ANNUAL REPORT 2012
ANNUAL REPORT 2012
ANNUAL REPORT 2012
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Centre for Research on Embedded Systems<br />
CERES<br />
<strong>ANNUAL</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong> <strong>2012</strong><br />
halmstad university
Cover photos<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, Kristina Kunert, Jan Duracz, Hoai<br />
Hoang Bengtsso and Anita Sant’Anna<br />
Jonson, humanoid<br />
Edward Lee<br />
Kristoffer Lidström<br />
Adam Duracz and Annette Böhm<br />
Photos in the Annual Report: Roland Thörner and others<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
CERES<br />
Centre for Research on Embedded Systems<br />
Research Profile<br />
Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Table of Contents<br />
CERES 5<br />
Preface 5<br />
Introduction 6<br />
CERES Research Focus 6<br />
Main scientific areas 6<br />
Main application areas 6<br />
CERES Research Focus in a Broader Context 7<br />
First year of the “CERES+” Phase 7<br />
Phases of Development 8<br />
CERES Management during <strong>2012</strong> 8<br />
Cooperation with Industry 9<br />
Funding10<br />
CERES Funding <strong>2012</strong> 10<br />
Personell11<br />
Highlights <strong>2012</strong>14<br />
Halmstad Colloquium 14<br />
CERES Open Day 14<br />
IEEE Workshop on Vehicular Communications 14<br />
Halmstad University now a Foundation Research Centre 15<br />
New Industrial Graduate School 15<br />
Best paper Award 15<br />
Second Summer School on Accurate Programming 15<br />
Second Workshop on Design, Modeling and Evaluation of Cyber Physical Systems (CyPhy’12) 15<br />
11th meeting of the IFIP Working Group 2.11 15<br />
International Cooperation in Prestigious National Science Foundation Project 16<br />
CERES at Embedded Conference Scandinavia 16<br />
Ph D Graduation 17<br />
Four New Professors 18<br />
Extended Abstracts20<br />
JUMP - Jump to Manycore Platforms 20<br />
STAMP - Streaming Applications on Embedded High-Performance Commercial Platforms 22<br />
HTM - Hierarchical Temporal Memory on Manycores 23<br />
HIPEC - High Performance Embedded Computing 24<br />
SMECY - Smart multicore embedded systems 26<br />
Acumen+: Core Enabling Technology for Acumen 27<br />
MaC2WiN – Management Challenges in Cognitive Wireless Networks 28<br />
WisCon - Wireless sensor concept node 31<br />
VehicleNets – Dependable Real-Time Services in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 32<br />
CVAN: Cross-Layer Design of VANETs for Traffic Safety 34<br />
A Virtual Testbed for Smart Micro Grids 36<br />
Publications 2010-<strong>2012</strong>37<br />
International full-paper reviewed journal papers 37<br />
Books, book chapters and editorial work 38<br />
Doctoral and Licentiate theses 38<br />
International full-paper reviewed conference papers 38<br />
Internal reports 42<br />
Other (incl. national conferences and international conferences without full-paper review) 42<br />
4 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
CERES<br />
Centre for Research on Embedded Systems<br />
Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
Preface<br />
Summing up the year <strong>2012</strong> it is clear that it has been a very<br />
important year in the progression of CERES as an internationally<br />
well-known research centre. The cooperation with industry<br />
has been taken one step further by starting new research<br />
projects together with our strategic industry partners – projects<br />
that include international research cooperation. We have continued<br />
to develop our strategic research alliances with academic<br />
partners in continental Europe and the Americas, as well as<br />
with our ELLIIT partners in Sweden. Our research capability<br />
has been considerably increased and sharpened by the enrollment<br />
of four new professors: two guest professors, one promoted<br />
professor, and one newly recruited full professor. We have<br />
started up an advanced, distinguished-speaker seminar series,<br />
the Halmstad Colloquium, which helps to put CERES and<br />
Halmstad University on the scientific world map.<br />
All this is part of the ambition to lift CERES one step further<br />
in international reputation and attractiveness as a research<br />
partner. The development programme, named CERES+ and<br />
financed by the Knowledge Foundation, runs over two years<br />
(<strong>2012</strong>-2013). We expect to see the full effects of the ambitious<br />
build-up during the years to come.<br />
Equally important is the development of the research at Halmstad<br />
University as a whole, especially the research in co-production<br />
with industry. This is growing rapidly, also with support<br />
from the Knowledge Foundation, under the name of Research<br />
for Innovation. <strong>2012</strong> was the first year of the University’s status<br />
as a “Foundation Research Centre (KK-miljö)”, a status that,<br />
among other things, opens improved opportunities for interdisciplinary<br />
research initiatives bridging information technology,<br />
health and innovation sciences.<br />
This annual report highlights the most important achievements<br />
within CERES during <strong>2012</strong> and gives brief presentations of<br />
ongoing or recently finished research projects. PhD graduation<br />
and a best paper award were among the things we celebrated in<br />
<strong>2012</strong>. The staff of CERES has made a remarkable job during<br />
<strong>2012</strong> and I am happy to welcome several new, enthusiastic coworkers<br />
joining the crew in the turn of the year to 2013!<br />
Bertil Svensson<br />
Director of CERES<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
5
Introduction<br />
The Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES) is<br />
a research centre within the School of Information Science,<br />
Computer and Electrical Engineering (School of IDE) at<br />
Halmstad University. The centre was initiated in 2003 and has<br />
been built up in close cooperation with industry and with support<br />
from The Knowledge Foundation.<br />
The scientific focus of CERES is on Cooperating Embedded<br />
Systems, more specifically on enabling solutions for cooperating<br />
and high-performance embedded systems and their applications.<br />
The prioritized applications come from health care,<br />
traffic and transport, and advanced sensing and communication<br />
systems. The research projects provide knowledge (solutions,<br />
theories, methods and tools) to bridge the gap from basic<br />
enabling technologies to application domains. By this, CERES<br />
is intended to increase the competitiveness of Swedish industry.<br />
Main scientific areas<br />
Computer architectures and languages is one main scientific<br />
area. It includes the new opportunities and challenges related<br />
to parallel and reconfigurable systems, particularly their programming,<br />
as well as the development and use of languages<br />
for specific domains. Special attention is given to languages<br />
for modeling and simulation of cyber-physical systems. An<br />
other main area is real-time and wireless communication,<br />
which includes methods for guaranteed real-time services and<br />
dependable information transfer in wired as well as wireless<br />
networks, and also hardware and software technologies to enable<br />
low-power wireless applications. Finally, in distributed<br />
systems, research is concentrated on technologies for coordination<br />
of such systems, for example wireless sensor networks.<br />
CERES is an arena for industrially motivated, long-term research.<br />
In this, CERES serves as a partner for industry’s own<br />
research and development, as a recruitment base for those who<br />
seek staff with cutting-edge knowledge, and as a competence<br />
resource for industry and society. CERES hosts research education<br />
and profiled master and bachelor studies.<br />
CERES plays an important role in the profile and strategic development<br />
of Halmstad University, for example by hosting a<br />
major part of the PhD education in Information Technology<br />
and by being a leading player in the University’s strategic research<br />
initiative, Research for Innovation. Also, with its strong<br />
record of spin-off companies from the embedded systems area,<br />
CERES is considered vitally important for the University’s further<br />
development as a strongly innovation-oriented university.<br />
Zain Ul-Abdin, Kristina Kunert, Jan Duracz, Hoai Hoang Bengtsson<br />
and Anita Pinheiro Sant´ Anna at CERES Open Day where they all<br />
gave talks.<br />
Jonson, humanoid and Walid Taha, professor, expert of cyber-psysical<br />
systems.<br />
Main application areas<br />
Solutions Enabling for embedded Systems systems cooperation are End widely usage applicable.<br />
CERES has chosen to put particular effort into a few.<br />
and<br />
technologies solutions<br />
Applications<br />
business models<br />
The first is health and elderly care, in which “ambient assisted<br />
living” is used as a term for technologies and services to support<br />
elderly people to continue to live an independent and active<br />
life. The second is intelligent traffic and transport systems, in<br />
which cooperative systems can be used for collision avoidance,<br />
intelligent cruise control, more efficient public transportation,<br />
safer and more secure transport of goods, and many other benefits.<br />
Finally, in sensing and communication systems, massively<br />
parallel, cooperating embedded processors are needed for<br />
efficient signal processing in array-antenna based radar systems,<br />
radio base stations and advanced multimedia terminals and<br />
sports equipment.<br />
CERES Research Focus<br />
Cooperating Embedded Systems is the “three-word focus” of<br />
CERES. The cooperation opportunities among and within<br />
embedded systems are enabled by new, emerging technologies.<br />
However, it is not these emerging technologies per se that are in<br />
focus for CERES researchers, rather, it is the solutions for cooperation<br />
on a higher level (in terms of architectures, protocols,<br />
networks, modeling and programming tools, system development<br />
methods, etc.) that are developed, analyzed and applied.<br />
Human care can be further assisted by the use of technology<br />
6 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
First year of the “CERES+” Phase<br />
Following up on its six-year support of CERES in the form of<br />
“profile funding”, The Knowledge Foundation in 2011 offered<br />
CERES to qualify for two-year “profile+ funding” during <strong>2012</strong><br />
and 2013. The goal of the new two-year period must be to<br />
further develop the centre’s international research edge and its<br />
international research network, while at the same time maintaining<br />
its focus on industrially relevant research and industrial<br />
collaborations.<br />
Andreas Olofsson, Adapteva, giving a seminar about Epiphany<br />
Manycore Architecture<br />
CERES Research Focus in a Broader Context<br />
Within the School of IDE, CERES is part of a larger, coordinated<br />
research arena within information technology, covering<br />
the entire spectrum from basic, enabling technologies to<br />
end usage and business models, see Figure 1. The right-going<br />
arrows can be understood as “enables” and the left-going as<br />
