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Forest Stewardship Council “(…) the local communities do not under-stand the procedures or have not received any information at all about them. According to the findings of Pokja Hutan Kaltim, the local people have received hardly any information on the process of developing the timber legality verification system. At the beginning of the process in Melak district, the leader of the team developing the system promised that meetings would be held in all villages bordering with the Sumalindo concession area but this did not happen. According to a community representative who attended the meeting in Melak, there never were any village meetings in the Long Bagun area to discuss the development of the timber legality system. The Pokja Hutan Kaltim team recently attended a meeting in Samarinda. There were only very few representatives of local communities present.” 206 Marcus Colchester (2004) 207 also identified weaknesses in the consultation processes conducted by certification bodies: “In Indonesia, for a variety of reasons [lack of effective recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights in Indonesia law and in forestry concessions due to unresolved differences among the key actors involved, based on both political economy and from deficiencies in the procedures of certification itself], participation at all these levels has been poor and, as a result, certification decisions have generated disputes rather than led to improved forest management. Field studies show that, even in communities where certification assessments have been carried out, few individuals understand what certification is; even fewer comprehend FSC Principles and Criteria in any detail; almost none have the capacity, by themselves, to make use of the official FSC complaints procedures. Extensive and costly public awareness-raising efforts are necessary if this is to change.” Colchester concludes: “In the absence of clear legal mechanisms for recognizing customary rights or fair means for securing indigenous peoples’ agreement to forestry operations on customary lands (…) FSC certification should remain suspended until there was a broad and inclusive national agreement about what standards should be applied in the circumstances. (…). The alternative, favored by community advocates, is for certification to focus on community forestry 206 Pokja Hutan Kaltim & Forest Peoples Programme (2007): Can't see the people for the trees. Assessment of the free, prior and informed consent agreement between Sumalindo and the community of Long Bagun, district of Kutai Barat, East Kalimantan province. FPIC Working Papers; http://www.forestpeoples.org/documents/law_hr/fpic_indonesia_jun07_eng.pdf (as of August 2008) 207 Colchester, Markus (2004): “Forest certification in Indonesia”. Annex 4 In: Richards, Michael (ed.): Certification in complex socio-political settings: Looking forward to the next decade. Forest Trends. Washington, D.C.; http://www.forest-trends.org and https://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-d99d-certification-in-Complex-Settings- Annex4.pdf 110 of 245 ® FSC, A.C. All rights reserved. FSC-SECR-0002
2. Impact in and beyond the forest: 2.3 Social effects operations until the concession and tenure regimes in the country are reformed.” (Colchester 2004). 208 FSC’s reaction to stakeholders’ observations FSC recognizes that in some regions of the world, the positive impact of FSC certification requires time. In some cases, observations and complaints of environmental and social NGOs have let to a number of additional ASI audits, and to review and check the work of FSC accredited certification bodies. In the FSC system, stakeholders should report their observations and any comment to the certified company first in order to point out inappropriate social and/or ecological management practices, so that the certified company can take and implement appropriate corrective actions. FSC accredited certification bodies can also be approached by stakeholders to provide comments on the performance of a certified company. The certification body has then to investigate and report on its findings. FSC certification reports have to be made publicly available to ensure a transparent process. If this does not solve the issues to the satisfaction of the stakeholders, the FSC National Initiative and/or the FSC can be approached. FSC and ASI will investigate any expression of dissatisfaction with the FSC certification process. This helps to maintain and/or improve the reliability of FSC. If a certificate holder is not able or willing to comply with FSC certification requirements, then this can lead to the suspension or even termination of the certificate by the FSC accredited certification body. ASI ensures that certification bodies fully implement FSC procedures so that credible FSC certificates are issued to all FSC certified companies. Improvement of stakeholder consultation through national standards Bob Frost et al (2003) 209 describes for South Africa: “The weakest part of certification processes has been stakeholder consultation. Some major stakeholder groups have effectively been excluded by the continuation of long-standing patterns of interaction and mechanisms of consultation used by companies. This has been compounded by the lack of formal structures for ongoing consultation within audited com- 208 ibid. 209 Frost, Bob; Mayers, James & Roberts, Sarah (2003): Growing credibility? The impact of certification on forests and people in South Africa. International Institute for Environment and Development, London. http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/G00412.pdf (as of August 2008) 111 of 245 ® FSC, A.C. All rights reserved. FSC-SECR-0002
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Forest FSC’s Stewardship vision a
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FSC’s vision and mission FSC’S
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FSC’s vision and mission 2.3 Envi
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1. Introducing FSC: 1.1 Why FSC 1.
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1. Introducing FSC: 1.2 FSC in figu
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1. Introducing FSC: 1.3 FSC’s sco
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3. Impact on forest policy: 3.2 Inf
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3. Impact on forest policy: 3.3 Gov
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3. Impact on forest policy: 3.4 Dev
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4. Beyond FSC: 4.1 Certification of
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4. Beyond FSC: 4.2 Combating the il
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4. Beyond FSC: 4.2 Combating the il
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4. Beyond FSC: 4.3 Comparing certif
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5. Conclusion FSC arguing that with
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5. Conclusion (Poschen 2003). In ge
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References REFERENCES Arboleda, Mar
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References Errol Meidinger, and Dea
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References FSC (2000): FSC Principl
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References Corrêa Alves, Rodrigo F
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References the Convention on Biolog
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References PricewaterhouseCoopers (
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References Ros-Tonen, Mirjam A.F. (
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References Turtica, Marius (2006):
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References Yuan, Yuan & Eastin, Iva
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Annex I: 5 Develop an ongoing dialo
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Annex II:Annex I: opment Facility 4
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Abbreviations and definitionsAnnex
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