Coastal - Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project

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Activity #1 Coastal Unit 2 Species Card Master Photo: Forest Starr and Kim Martz Naupaka Kahakai or Beach Naupaka (Scaevola sericea) Order Campanulales, Family Goodeniaceae • This indigenous shrub is also found elsewhere throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. • It is a common plant in coastal shrublands in windward and leeward areas, on sand or rock, and often along with other native vines and shrubs. It can be low-lying, or grow to twelve feet tall. Habitat • This highly salt-tolerant shrub grows in the coastal or beach strand, an environment affected by salt spray and seawater. Adaptations & Interactions • Its round, white fruits float and tolerate saltwater. It can germinate when washed ashore after a year at sea. • Its succulent leaves help it retain water. • Its fruits are eaten by pigeons and seabirds, especially in places where there are few other fruits available. Human Connections • In Hawaiian legend the “half flower” of the naupaka is from a flower torn in half by the heartbroken princess Naupaka who was not allowed to marry her love. She went to live in the mountains and her half of the flower became the naupaka kuahiwi. At the seashore, her lover’s half of the flower became naupaka kahakai. • The bark of this shrub has been used in traditional Hawaiian medicine, and fruits were occasionally eaten. ÿÖhelo Kai (Lycium sandwicense) Order Solanales, Family Solanaceae • This indigenous shrub is endemic to Polynesia, where it is found on scattered islands in areas such as Tonga and Rapa. • It grows low to the ground. Habitat • ÿÖhelo kai normally grows on arid, rocky shorelines within reach of the salt spray. Photo: Forest Starr and Kim Martz Adaptations & Interactions • Its succulent leaves help it retain water. • Livestock may graze on this plant during dry times. Human Connections • Its bright red, juicy fruits are sometimes eaten, although the flesh is salty and not too tasty. Coastal Connections • Höÿike o Haleakalä 11
Activity #1 Coastal Unit 2 Species Card Master Pöhinahina or Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) Order Lamiales, Family Verbenaceae • This indigenous shrub is also native to parts of India, southern Japan, and many tropical Pacific islands. • It grows low to the ground. Habitat • It grows on sand dunes, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. • As beaches and coastal areas are developed, this plant is becoming increasingly rare. Photo: Forest Starr and Kim Martz Adaptations & Interactions • Pöhinahina rarely reaches more than two feet high, a growth form that helps protect it from the wind and salt spray. • Its silvery or grayish leaves help reflect the harsh and direct sunlight. Human Connections • This plant is sometimes used in traditional Hawaiian medicine. • Its Hawaiian name refers to the light green leaves of the pöhinahina, which can look silvery or grayish. ÿÜlei or Hawaiian Rose (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) Order Rosales, Family Rosaceae • This indigenous woody vine or shrub also occurs in the South Pacific on the Cook Islands and Tonga. Habitat • ÿÜlei grows from sea level up to at least 1829 meters (6000 feet) on arid parts of the Hawaiian Islands. Adaptations & Interactions • It is sometimes overgrown by the parasitic kaunaÿoa plant, which absorbs nutrients from it. Photo: Forest Starr and Kim Martz Human Connections • ÿÜlei wood was used for making fish spears. It was also used to make a musical instrument called the ÿükëkë. This bowed piece of wood was fitted with two or three strings that were strummed. The supple, viny branches were used for weaving fish traps and baskets. Coastal Connections • Höÿike o Haleakalä 12
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Höÿike o Haleakalä Haleakalä re
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© Copyright 2001 by Hawaiÿi Natur
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Acknowledgements Höÿike o Haleaka
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Introduction Höÿike o Haleakalä
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How to Use This Curriculum Höÿike
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• Activity Instructions and Mater
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Coastal Module Coastal Module You a
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••• Ecosystem Summary Where o
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Coastal Module farming, and clearin
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Coastal Module Unit 2 Coastal Conne
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Coastal Module Unit 4 Fire Ants and
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Coastal Module ••• Optional F
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Coastal Unit 1 Unit at a Glance Act
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