“demands”. The core expertise of CERES is mainly used in<br />
the two circles meeting in “systems solutions”. In projects performed<br />
in cooperation with industry it is a great asset to CE-<br />
RES to have access to this wide-ranging expertise.<br />
Enabling<br />
technologies<br />
Systems<br />
solutions<br />
Applications<br />
End usage and<br />
business models<br />
Figure 1. Embedded and intelligent systems research, ranging from<br />
enabling technologies, via systems solutions and applications, to<br />
business models.<br />
Over the years, CERES has achieved strong national recognition<br />
and is also attractive as an international partner, for example<br />
in European research projects. In that light, CERES ambition<br />
during the current two-year period is to further establish<br />
itself as an internationally renowned research centre for cooperating<br />
intelligent embedded systems, with a special tip of smart<br />
cooperation and communication, and smart programming<br />
and execution.<br />
For smart cooperation and communication, research in realtime<br />
communication is focusing on the efficiency of interaction<br />
and communication in distributed systems in that it is<br />
characterized by a cross-layer approach. Thus it does not address<br />
the various “layers” of communication solutions in isolation,<br />
but together (“cross-layer design,” or so-called multi-layer<br />
synthesis), including also the application level. This results in<br />
smarter, more tailored cooperating embedded systems that take<br />
into consideration the conditions, application requirements<br />
and limited resources.<br />
For smart programming and execution, research on integrated<br />
parallel computers (“manycores”) focuses on the effectiveness<br />
of the programming and execution of the embedded systems.<br />
Programming techniques appropriate for the application area<br />
are developed, meaning that they should both be effective for<br />
the application programmer and allow for adaptivity and smart<br />
energy saving during execution. The latter requires cooperation<br />
between language and architecture researchers on the one hand<br />
and real-time researchers on the other.<br />
CERES position as a leading actor in embedded systems has<br />
attracted national cooperation in the ELLIIT consortium, consisting<br />
of the universities in Linköping, Lund, Halmstad and<br />
Blekinge. This consortium was selected by the Swedish Government<br />
(in 2009) to achieve long-term extra funding of research<br />
that is considered to be of particular strategic importance to<br />
Sweden. Since 2010 CERES has been performing joint, strategic<br />
research projects together with the other ELLIIT partners.<br />
CERES is also active in international collaborations, the largest<br />
and most important one being the EU Artemis project SMECY<br />
(Smart Multicore Embedded Systems) which has 29 partners<br />
from nine European countries. CERES is national coordinator<br />
for the Swedish part of the consortium. Another positioning<br />
on the international arena is in relation to the European<br />
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Researchers<br />
of CERES have become well-known for their expertise in<br />
understanding the characteristics of different communication<br />
standards when applied to inter-vehicle communication for<br />
increased road traffic safety. These researchers have been contracted<br />
by ETSI to be involved in the work towards future European<br />
standards for vehicle-to-vehicle communication.<br />
Ambric Software evaluation board, used by CERES researchers for<br />
programming on multicore processors.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
7
Through this focusing, the different CERES skills are taken<br />
advantage of in a more targeted way. It is also an approach<br />
that has its origins in the needs of the applications, which is<br />
pleasing to the industrial partners of CERES, enabling them to<br />
significantly continue to contribute to research. Practical conditions,<br />
requirements and restrictions create interesting strategic<br />
research questions that lead to industry relevant research.<br />
The two-year CERES+ funding started in January <strong>2012</strong>. New<br />
collaborative projects have started together with the most important<br />
industrial partners. In each project there is also cooperation<br />
with foreign, leading international players from both<br />
academia and industry. To further sharpen the profile CERES<br />
has also developed specific cooperative projects and exchanges<br />
with selected academic research centres in the U.S., Europe and<br />
South America. To increase the visibility of CERES and spread<br />
the word about our special expertise and interest to both academia<br />
and industry, recurring seminars on intelligent cooperating<br />
embedded systems have been held with invited speakers of<br />
very high quality. The seminars, known by the name Halmstad<br />
Colloquium, are recorded and made publicly available on the<br />
internet.<br />
Overall, this should lead to Halmstad University not only consolidating<br />
its position as belonging to the country’s leaders in<br />
embedded systems, but is also becoming known and sought<br />
after as a partner at global level in the chosen research edge.<br />
The phase of national recognition, when the centre became<br />
well-known nationally and attracted increasing industry cooperation,<br />
can be seen as the period 2007 – 2010. The phase of<br />
effects on society is when direct and indirect effects of CERES<br />
research and innovation activities can be seen in industry and<br />
society. These effects are mainly achieved through the innovation<br />
support activities of CERES. Results in terms of, e.g., new<br />
companies and innovation centres can be seen from 2009 and<br />
onwards.<br />
The phase of international excellence, finally, is when the<br />
centre is attractive in national and international excellence networks<br />
and joint projects. Initial signs of this phase appeared<br />
during 2011 and continued during <strong>2012</strong>. The efforts in the<br />
CERES+ programme, funded by The Knowledge Foundation<br />
during <strong>2012</strong>-2013, are aimed at strengthening this position<br />
during these years and beyond.<br />
CERES Management during <strong>2012</strong><br />
Management group:<br />
CERES Director:<br />
CERES Vice Director:<br />
CERES Coordinator:<br />
Leadership Group:<br />
Bertil Svensson<br />
Magnus Jonsson<br />
Roland Thörner<br />
The above, plus:<br />
Hoai Hoang Bengtsson,<br />
Tomas Nordström, and<br />
Elisabeth Uhlemann<br />
Bertil Svensson<br />
Magnus Jonsson<br />
Walid Taha introducing Edward A. Lee from UC Berkeley before<br />
he’s giving a seminar at Halmstad Colloquium. The seminars are<br />
published on the Internet. The video from this occasion has been<br />
viewed more than 500 times.<br />
Phases of Development<br />
The development of CERES over a 10 – 15 years period towards<br />
its vision of international excellence and positive effects<br />
on industry and society can be described in terms of four phases:<br />
The build-up phase was when the orientation was defined, the<br />
first partnerships were established, the necessary first recruitments<br />
were done and the co-production projects with industry<br />
all got started. This phase started when CERES was first initiated<br />
in 2001; it continued through the platform years 2003 −<br />
2004 and the first couple of years (2005 – 2007) of the profile<br />
period.<br />
Roland Thörner<br />
Tomas Nordström<br />
Hoai Hoang Bengtsson<br />
Elisabeth Uhlemann<br />
8 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Cooperation with Industry<br />
A group of eight Swedish companies were contracted partners<br />
when CERES was started as a profile. Over the years, these<br />
partners have participated in research projects, often with several<br />
companies in each project. With some of the companies a<br />
long-term, stabile strategic relationship has developed, resulting<br />
in joint strategic recruitments, joint efforts in European research<br />
initiatives, etc. Others have a somewhat less active role,<br />
while yet other companies have joined CERES as partners in<br />
specific projects. At the same time the cooperation with academic<br />
partners, in Sweden and abroad, has developed, sometimes<br />
into long-term strategic alliances.<br />
The number of industrial and academic partners of different<br />
kinds is shown in Figure 2. It shows a steady increase of both<br />
industrial and academic collaboration over the years. From<br />
2010 there is a significant increase in industrial partnership,<br />
due to involvement in a large EU project.<br />
60 <br />
50 <br />
SAAB<br />
SAAB has an established relationship to Halmstad University<br />
dating back to the early 1990-s, and over the years the<br />
cooperation has broadened and deepened. SAAB has benefited<br />
from it not only from the knowledge gained, but also<br />
through recruitment based on the fact that a large number<br />
of PhD students have worked in joint projects.<br />
SAAB’s main aim with the continued collaboration in the<br />
network management area is to create an integrated project<br />
team in which company representatives work together<br />
with academia to address key network management challenges,<br />
rather than establishing separate work packages for<br />
the industry. Our intention is therefore to contribute to<br />
the research activity through a partnership complementing<br />
and benefitting from academic excellence. Within such an<br />
integrated project team, SAAB will act to provide domain<br />
information that characterizes the problem space and sets<br />
long-term goals for network management system behaviour<br />
emanating from our background and ongoing national and<br />
international research and development activities.<br />
http://www.saabgroup.com/<br />
40 <br />
30 <br />
20 <br />
10 <br />
0 <br />
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 <strong>2012</strong> <br />
Swedish industries and ins8tutes <br />
Swedish universi8es <br />
Foreign industries and ins8tutes <br />
Foreign universi8es <br />
Figure 2: Number of partners of different kinds in CERES research<br />
projects 2003 – 2011<br />
An important part of the CERES+ programme <strong>2012</strong>-2013 is<br />
to extend and deepen the research cooperation with the strategic<br />
industrial partners.<br />
This is how these partners motivate their continued participation<br />
in the CERES research programme:<br />
Free2move<br />
Free2move has earlier had an industrial PhD student within<br />
CERES, who has now graduated and works in the company.<br />
Signal processing and architectures for low power signal<br />
processing is a core competence for the company. In order<br />
to be able to develop products pushing state-of-the-art, we<br />
need to be involved in research in these fields. The company<br />
is developing communication products for the outdoor<br />
market with novel functionality. There is an increasing<br />
demand for high audio quality and long battery lifetime<br />
for these devices. One of the most prioritized issues is to<br />
