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Red Flags — - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

Red Flags — - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

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SPECIAL NEEDS<br />

MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY<br />

Changes in behaviour may be related to a mild traumatic brain injury (e.g., falls, accidents, medical<br />

treatment, shaken baby syndrome).<br />

If the child presents with one or more of the following behaviours that are different from the child’s<br />

norm, consider this a red flag:<br />

Physical<br />

►► Dizziness<br />

►► Headache, recurrent or chronic<br />

►► Blurred vision or double vision<br />

►► Fatigue that is persistent<br />

►► <strong>Red</strong>uced endurance that is consistent<br />

►► Insomnia/severe problems falling asleep<br />

►► Poor coordination <strong>and</strong> poor balance<br />

►► Sensory impairment (change in ability to<br />

smell, hear, see, taste the same as before)<br />

►► Significantly decreased motor function<br />

►► Dramatic <strong>and</strong> consistent increase or<br />

decrease in appetite<br />

►► Seizures<br />

►► Persistent tinnitus (ringing in the ears)<br />

►► Retinal hemorrhages<br />

►► Bulging fontanel<br />

►► Bruises<br />

Cognitive Impairments<br />

►► Decreased attention<br />

►► Gets mixed up about time <strong>and</strong> place<br />

►► Decreased concentration<br />

►► <strong>Red</strong>uced perception<br />

►► Memory or reduced learning speed<br />

►► Develops problems finding words or<br />

generating sentences consistently<br />

►► Problem solving (planning, organizing<br />

<strong>and</strong> initiating tasks)<br />

►► Learning new information (increased time<br />

required for new learning to occur)<br />

►► Abstract thinking<br />

►► <strong>Red</strong>uced motor speed<br />

►► Inflexible thinking; concrete thinking<br />

►► Decreased processing speed<br />

►► Not developing age-appropriately<br />

►► Difficulties with multi-tasking <strong>and</strong> sequencing<br />

Behavioural/Emotional (Severe)<br />

►► Irritability, aggression<br />

►► Impulsivity, confusion, distractibility,<br />

mind gets stuck on one issue, emotional<br />

rollercoaster<br />

►► Loss of self esteem<br />

►► Poor social judgment or socially inappropriate<br />

behaviour<br />

►► Decreased initiative or motivation, difficulty<br />

h<strong>and</strong>ling transitions or routines<br />

►► Personality change, sleep disturbances<br />

►► Withdrawal, depression, frustration<br />

►► Anxiety<br />

►► Decreased ability to empathize, egocentricism<br />

WHERE TO GO FOR HELP<br />

See Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Where<br />

to Go for Help section at the back of this<br />

document.<br />

36 <strong>Red</strong> <strong>Flags</strong>: Early Identification in <strong>Leeds</strong>, <strong>Grenville</strong> & <strong>Lanark</strong> November 2007

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