find and learn how to use architectures for our processing<br />
needs that, through massive parallelism at low clock rates,<br />
are much more energy efficient than the more traditional<br />
approaches used today.<br />
http://www.free2move.se<br />
Volvo Group Advanced Technology & Research<br />
Over the past six years, Volvo Group Advanced Technology<br />
& Research has participated in the CERES program,<br />
through which we have gained in-depth knowledge of cooperating<br />
embedded systems and wireless real-time communication.<br />
The cooperation with Halmstad University, combined<br />
with our participation in European research projects<br />
such as CVIS, Safespot and PRE_DRIVE C2X, has given<br />
Volvo a knowledge platform on which to build future cooperative<br />
Intelligent Transport Systems and services, for more<br />
efficient, safer and more environmentally friendly transport.<br />
Our goal with the continuation of the CERES cooperation<br />
is to continue to deepen our knowledge of the subject area<br />
along with Halmstad University, in order to be able to make<br />
important contributions to the on-going European standardization<br />
in the field of ITS.<br />
http://www.volvogroup.com<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
9
Funding<br />
During the first years of CERES, The Knowledge Foundation was of course the dominating funding source. This is seen in the<br />
diagram of Figure 3 as the blue and red parts of the bars. Over the years, this situation has changed − due to increased funding from<br />
other sources − so that in later years the funding from The Knowledge Foundation amounts to about one third of the total research<br />
funding. The most important other financing sources are VINNOVA, the European Union, and the government’s strategic research<br />
initiative within ICT.<br />
18 000 <br />
16 000 <br />
14 000 <br />
12 000 <br />
10 000 <br />
8 000 <br />
6 000 <br />
4 000 <br />
2 000 <br />
0 <br />
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 <strong>2012</strong> <br />
KK pla0orm or profile or profile+ Other KK funding Other external funding HH internal funding <br />
Figure 3: Research funding (in KSEK) from The Knowledge Foundation (KK), other external funding, and internal funding, 2003<br />
– <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
CERES Funding <strong>2012</strong><br />
CERES Funding <strong>2012</strong> KSEK<br />
Profile+ funding from The Knowledge Foundation 5 000<br />
Other funding from The Knowledge Foundation 420<br />
Other external funding 5 960<br />
Internal funding, Halmstad University 5 494<br />
Sum 16 874<br />
Figure 4: Financing of CERES research during <strong>2012</strong>. Only cash financing<br />
is shown. The additional in-kind financing from industrial<br />
partners during <strong>2012</strong> amounts to approximately 2 500 KSEK.<br />
Internal funding, <br />
Halmstad <br />
University <br />
Profile+ funding <br />
from The <br />
Knowledge <br />
Founda6on <br />
Other external <br />
funding <br />
Other funding <br />
from The <br />
Knowledge <br />
Founda6on <br />
Figure 5. Financing of CERES research<br />
during <strong>2012</strong>. Distribution among funders.<br />
Other external funding consist of EU,<br />
SSF, ELLIIT, VINNOVA and others.<br />
10 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Personell<br />
Jonsson, Magnus<br />
Prof., Ph.D<br />
Prof., Real-time Computer Systems<br />
Vice Director of CERES<br />
Magnus.Jonsson@hh.se<br />
Larsson, Tony<br />
Prof., Ph.D.<br />
Prof., Embedded Systems<br />
Uhlemann, Elisabeth<br />
Ph.D. E.E.<br />
Associate Prof., Communication<br />
Systems<br />
Elisabeth.Uhlemann@hh.se<br />
Wickström, Nicholas<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Associate Prof., Computer Systems<br />
Tony.Larsson@hh.se<br />
Bertil Svensson<br />
Prof., Ph.D.<br />
Prof., Computer Systems Engineering<br />
Director of CERES<br />
Nicholas.Wickstrom@hh.se<br />
Bengtsson, Jerker<br />
PhD. C.E.<br />
Assistant Prof., Computer Architecture<br />
Bertil.Svensson@hh.se<br />
Walid Taha<br />
Prof., Ph.D.<br />
Prof., Computer Science<br />
walid.taha@hh.se<br />
Nordström, Tomas<br />
Prof., Ph.D.<br />
Prof., Computer Engineering<br />
tomas.nordstrom@hh.se<br />
Hammerstrom, Dan<br />
Prof., Ph.D.<br />
Guest Prof., Computer Architecture<br />
Hoang Bengtsson, Hoai<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Assistant Prof., Computer Systems Engineering<br />
Hoai.Hoang@hh.se<br />
Ul-Abdin, Zain<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Post Doc, Computer Science & Engineering<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin@hh.se<br />
Kunert, Kristina<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Post doc, Comp.Eng./Data Comm.<br />
Kristina.Kunert@hh.se<br />
Gaspes, Verónica<br />
Ph.D. C.S.<br />
Assoc. Prof., Computer Science<br />
Nilsson, Björn<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Lecturer, Computer Engineering<br />
(part time)<br />
Veronica.Gaspes@hh.se<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
11
Duracz, Jan<br />
Ph.D. C.S.<br />
Postdoc Computer Science<br />
Nilsson, Emil<br />
Lic.Tech.,E.E.<br />
Research Engineer Electronics<br />
jan.duracz@hh.se<br />
Bilstrup, Urban<br />
Ph.D. C.E.<br />
Lecturer, Computer Engineering/<br />
Wireless Communication<br />
Urban.Bilstrup@hh.se<br />
Emil.Nilsson@hh.se<br />
Weckstén, Mattias<br />
Lic.Tech.,C.S.<br />
Lecturer, Computer Engineering<br />
Mattias.Wecksten@hh.se<br />
SantAnna, Anita<br />
PhD Signals and Systems<br />
Postdoc Cyber-physical Systems<br />
Sjöberg, Katrin<br />
Lic.Tech. Signals and Systems<br />
Ph.D. stud,. Signals and Systems<br />
anita.santanna@hh.se<br />
Atkinson,Kevin<br />
PhD C. S.<br />
Post-doctoral Fellow<br />
Hertz, Erik<br />
Lic.Tech., Eng.<br />
Research Engineer<br />
kevin.atkinson@hh.se<br />
Masood, Jawad<br />
PhD Mechanical Engineering<br />
Postdoctoral Researcher Cyber-physical<br />
Systems<br />
jawad.masood@hh.se<br />
Lidström, Kristoffer<br />
Lic.Tech, C.E.<br />
Ph.D. stud., Information Technology<br />
Graduated February <strong>2012</strong><br />
erik.hertz@hh.se<br />
Eldemark, Hans-Erik<br />
M.Sc. E.E.<br />
Lecturer, Computer Engineering and<br />
Innovation Engineering<br />
Hans-Erik.Eldemark@hh.se<br />
Parsapoor, Mahboobeh<br />
M.Sc. EIS<br />
Research Engineer<br />
mahboobeh.parsapoor@hh.se<br />
Böhm, Annette<br />
Lic.Tech. C.E.<br />
Ph.D. stud., Computer Science and<br />
Engineering<br />
Annette.Bohm@hh.se<br />
Hoang, Le-Nam<br />
M.Sc.<br />
Ph.D. stud., Computer Science and<br />
Engineering<br />
le-nam.hoang@hh.se<br />
12 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Duracz, Adam<br />
M. Sc. C. S.<br />
PhD Student Computer Science and<br />
Engineering<br />
adam.duracz@hh.se<br />
Gebrewahid, Essayas<br />
M. Sc. C.E.<br />
Ph.D.Stud., Computer Science and<br />
Engineering<br />
essayas.gebrewahid@hh.se<br />
de Morais, Wagner<br />
M.Sc. C.E.<br />
Ph.D. stud., Computer Science and<br />
Engineering<br />
wagner.demorais@hh.se<br />
Thörner, Roland<br />
M.Sc. Informatics<br />
Project coordinator<br />
Bornhager, Malin<br />
B.Sc. C.E.<br />
Lecturer<br />
Malin.Bornhager@hh.se<br />
Torstensson, Olga<br />
M.Sc.<br />
Lecturer<br />
Olga.Torstensson@hh.se<br />
Heimer, Philip<br />
B.Sc.<br />
Lecturer<br />
philip.heimer@hh.se<br />
Lithén, Thomas<br />
Engineer<br />
Research engineer<br />
roland.thorner@hh.se<br />
thomas.lithen@hh.se<br />
Dellstrand, Börje<br />
M.Sc. E.E.<br />
Lecturer<br />
Månsson, Nicolina<br />
M.Sc.<br />
Lecturer<br />
Nicolina.Mansson@hh.se<br />
Erlandsson, Stella<br />
B.Sc. Innov. Eng.<br />
Project manager, Liaison officer<br />
stella.erlandsson@hh.se<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
13
Highlights <strong>2012</strong><br />
Halmstad Colloquium<br />
The Halmstad Colloquium is a distinguished speaker series<br />
hosted by the School of Information Science and Computer<br />
& Electrical Engineering at Halmstad University. The speakers<br />
are invited from universities around the world to talk about<br />
topics in the areas of embedded and intelligent systems, cyber<br />
physical systems, and related areas. The colloquium is an activity<br />
of CERES and CAISR (Centre for Applied Intelligent<br />
Systems Research).<br />
CERES Open Day<br />
The annual CERES Open Day was held on November 7th.<br />
The day, as usual, attracted many visitors from industry and<br />
academic partners, who could listen to an invited talk by Hans-<br />
Peter Schwefel, Scientific Director at FTW, Vienna, Austria,<br />
and see demonstrations of ongoing research at CERES. Oral<br />
presentations were given by the young researchers of CERES:<br />
Hoai Hoang Bengtsson, Anita Pinheiro Sant’Anna, Jan Duracz,<br />
Kristina Kunert, and Zain-ul-Abdin. A talk on dark silicon<br />
and heterogeneous manycore processors by the newest professor<br />
of CERES, Tomas Nordström concluded the day.<br />
During <strong>2012</strong> Halmstad Colloquium had the pleasure to welcome:<br />
Edward A. Lee, UC Berkeley<br />
Charles Consel, INRIA<br />
Steven Shladover, ITS Berkeley<br />
Aaron Ames, Texas A&M University<br />
IEEE Workshop on Vehicular Communications<br />
On behalf of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society and the<br />
VT/COM Sweden Chapter Board, CERES organized a oneday<br />
Workshop on Wireless Vehicular Communications on November<br />
30, <strong>2012</strong> with around 40 participants. The workshop<br />
featured an invited speaker, Andreas Festag from NEC, Germany,<br />
funded by the IEEE VTS, as well as presentations by senior<br />
researchers from Lund, Chalmers and Halmstad Universities.<br />
Participants came from Lund, Chalmers, Blekinge Institute of<br />
Technology, Tampere University of Technology, SP Technical<br />
Research Institute of Sweden, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group Trucks<br />
Technology, Ericsson Research, Qamcom Research and Technology,<br />
and Kapsch TrafficCom. The host was Dr. Elisabeth<br />
Uhlemann, CERES.<br />
Karl-Erik Årzén, LTH<br />
Claus Führer, LTH<br />
Invited speaker Andreas Festag<br />
14 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Halmstad University now a Foundation Research<br />
Centre<br />
Effective January 1st, <strong>2012</strong>, Halmstad University is now a<br />
Foundation Research Centre (Swedish: KK-miljö), meaning<br />
that a ten-year contract has been signed concerning support of<br />
the long-term development of strategic research at the University.<br />
The investment will be made in the areas of information<br />
technology, especially embedded intelligent systems, further in<br />
innovation sciences and in health and lifestyle – as well as, not<br />
least, interdisciplinary research involving all three areas. The<br />
long-term further development of CERES is of course expected<br />
to benefit from this venture, and the CERES research centre is<br />
now part of this over-arching initiative, named Research for<br />
Innovation.<br />
Second Summer School on Accurate Programming<br />
On May 30 – June 1, <strong>2012</strong>, CERES organized the second<br />
summer school on accurate programming. The school attracted<br />
around 20 participants including 8 from industry: HMS,<br />
Etteplan and Bombardier. Lectures and tutorials were offered<br />
by Veronica Gaspes (CERES), John Hughes (Chalmers and<br />
QuviQ), Rex Page (Oklahoma University) and Walid Taha<br />
(CERES). The topics of the school include property based testing<br />
and test-driven software development. The tools used include<br />
Erlang, Scala, Quickcheck and Scalacheck.<br />
New Industrial Graduate School<br />
In December <strong>2012</strong>, The Knowledge Foundation decided to finance<br />
an industrial graduate school with eight PhD students,<br />
all employed in industry but being trained at Halmstad University<br />
and participating in joint academic/industrial research.<br />
The goal of the industrial graduate school, named Embedded<br />
and Intelligent Systems Industrial Graduate School (EISIGS),<br />
is to provide the right environment for producing qualified,<br />
independent researchers (PhDs) that understand, advance, and<br />
champion embedded and intelligent systems research. It aims<br />
to strengthen Swedish industry by training doctoral-level researchers<br />
that have both technical depth and a broad understanding<br />
of industrial requirements and innovation processes.<br />
In particular, recognizing the importance of a firm’s ability to<br />
innovate and transform innovation to new business opportunities,<br />
an emphasis on innovation pervades the school’s entire<br />
program. To realize the emphasis on innovation, the graduate<br />
school will be managed and run in cooperation with researchers<br />
in Halmstad University’s Center for Innovation, Entrepreneurship<br />
and Learning Research (CIEL), which is also a leading<br />
player in the Research for Innovation initiative.<br />
PhD students and partners from industry attending a course in<br />
accurate programming<br />
Second Workshop on Design, Modeling and Evaluation<br />
of Cyber Physical Systems (CyPhy’12)<br />
On June 6 – 8, <strong>2012</strong>, CERES hosted CyPhy’12. The workshop<br />
was attended by researchers from Alfaisal University, Aston<br />
University, Halmstad University, Linköping University, Texas<br />
A&M University, and University of Twente.<br />
Best paper Award<br />
At the 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication<br />
Systems – Communication in Automation (WFCS<br />
<strong>2012</strong>) in Lemgo/Detmold, Germany, May 21-24, <strong>2012</strong>, the<br />
CERES contribution “Deterministic real-time medium access<br />
for cognitive industrial radio networks” was honoured with the<br />
Best Paper Award in the category Work in Progress Papers. The<br />
paper was authored by Kristina Kunert, Magnus Jonsson,<br />
and Urban Bilstrup.<br />
11th meeting of the IFIP Working Group 2.11<br />
On June 25-27, <strong>2012</strong>, CERES hosted the 11th meeting of the<br />
IFIP working group 2.11. The working group collects excellent<br />
researchers in the area of program generation. The meeting was<br />
attended by around 30 attendees and included more than 20<br />
presentations as well as a number of discussions.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
15
International Cooperation in Prestigious National<br />
Science Foundation Project<br />
The US NSF project “A CPS Approach to Robot Design", with<br />
Halmstad/CERES and Rice University professor Walid Taha as<br />
principal investigator was granted funding from the National<br />
Science Foundation. Professor Taha's group at Halmstad has<br />
hosted one post-doctoral fellow working on the development<br />
of Acumen, Kevin Atkinson, and also hosted a member of the<br />
"Halmstad Group" NAO robots called Jonson. The development<br />
of Acumen is currently supported by this US NSF project,<br />
base funding from Halmstad University, and a CERES+<br />
project co-funded by the Swedish KK foundation. The NSF<br />
project supports one PhD student, Yingfu Zeng, who graduated<br />
from Halmstad University and started his PhD studies at<br />
Rice in <strong>2012</strong>. Halmstad/CERES is also hosting Prof. Robert<br />
Cartwright from Rice University, who is also involved in leading<br />
the project. Halmstad University has also developed and<br />
offered a Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) course that was first<br />
proposed within and is closely coordinated with this project.<br />
In the summer of 2013, two PhD students from Rice University<br />
will be visiting Halmstad to use Acumen to develop<br />
models of different types of robots representative of the type<br />
of robots developed by Professors O'Malley (Rice) and Ames<br />
(Texas A&M).<br />
More information about the project can be found here: http://<br />
www.effective-modeling.org/p/robot-design.html . Here is a<br />
summary of first year results: http://cps-vo.org/node/5938<br />
CERES at Embedded Conference Scandinavia<br />
As previous year CERES took part in the Embedded Conference<br />
Scandinavia in Stockholm. Hoai Hoang Bengtsson, Zainul-Abdin<br />
and Urban Bilstrup gave appraised talks. At the conference,<br />
held in early October, Halmstad University succeeded<br />
one more time to win the Swedish Embedded Award (student<br />
category), this time with the project “Smartbeat” developed by<br />
Robert Bäckström and Isak Ladeborn.<br />
One of the students, Isak Ladeborn from Halmstad University,<br />
in the winning team at Student Embedded Award, together with<br />
Hans-Erik Eldemark, Halmstad University and Professor em Bengt<br />
Magnhagen in the Competition Committee.<br />
Jonson and Walid Taha<br />
Lorentzon<br />
The winners of Student Embedded Award <strong>2012</strong>,<br />
Robert Bäckström and Isak Ladeborn<br />
Aaron D. Ames<br />
Marcia O’Malley<br />
16 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Ph D Graduation<br />
Situation-Aware Vehicles<br />
Supporting the Next Generation of Cooperative Traffic Systems<br />
KRISTOFFER LIDSTRÖM<br />
PhD thesis, Örebro University<br />
Main supervisor: Tony Larsson (Halmstad University)<br />
Co-supervisors Mathias Broxvall Örebro Universitet<br />
Opponent: Dr. Steven Shladover, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA<br />
Grading Committee: Professor Claes Beckman, Center for Wireless Systems, Royal Institute<br />
of Technology KTH, Kista, Stockholm, Professor Simin Nadjm-Tehrani, Real-Time Systems<br />
lab, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University<br />
Docent Paolo Falcone, Signals and Systems, Chalmers Institute of Technology, Göteborg<br />
Wireless communication between road vehicles enables a range<br />
of cooperative traffic applications including safety, efficiency<br />
and comfort functions. A common characteristic of the envisioned<br />
applications is that they act on environmental information<br />
to intepret traffic situations in order to provide the driver<br />
with warnings or recommendations. In this thesis we explore<br />
both the detection of hazardous traffic situations in order to<br />
provide driver warnings but also the detection of situations in<br />
which the cooperative system itself may fail.<br />
The first theme of this thesis investigates how traffic<br />
safety functions that incorporate cooperatively exchanged<br />
information can be constructed so that they become resilient<br />
to failures in wireless communication. Inspired by how human<br />
drivers coordinate with limited information exchange,<br />
the use of pre-defined models of normative driver behavior is<br />
investigated by successfully predicting driver turning intent at<br />
an intersection using mobility traces extracted from video recordings.<br />
Furthermore a hazardous driving warning criterion<br />
based on model switching behavior is proposed and evaluated<br />
through test drives. Maneuvers classified as hazardous in the<br />
tests, such as swerving between lanes and not braking for traffic<br />
lights, are shown to be correctly detected using the criterion.<br />
Whereas robust coordination mechanisms may mask communication<br />
faults to some degree, severe degradations in communication<br />
are still expected to occur in non-line-of-sight conditions<br />
when using wireless communication at 5.9 GHz.<br />
The second theme of the thesis explores how communication<br />
performance can be efficiently logged, gathered<br />
and aggregated into maps of communication quality. Both innetwork<br />
aggregation as well as centralized aggregation is investigated<br />
using vehicles in the network as measurement probes<br />
and the feasibility of the approach in terms of bandwidth and<br />
storage requirements is shown analytically. In conjunction with<br />
a proposed communication quality requirements format, tailored<br />
specifically for vehicle-to-vehicle applications, such maps<br />
can be used to enable application-level adaptation in response<br />
to situations where quality requirements likely cannot be met.<br />
Dr. Kristoffer Lidström<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
17
Four New Professors<br />
Towards the end of <strong>2012</strong>, four new professors at CERES were appointed:<br />
Tomas Nordström was, by the Faculty Board and the Vice Chancellor, promoted docent and professor and is, from November <strong>2012</strong>,<br />
Professor of Computer Engineering at Halmstad University.<br />
Mohammad Mousavi was recruited as new professor. He comes from TU Eindhoven in the Netherlands and was, by the Vice Chancellor,<br />
appointed professor at Halmstad University in November <strong>2012</strong>. He starts his employment as Professor of Computer Systems<br />
Engineering in March 2013.<br />
Robert “Corky” Cartwright was appointed Guest Professor in Computer Science at Halmstad University. He is professor at Rice<br />
University, TX, USA, and will spend the full year 2013 with CERES at Halmstad University. The visit is funded by The Knowledge<br />
Foundation.<br />
Alexey Vinel was appointed Guest Professor in Real-Time Communication at Halmstad University. He holds a position at Tampere<br />
University of Technology and will be part-time at Halmstad University during 2013 – 2014. The visit is funded by The Knowledge<br />
Foundation.<br />
Robert “Corky” Cartwright<br />
Robert “Corky” Cartwright is Professor of Computer Science at Rice University. He earned a bachelor’s degree magna cum laude<br />
in Applied Mathematics from Harvard College in 1971 and a doctoral degree in Computer Science from Stanford University in<br />
1977 under the supervision of David Luckham and John McCarthy. After serving as an Assistant Professor at Cornell University<br />
from 1976 to 1980, he joined the faculty of Rice University, where he helped found the Computer Science Department in 1984.<br />
He has been a tenured member of the Rice faculty since 1981.<br />
For the past 40 years, Professor Cartwright has conducted fundamental research on the theory, design, and implementation of<br />
programming languages. His early work focused on formalizing functional programs as definitions extending a first order theory<br />
of the program data, enabling proofs of correctness by simple structural induction. He subsequently extended this framework to<br />
encompass higher order data by allowing data constructors to be lazy (non-strict). In the process, he identified the constructive<br />
reals as an interesting case study in higher order data definition and did seminal research (with Hans Boehm) on the definition<br />
and implementation of exact real arithmetic. This line of research culminated in the construction a comprehensive framework<br />
(with M. Felleisen and P.L. Curien) for formalizing the semantics of arbitrary deterministic interactive computations.<br />
In a quest to make program verification more tractable, Prof. Cartwright recognized that many program invariants could be<br />
expressed as types in a sufficiently rich type system. So he suggested enriching type systems beyond the limits that can be enforced<br />
by a compiler and dubbed the resulting type systems “soft type systems”. He and his graduate students developed tractable algorithms<br />
(based on unification) for inferring the correctness of soft typing annotations for functional programs.<br />
More recently, Professor Cartwright’s research has focused on improving the languages and tools used in mainstream software<br />
engineering, notably Java. Together with Guy Steele, he designed an extension of Java called NextGen that supports first-class generics<br />
(classes and methods parameterized by type) while retaining compatibility with the Java Virtual Machine. He is currently<br />
collaborating with Walid Taha on developing better linguistic frameworks built on top of the Java Virtual Machine for specifying<br />
and simulating cyber-physical systems such as robots.<br />
Professor Cartwright has a passionate interest in improving introductory computer science curricula. To this end, he has served<br />
on numerous committees formed by the College Board and the ACM, culminating in his appointment to the ACM Education<br />
Board from 1997 to 2006. At Rice, he led (with Zung Nguyen and Stephen Wong) the development of an object-oriented<br />
programming curriculum based on data-directed design using design patterns. To support this curriculum, he supervised the<br />
development of an open-source pedagogic programming environment called DrJava which has been adopted by many other<br />
colleges and universities.<br />
Throughout his career, Professor Cartwright has been active in professional service including serving on the editorial boards;<br />
serving as general chair, program chair, or program committee member for major research conferences; serving on the ACM<br />
Turing Award Committee; and serving as a member of the Board of Directors of the Computing Research Association. In 1998,<br />
he was elected as a Fellow of the ACM.<br />
18 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Mohammad Mousavi<br />
Mohammad Mousavi (born on July 3, 1978 in Tehran) is a professor of Computer Systems<br />
Engineering and specializes in model-based testing and verification.<br />
Mohammad received his Ph.D. in Computer Science in 2005 from from Eindhoven University<br />
of Technology (TU/e), the Netherlands, under the supervision of Jan Friso Groote<br />
(TU/e) and Gordon Plotkin (Edinburgh). Since then, he has been assistant professor at<br />
the Department of Electrical Engineering at TU/e, postdoctoral researcher at Reykjavik<br />
University, Iceland, assistant and associate professor at the Department of Computer Science<br />
at TU/e.<br />
Mohammad has been involved in several national and European research projects and is<br />
the (co-)author of more than 80 chapters and scientific papers in refereed books, journals<br />
and conference proceedings.<br />
Mohammad has been the guest editor of special issues for Science of Computer Programming<br />
(Elsevier) and Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering (Springer).<br />
Mohammad Mousavi<br />
Tomas Nordström<br />
Tomas Nordström received the M.S.E.E. degree in 1988, the licentiate degree in 1991, and<br />
the Ph.D. degree in 1995, all from Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.<br />
His PhD Thesis “Highly Parallel Computers for Artificial Neural Networks” is linking the<br />
two scientific areas computer engineering and signal processing, between which he has<br />
been moving ever since.<br />
Between 1996 and 1999, he was with Telia Research (the research branch of the Swedish<br />
incumbent telephone operator) where he developed broadband Internet communication<br />
over twisted copper pairs. He also became Telia’s leading expert in speaker verification<br />
during these years. In December 1999, he joined the FTW Telecommunications Research<br />
Center Vienna, Austria, where he has been working as a Key Researcher in the field of<br />
“broadband wireline access.”<br />
In 2009 he got a position as an Associate Professor in computer systems engineering at<br />
Halmstad University (HH), Sweden. At HH he has returned to the area of computer architecture<br />
and his current research interests include all aspects of energy-efficient embedded<br />
computers. Since <strong>2012</strong> he holds a full Professor position in Computer Engineering and is<br />
building up a research group focusing on heterogeneous many-core architectures. Additionally,<br />
he will also be engaged in exploring novel non-conventional computing and communication<br />
concepts, like hierarchical temporal memory, a new machine learning concept,<br />
and the use of nano-communication for wireless network-on-chip communication.<br />
Tomas Nordström<br />
Photo: FTW<br />
Alexey Vinel<br />
Alexey Vinel (born on February 7, 1983 in Leningrad) is a guest professor in data communications<br />
and specializes in intelligent transportation systems and performance evaluation<br />
of wireless networks. Alexey received his Ph.D. degree (candidate of science) in technical<br />
sciences from the Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of<br />
Sciences, Moscow in 2007. He has been a researcher at the Department of Electronics and<br />
Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland since 2010.<br />
Alexey is the (co-)author of scientific papers in recognized journals (e.g. IEEE JSAC, IEEE<br />
TVT, etc.) and conference proceedings. He is a member of organizing (e.g. General Chair<br />
of ITST-2011) and technical committees of many international conferences. He has been<br />
a Senior Member of IEEE and Associate Editor for IEEE Communications Letters since<br />
<strong>2012</strong>. Alexey Vinel<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
19
Extended Abstracts<br />
JUMP - Jump to Manycore Platforms<br />
JUMP - The JUmp to Manycore Platforms<br />
Anders Åhlander (SAAB), Bertil Svensson (HH), Hoai Hoang Bengtsson (HH/SAAB), Per Ericsson (SAAB),<br />
Per-Arne Wiberg (F2M), Suleyman Sava (F2M), and Zain-ul-Abdin (HH)<br />
1 Challenges<br />
Development of advanced embedded signal processing systems,<br />
such as smart phones, multimedia devices, radio base<br />
stations, and radar systems require high performing parallel<br />
computer platform solutions. Although the specific design and<br />
implementation requirements of the different kinds of applications<br />
within this domain are not the same, they share many<br />
functional characteristics and typically require performance-,<br />
cost- and engineering efficient development solutions in order<br />
to be competitive on the commercial market.<br />
The consensus today is that increased parallelism in various<br />
forms is the main way ahead for providing significant performance<br />
improvement in advanced computing systems while<br />
keeping the energy consumption and heat dissipation under<br />
control [1]. Manycore processor architectures offer scalable<br />
parallelism and the performance needed for implementation of<br />
the functionality required in high-end embedded sensor- and<br />
communication systems. However, the increasing programming<br />
complexity of such highly parallel computing technology<br />
will to a large degree affect existing product development and<br />
in particular software development processes. Industry need<br />
to take a jump in terms of re-targeting from existing software<br />
development solutions to solutions compatible with evolving<br />
manycore platforms, i.e., not just one parallel platform but a<br />
sequence of ever more parallel architectures.<br />
The main challenge ahead for industry is how to efficiently<br />
perform the technology shift from current application hardware<br />
platforms to future generations of platforms including<br />
heterogeneous manycore technology. The scientific challenge<br />
is to reconcile two conflicting needs: development productivity<br />
and performance efficiency. Software portability, program<br />
correctness and programmer productivity all demand that programs<br />
are written in a high-level language capable of expressing<br />
application-level parallelism while abstracting away platform<br />
dependent physical parallelism. In contrast, performance efficiency<br />
is traditionally better achieved by developing code tuned<br />
for the specific target hardware. Software development tools<br />
need to bridge this gap.<br />
2 Goals<br />
The overall goal of the project is to investigate and develop<br />
programming and development technologies enabling the efficient<br />
design and programming of highly integrated embedded<br />
manycore systems. This will in particular deal with embedded<br />
signal processing systems where traditional generic processor<br />
architectures and their corresponding programming models are<br />
not efficient enough to meet the required performances and/or<br />
other non-functional system properties. The project will focus<br />
on studying new performance- and energy-efficient manycore<br />
processors and developing new parallel programming tools with<br />
the aims to,<br />
• enable engineering-efficient development and power efficient<br />
implementations,<br />
• support platform independency and hardware/software<br />
scalability, and<br />
• present solutions that can evolve with future manycore<br />
architectures.<br />
A concrete objective in order to demonstrate the approach is<br />
to develop a convenient programming tool for the Adapteva<br />
manycore used in signal processing (radar signal processing and<br />
video encoding).<br />
3 Engagement<br />
3.1 Halmstad University (HH)<br />
HH will focus on (i) investigation of trends in processing architectures<br />
suitable for high-performance embedded signal processing<br />
and, in particular on (ii) investigation of programming<br />
and scheduling tools for scalable, platform independent signal<br />
processing software development on manycore hardware. Important<br />
parts of (ii) are intermediate languages and models of<br />
computation.<br />
3.2 SAAB<br />
SAAB will focus on investigating future trends in application<br />
requirement and how the manycore capability meets the performance<br />
requirements of future signal processing systems. In<br />
particular, SAAB is interested in:<br />
• Scalable, heterogeneous, and reconfigurable parallel architectures<br />
for complex multi-function radar systems.<br />
• Software models, which are scalable and reusable for different<br />
parallel architectures.<br />
• How to minimize the impact on the application’s nonfunctional<br />
behaviour when changing hardware platform.<br />
3.3 Free2move (F2M)<br />
F2M will focus on research questions related to energy efficiency.<br />
F2M’s core interest is handheld or wearable communication<br />
devices for sports and harsh environments. The latest<br />
generation manycore architectures have promising properties.<br />
The programming tool chain is however lagging behind. F2M’s<br />
particular interests are:<br />
• Low power signal processing for voice and video streaming<br />
• Exploration of the mapping of video codecs on the low<br />
power floating-point manycore architecture.<br />
3.4 International Engagement<br />
• The project will have active involvement from Adapteva<br />
Inc., a privately held fabless semiconductor company<br />
based in Lexington, Massachusetts. Adapteva has developed<br />
maybe the world’s most energy efficient manycore<br />
microprocessor and is in the process of scaling this up to<br />
hundreds of processors. The company’s technology thus<br />
offers high performance at very low power, which is exactly<br />
what is asked for by the industrial partners in the<br />
project. Adapteva will supply the project with hardware,<br />
software development tools, and detailed knowledge of the<br />
20 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
characteristics of the architectures. The close contacts with<br />
the company will enable the researchers to get a more accurate<br />
view of the expected up-scaling and other development<br />
of manycore architectures.<br />
• The project will make use of the established connections<br />
with other partners from SMECY project such as Verimag/<br />
UFJ (Universite Joseph Fourier) and open new connection<br />
with other potention partner in Europe: ETH Zurich.<br />
4 Working Plan<br />
The complexity of future embedded manycore systems development<br />
requires an overall strategy establishing a close interaction<br />
between applications, programming models and hardware<br />
architecture platforms. The project is organized into three work<br />
packages:<br />
4.1 WP1. Studies of challenges in future signal processing<br />
applications<br />
An important aspect when it comes to the applications is the<br />
trend, i.e., the way that the requirements increase over time.<br />
We must find application development solutions for manycore<br />
platforms that can manage a continuous increase of the<br />
signal processing requirements. The requirements come from<br />
increased raw performance demands and/or performance per<br />
watt demand, as well as increased functional complexity. The<br />
objective of this WP is to give the application requirements<br />
needed to study how/if many-cores can increase the processor<br />
performance and allow the implementation of new features requested<br />
by future DSP applications. Outcome of this WP can<br />
be used as input for WP2 and WP3.<br />
4.2 WP2. Investigation of potential hardware architectures<br />
for future signal processing applications<br />
The key objective of this work package is to analyze the important<br />
trends in massively parallel processor architectures that<br />
could be used for future embedded signal processing applications.<br />
The investigations in this work package will focus on<br />
identifying the salient characteristics of the selected architectures:<br />
Adapteva, CoherentLogix and ElementCXI.<br />
Partners<br />
Halmstad University (HH)<br />
SAAB AB, business area electronic defence systems (SAAB)<br />
Free2move AB (F2M)<br />
Adapteva, Inc. (AI)<br />
Duration and Financial<br />
The project will run over 2 years (Sept 2011 – August 2013)<br />
Project size: ca 4.5 MSEK or more<br />
HH: 3.0 MSEK (=67%), funded by KKS (CERES+)<br />
SAAB EDS: 900 KSEK (=20%) in kind<br />
F2M: 600 KSEK (13%) in kind<br />
Adapteva: TBD (not counted as matching to KKS)<br />
References<br />
1. K. Asanovic, R. Bodik, B. C. Catanzaro, J. J. Gebis, P.<br />
Husbands, K. Keutzer, D. A. Patterson, W. L. Plishker, J.<br />
Shalf, S. W. Williams and K. A. Yelick, ”The Landscape<br />
of Parallel Computing Research: A View from Berkeley”,<br />
Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2006-183, EECS Department ,<br />
University of California, Berkeley, Dec 18,<br />
2006<br />
2. Yury Markovskiy, Eylon Caspi, Randy Huang, Joseph<br />
Yeh, Michael Chu, John Wawrzynek, and André DeHon,<br />
“Analysis of Quasi-Static Scheduling Techniques in a Virtualized<br />
Reconfigurable Machine”, In Proceedings of the<br />
Tenth ACM International Symposium on Field-Programmable<br />
Gate Arrays (FPGA 2002), Monterey CA, pp. 196-<br />
-205, Feb. 24--26, 2002.<br />
3. J. Eker, J. Janneck, E. A. Lee, J. Liu, X. Liu, J. Ludvig, S.<br />
Sachs, Y. Xiong, “ Taming heterogeneity - the Ptolemy approach”,<br />
Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(1):127-144, January<br />
2003.<br />
4. P. Bourgos, A. Basu, S. Bensalem, K. Huang, J. Sifakis,<br />
Verimag Research Report N0 TR-2011-1, January 2011.<br />
5. W. Haid, K. Huang, I. Bacivarov, and L. Thiele, Multiprocessor<br />
SoC Software Design Flows. IEEE Signal Processing<br />
Magazine, 26(6):64—71, Nov. 2009<br />
4.3 WP3. Methods and Tools for Application Development<br />
on Manycores<br />
In this work package we will investigate tool infrastructure for<br />
DSP software development on manycore processors. We have<br />
chosen one tool chain from SMECY project: DOL/BIP [4],<br />
which was developed at ETH Zurich and Verimag. Inparticular<br />
we focus on using DOL (Distributed Operation Layer) [5] for<br />
modelling signal processing applications and architecture. The<br />
goal of the project is to complete development of the tool flow<br />
from software model to code generation for chosen architecture.<br />
One of the key components to an efficient implementation of<br />
such a tool flow is to make use of suitable and well-defined<br />
parallel models of computation, which capture parallelism and<br />
expose design time predictable execution behaviour.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
21
STAMP - Streaming Applications on Embedded High-Performance Commercial Platforms<br />
Streaming Applications on Embedded High-Performance Commercial Platforms<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin 1 , Bertil Svensson 1 , Hoai Hoang Bengtsson 1<br />
1. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden<br />
STAMP project has sprung out of the successful ELLIIT cooperation ”Flexible embedded platforms for ELLIIT applications” between<br />
LTH/CS, LTH/EIT, LiU/datorteknik, and HH/CERES. The consortium managed to get funding from SSF for a five-year<br />
project within the framework program Electronic and Photonic Systems (project HiPEC – High Performance Embedded Computing,<br />
project leader Kris Kuchcinski). While the HiPEC project has a focus on the design of new hardware architectures and efficient<br />
mapping of applications on these, the proposed project has a focus on the efficient use of architectures that are emerging on the<br />
commercial market at an increasing pace.<br />
The focus in this project is on the efficient use of architectures that are emerging on the commercial market at an increasing pace.<br />
We will develop the necessary methods and tools to complete the design flow, namely compiling and running CAL applications,<br />
targeting these emerging commercial architectures. The project started in <strong>2012</strong> and will continue until 2014.<br />
Introduction & Motivation<br />
The massively parallel processor arrays are customized to<br />
achieve high-performance in the order of tens of GFLOPS at<br />
a very low power budget typically a few watts. It is these properties<br />
that make these architectures very well-suited for implementing<br />
high-performance embedded applications having<br />
regular data streaming patterns. While these massively parallel<br />
and reconfigurable architectures promise to bring the needed<br />
performance and energy efficiency to tomorrow’s industrial<br />
applications, the big challenge is how to program them efficiently<br />
and achieve the necessary portability and scalability.<br />
STAMP Tool-chain<br />
In this project, we intend to propose the necessary methods<br />
(and tools) to complete the design flow, namely compiling<br />
and running CAL applications, targeting these emerging commercial<br />
architectures.<br />
Goals<br />
The overall goals of the project are:<br />
(1)<br />
(2)<br />
to complete the design flow (methodology and tools)<br />
for efficient execution, in terms of performance and energy<br />
consumption, of Cal programs on selected commercial<br />
architectures.<br />
to propose transformations, optimizations, representations,<br />
and runtime-environments that would enable the<br />
best scaling of an implementation across diverse commercial<br />
architectures, obtained from the same initial<br />
specification.<br />
The project does not address general purpose processing;<br />
rather it is oriented towards the needs of high-performance<br />
embedded signal processing applications.<br />
Results so far<br />
1. Intermediate Representation for dataflow programs based<br />
on Actor Machine Model: A machine model for dataflow<br />
actors has been proposed that captures the structure and<br />
logic of selecting and executing the actions comprising the<br />
actor.<br />
2. Translator from CAL actor language into the Intermediate<br />
Representation: A translator has been developed that translates<br />
the CAL actor language to the intermediate representation<br />
of actor machine model.<br />
3. CAL compilation backend to Ambric array of processors: A<br />
prototype backend of CAL compilation framework has been<br />
developed to compile CAL programs to the proprietary languages<br />
of Ambric i.e., aJava and aStruct languages.<br />
22 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
HTM - Hierarchical Temporal Memory on Manycores<br />
HTM - Hierarchical Temporal Memory on Many-cores<br />
T. Nordström, D. Hammerstrom, Zain-ul-Abdin, J. Duracz, and B. Svensson<br />
Centre for Research on Embedded Systems<br />
Introduction<br />
An increasingly important aspect of embedded computing is<br />
the processing and understanding of noisy real world data,<br />
then making decisions and taking timely actions based on these<br />
data. Consequently, various kinds of intelligent computing<br />
structures are being investigated as important building blocks<br />
in embedded system design.<br />
One very promising algorithm is Hierarchical Temporal Memory<br />
(HTM) which is being developed by Numenta, Inc. and<br />
which is already being used in a number of real applications.<br />
Being based on more biological kinds of models, HTM is massively<br />
parallel, but it is also computationally intensive and as<br />
it is integrated into real applications, it is starting to run into<br />
performance limitations. The goal of this CERES project is to<br />
explore suitable hardware support for the acceleration of the<br />
Hierarchical Temporal Memory<br />
HTM Learning<br />
Cortical Learning Algorithm (CLA) is a memory system that<br />
learns sequences of patterns and makes predictions. When an<br />
HTM model is exposed to a stream of data the CLA predicts<br />
what is likely to happen next, similar to how you predict the<br />
next note in a familiar song or the next word someone is likely<br />
to say in a common phrase. In addition, the CLA modifies<br />
its memory with each new record. Thus the HTM models are<br />
continually adapting to reflect the most recent patterns.<br />
Next Steps<br />
As memory is critical in HTM, as in most artificial neural network<br />
models, we will focus our effort on many-core mapping<br />
strategies towards optimizing memory management.<br />
In our cooperation with Portland State University, PSU has<br />
been focusing on FPGA and GPU implementation and HH<br />
on multi-core and Ambric/Adapteva “many-core” style parallelism.<br />
As a next step we hope to compare these different implementations.<br />
Project Key Data<br />
Partners: Halmstad University, Portland State University, Numenta,<br />
Inc., Nethra Imaging, Inc. , and Adapteva, Inc.<br />
Duration: Sep. 2011 – Dec. 2013,<br />
Funding: CERES+ project, Volume: 820 kSEK<br />
Contact: Tomas Nordström, HH<br />
HTM Structure<br />
The HTM-CLA is a highly detailed model of a layer of cells in<br />
the neocortex. In a typical CLA implementation there are 2000<br />
columns of simulated neurons (one per output bit of the spatial<br />
memory structure) and twenty simulated neurons per column,<br />
giving each CLA over 40,000 neurons. Each neuron has dozens<br />
of non-linear dendrite segments and potentially thousands of<br />
synapses.<br />
HTM on Adapteva<br />
Master students Zhou Xi & Luo Yaoyao, have implemented<br />
CLA on our Adapteva development board.<br />
They have investigated how to map HTM-CLA onto Adapteva’s<br />
Epiphany many-core architecture and have been running<br />
experiments to find out the speedup and efficiency of this<br />
HTM mapping onto this many-core architecture. Preliminary<br />
results show an almost perfect scalability when mapping HTM<br />
onto Adapteva.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
23
HIPEC - High Performance Embedded Computing<br />
HIGH-PERFORMANCE EMBEDDED COMPUTING<br />
V. Gaspes 1 , E. Gebrewahid 1 , T. Nordström1, Zain-ul-Abdin 1<br />
1. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden<br />
HiPEC is a project partly financed by SSF, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, in which CERES collaborates with Lund<br />
University and Linköping University. The project started on July 2011 and addresses the development of programmable parallel<br />
platforms for high performance signal processing applications. Two research groups at Lund and Linköping universities address the<br />
development of parallel hardware architectures while CERES and a group at Lund University develop programming languages and<br />
tools for programming these and other commercial parallel architectures.<br />
1. Background and Motivation<br />
Parallelism is the main way to provide significant performance<br />
improvement of embedded systems while keeping energy consumption<br />
low. Streaming applications are good candidates for<br />
parallelization since they are regular and exhibit data parallelism.<br />
Traditionally, ASICs have been designed to implement<br />
specific functionality with high performance and low power<br />
constraints. Recently, coarse-grained reconfigurable array architectures<br />
have been proposed as flexible but still high performance<br />
alternatives. It is therefore expected that a DSP computing<br />
system, increasingly parallel and reconfigurable, will be one<br />
of the dominating parts in OEM equipments in 2020 because<br />
it maximally exposes opportunities of parallelization. In this<br />
project, we address reconfigurable array processor architectures<br />
as well as software tools for their programming. A massively<br />
parallel execution platform with powerful computing nodes<br />
and hierarchical interconnection struc- ture suitable for streaming<br />
applications will be developed and studied. The distinct<br />
features of our software development approach are the use of<br />
the CAL language for programming of these architectures as<br />
well as the development and use of tools for timing and energy<br />
analysis at early design stages. Combining both hardware and<br />
software experts in the same project provides a strong basis for<br />
covering the whole spectrum of this new technology.<br />
2. Problem<br />
Up until recently, the evolution of computing machines was<br />
characterized by an unabated increase in performance. This<br />
progress was in large part due to steady advances in silicon<br />
manufacturing technology, which provided cheaper, smaller,<br />
and faster circuits, and, to some degree due to improvements<br />
in processor ar- chitecture that exploited those advances to create<br />
ever faster processors. This development, however, has considerably<br />
slowed down in the last few years. As a result of these<br />
developments, the computational power of individual processors<br />
is no longer increasing, and consequently the only way to<br />
significantly improve the performance of a computing machine<br />
is to use more processors operating at the same time: the age of<br />
parallelism has finally arrived.<br />
The model of the sequential instruction set computer has been<br />
a very powerful abstraction that brought enormous benefit to<br />
the computing community. This is in stark contrast with the<br />
situation in the world of parallel machines, where no such nearly-universal<br />
machine model exists. There is no common machine<br />
model tying these platforms together, and consequently<br />
there are no common tools, no common languages, and no<br />
common code in the form of applications or libraries. In this<br />
project, we propose to narrow this gap and work on both massively<br />
parallel hardware platform architecture and tools for software<br />
development.<br />
3. Approach<br />
We focus on stream/dataflow computing and related parallel<br />
computing platforms and programming models. In our view,<br />
only a synergy between the hardware platform and the software<br />
paradigm can truly bring forth the benefits of parallelism that<br />
computing strives after today. For this purpose we adopt an<br />
actor based programming paradigm realized in the programming<br />
language CAL and we design and study massively parallel,<br />
hyerarchical and heterogeneous architectures. The CERES<br />
team will focus on tools for mapping programs written in CAL<br />
and on studying forms of organizing the networks that lead to<br />
opportunities to reduce power consumption. Figure 1 exposes<br />
the vision for the design flow using the tools resulting from the<br />
project.<br />
Figure 1: Proposed design flow for mapping CAL applications<br />
onto reconfigurable platforms.<br />
24 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
PARTNERS AND STATUS<br />
Project funding: SSF, Rambidrag Elektronik/Fotonik 2010,<br />
HiPEC: Högpresterande inbyggda system, diarienummer<br />
RE10-0081.<br />
The project started on July 2011. One of the young researchers<br />
left the university and moved to industry. One of the PhD students<br />
abandoned her studies due to her personal situation. One<br />
project addressing the use of similar methods but addressing<br />
commercial architectures has started as a collaboration between<br />
Lund and CERES.<br />
The project leader is Krzysztof Kuchcinski. Veronica Gaspes is<br />
coordinator for the CERES group.<br />
Results from the project will form part of the PhD theses of<br />
Essayas Gebrewahid (admitted at Halmstad University in the<br />
fall of 2011) and of a new PhD student that is being recruited<br />
during January 2013 to replace a PhD student that had to interrupt<br />
her studies.<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
[1] Zain-ul-Abdin, B. Svensson, “Occam-pi for programming<br />
of massively parallel reconfigurable architectures”, International<br />
Journal of Reconfigurable Computing, Vol. <strong>2012</strong>, Article ID<br />
504815, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
[2] Zain-ul-Abdin, E. Gebrewahid, B. Svensson, “Managing<br />
dynamic reconfiguration for fault-tolerance on a manycore architecture”,<br />
accepted for Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop,<br />
part of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and<br />
Systems, May <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
25
SMECY - Smart multicore embedded systems<br />
SMECY - Smart Multicore Embedded Systems<br />
T. Nordström, J. Bengtsson, Zain-ul-Abdin, H. Hoang Bengtsson, E. Gebrewahid, and B. Svensson<br />
Centre for Research on Embedded Systems<br />
Introduction<br />
One of the grand challenges with multicore technology is to<br />
develop efficient design and development tools for multicore<br />
architectures for various resource-constrained embedded system<br />
applications, such as wireless communication and radar.<br />
The mission of the SMECY project is to develop new system<br />
design and development technologies enabling the exploitation<br />
of many (100s) core architectures.<br />
Applications<br />
The two main applications we at HH are looking at are:<br />
- Radar, mainly Digital Beam Forming (DBF) as part<br />
of AESA (Active Electronic Scanned Array) signal processing,<br />
done in collaboration with SAAB<br />
- Mobile Video and Wireless Transmission, done in<br />
collaboration with Free2Move<br />
Platforms<br />
At HH we have been focusing on the P<strong>2012</strong> architecture from<br />
STMicroelectronics, which is a many-core architecture that, in<br />
its first incarnation, will have 4 clusters with 16 cores each.<br />
Hardware<br />
We are currently exploring ways to best introduce heterogeneity<br />
into the P<strong>2012</strong> architecture, as separate HW accelerators or<br />
as part of the many-core processors.<br />
Software<br />
HAMMER tool-chain<br />
We have developed the HAMMER tool, which is an actororiented<br />
programming front-end for DSP kernels.<br />
The HAMMER tool provides techniques for dynamic analysis<br />
of non-functional execution properties of many-core programs.<br />
HAMMER relies on the PAR4ALL backend to enable<br />
compilation to the P<strong>2012</strong> platform.<br />
Occam-pi tool-chain<br />
By using the mobility features of the occam-pi language we<br />
have provided language-based abstractions enabling dynamic<br />
resource management in the P<strong>2012</strong> platform. We have also<br />
implemented an occam-pi compiler back-end to generate native<br />
programming model code for the P<strong>2012</strong> platform. With<br />
occam-pi we got up to a six-fold reduction in lines-of-code<br />
compared to the native programming model (NPM) implementation<br />
provided by STM. We, furthermore, got a 50% reduction<br />
in application accumulated execution time.<br />
Publications<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, E. Gebrewahid, and B. Svensson, ”Managing<br />
Dynamic Reconfiguration for Fault-tolerance on a Manycore<br />
Architecture”, RAW <strong>2012</strong> held in conjunction with 26th Annual<br />
Int. Parallel & Distributed Processing Symp. (IPDPS<br />
<strong>2012</strong>), May 21-22, Shanghai, China, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Zain-Ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson, “Occam-pi for programming<br />
of massively parallel reconfigurable architectures”, International<br />
Journal of Reconfigurable Computing, vol. <strong>2012</strong>, Article ID<br />
504815, <strong>2012</strong>. 17 pages.<br />
E. Gebrewahid, Zain-ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson, ”Mapping<br />
Occam-Pi Programs to a Manycore Architecture”, Presented at<br />
MCC’11, Linköping, Sweden, Nov. 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, “Programming of Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable<br />
Architectures,” Ph.D. Thesis, May 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin and B. Svensson, “Occam-pi as a high-level<br />
language for coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures”.<br />
Proceedings of the 18th International Reconfigurable Architectures<br />
Workshop (RAW'2011) in conjunction with International<br />
Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IP-<br />
DPS'2011), 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, A. Åhlander, and B. Svensson, “Programming<br />
real-time autofocus on a massively parallel reconfigurable architecture<br />
using Occam-pi,” Proceedings of the 19th Annual<br />
IEEE International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom<br />
Computing Machines (FCCM'2011), 2011.<br />
Bengtsson J., “Intermediate representations for simulation and<br />
implementation,” in Handbook of Signal processing systems,<br />
1st ed., Bhattacharyya, S.S., E.F. Deprettere, R. Leupers and<br />
J. Takala, Springer, Aug. 29, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-4419-6344-4<br />
Project Key Data<br />
HH People: Tomas Nordström (coordinator since summer<br />
<strong>2012</strong>), Jerker Bengtsson, Zain-ul-Abdin, Essayas Gebrewahid,<br />
Bertil Svensson, Hoai Hoang Bengtsson<br />
Partners: Halmstad University, Free2Move, Realtime Embedded,<br />
Saab, STMicroelectronics, and 22 more partners from<br />
nine countries<br />
Duration: Feb. 2010 – Jan. 2013,<br />
Funding: EU, ARTEMIS programme, Volume: 20.4 M€.<br />
Web: http://smecy.eu/<br />
26 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Acumen+: Core Enabling Technology for Acumen<br />
Acumen+: Core Enabling Technology for Acumen<br />
Walid Taha, Veronica Gaspes, Jerker Bengtsson<br />
Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES),<br />
Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.<br />
Introduction<br />
We are developing a modeling and simulation language design<br />
called Acumen around the thesis that, for a variety of reasons<br />
mathematics is the right formalism for describing many cyberphysical<br />
systems. Two key hypotheses underlying this thesis are<br />
that<br />
• Precise modeling is essential for meaningful experimentation,<br />
analysis, and verification and<br />
• Mathematical models are more amenable to parallel simulation<br />
than efficient codes.<br />
For the Acumen research program to take off, and to develop<br />
more traditional research funding proposals, attaining some<br />
preliminary results along these two dimensions is of crucial importance.<br />
To this end, we propose a two year activity that will<br />
develop Acumen along two dimensions that will allow us to<br />
accumulate a wide range of preliminary results that would form<br />
a solid basis for pursuing funding from a wide range of sources<br />
beyond CERES and the KK foundation. The proposed project<br />
also includes a component on developing international connections<br />
both in terms of software development and in terms<br />
of teaching a course on the results of the project internationally.<br />
[1]<br />
[2]<br />
[3]<br />
[4]<br />
[5)<br />
[6]<br />
[7)<br />
References<br />
The Acumen Distribution at www.acumen-language.org.<br />
Mathematical Equations as Executable Models, Yun Zhu,<br />
Edwin Westbrook, Jun Inoue, Alexandre Chapoutot,<br />
Cherif Salama, Marisa Peralta, Travis Martin, Walid Taha,<br />
Marcia O’Malley, Robert Cartwright, Aaron Ames, Raktim<br />
Bhattacharya, The First International ACM/IEE Conference<br />
on Cyber Physical Systems (ICCPS’10), Stockholm,<br />
2010.<br />
In Pursuit of Real Answers, Angela Yun Zhu, Walid Taha,<br />
Robert Cartwright, Matthieu Martel, Jeremy G. Siek, International<br />
Conference on Embedded Software and Systems<br />
(ICESS’09), Hangzhou, 2009.<br />
“Globally Parallel, Locally Sequential”, Paul Brauner and<br />
Walid Taha, International Workshop on Parallel/High-<br />
Performance Object-Oriented Scientific Computing (PO-<br />
OSC'10), Las Vegas, 2010.<br />
Differential dynamic logic for hybrid systems, Andre<br />
Platzer, Journal of Automated Reasoning, 2008 - Springer.<br />
The Ambric, Wikipedia Article.<br />
A new representation for exact real numbers, A Edalat,<br />
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 1997<br />
- Elsevier.<br />
Research Questions<br />
The overarching question behind this research is whether simulation<br />
technologies can be relied on for early experimentation<br />
with novel designs of embedded and cooperative systems. This<br />
general question gives rise to important technical questions,<br />
including:<br />
• Are there effective and efficient methods for detecting numerical<br />
precision errors?<br />
• Are there ways to effectively and efficiently compute with<br />
variable precision representations?<br />
• Are there ways to unify the diverse methods available from<br />
numerical computation, starting from integration to more<br />
sophisticated operations?<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
27
MaC2WiN – Management Challenges in Cognitive Wireless Networks<br />
Management Challenges in Cognitive Wireless Networks<br />
(MaC 2 WiN)<br />
U. Bilstrup 1 , H. Åkermark 2 , M. Parsapoor<br />
1. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden<br />
2. Security and Defense Solutions, Saab, SE-581 11 Linköping, Sweden<br />
Abstract – In this project a cognitive radio network management system architecture is proposed and evaluated in the context of network<br />
and spectrum management of next generation military tactical communication system. The emphasis is on proposing a cognitive<br />
engine especially considering features like: capabilities for local processing of goals, monitoring of the local environment, reaction to<br />
contextual events by self-configuration and information propagation for interactions with and between components and network elements,<br />
objective functions and their interrelations to measuring and control parameters.<br />
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
_<br />
1. Background and Motivation<br />
Today the context of a modern military operation can<br />
span from small special unit operations to large<br />
multinational military endowers. It include: humanitarian<br />
relief, peace support, restoration of administrative control,<br />
regional and interstate conflict and defense of national<br />
territory. To support this large mission spectrum it<br />
requires that a force has “tactical agility” [1], i.e. is able to<br />
quickly comprehend unfamiliar situations, creatively<br />
apply doctrine, and make timely decisions. The agility<br />
requirement is a result of the transformation of the modus<br />
operandi of the industrial age cold war era doctrine<br />
towards an information age asymmetric warfare doctrine.<br />
As consequence, the traditional military command and<br />
control (C2) structure is changing from a hierarchical<br />
platform centric view to a network centric view. In the<br />
traditional platform centric view “the ability to engage a<br />
target normally resides on the weapons system” [2]. In a<br />
network centric view a target can be sensed by any sensor<br />
(on any platform) and that target data can be sent through<br />
the battlefield wide network to the most appropriate<br />
shooter to engage the target. It should be noted that<br />
control is still essential and that fundamental elements of<br />
command and control (C2) are still valid, e.g. it is better<br />
to act then react and to dictate time, place and purpose,<br />
scope and peace of operation. It is obvious that these<br />
abilities inherently require situation awareness, speed of<br />
command, and responsiveness. From a communication<br />
system perspective the network centric view introduces<br />
some differences from the traditional tactical<br />
communication architecture: the information flows is not<br />
following the chain of command, patterns of interaction is<br />
less constrained, roles and responsibilities are change<br />
appropriately to the state of the operation, and one size<br />
does not fit all. These requirements demand for a<br />
communication infrastructure that is highly mobile and<br />
adaptive to the context of operation. Furthermore, the<br />
requirement of situation awareness requires more<br />
bandwidth at the tactical edge of the communication<br />
system. Considering the heterogeneous set of systems of<br />
systems that is interacting in such infrastructure of<br />
networks of networks, the configuration, management and<br />
optimization is not a trivial problem.<br />
2. Problem<br />
The communications field is continuously undergoing<br />
technical changes where new capabilities are added to<br />
increase efficiency, decrease costs or add value in some<br />
other performance dimension. Two of these technical<br />
changes are the development of more general radio<br />
architectures with a separation of functionality into<br />
general hardware and extensible software (SDR, Software<br />
Defined Radio), and cognitive radio (CR) technology<br />
where radio platforms are allowed to adaptively seek out<br />
and use an unoccupied part of the electromagnetic<br />
spectrum. Together, SDR and CR technologies are<br />
expected to bring a number of benefits to wireless<br />
network operation for several different wireless<br />
networking environments. Depending on the application,<br />
such wireless networks can also be expected to add<br />
several challenges compared to other wireless network<br />
environments:<br />
• A wide range of operating conditions: Where<br />
cellular networks can be designed and<br />
provisioned to support of given set of services<br />
within a known area, ad hoc networks are often<br />
asked to support (through configuration and<br />
adaptive mechanisms) a wide range of different<br />
operating conditions with various mobility<br />
patterns, network densities and traffic patterns.<br />
• Operation and internetworking in heterogeneous<br />
network environments: MANETs (Mobile Adhoc<br />
NETworks) can be expected to be deployed<br />
and used in a manner where services are<br />
expected to traverse over a number of different<br />
wired or wireless networks.<br />
• User and service differentiation: Due to the<br />
bandwidth constraints and high variability,<br />
MANETs can be expected to encounter<br />
28 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
comparatively more frequent instances where<br />
there is a negative mismatch between demands<br />
for and supply of communication resources. It is<br />
expected that resources can be allocated in a<br />
manner where some users and services, that have<br />
been identified as particularly important,<br />
experience less service disruptions in these<br />
situations.<br />
Traditional network management systems are based on<br />
a manager-agent architecture where each network element<br />
contains an agent that provides software component<br />
interfaces, which allow for remote configuration and<br />
extraction of variables. A centralized manager<br />
periodically polls the agent of a network element to get or<br />
set a value of different variables’. An agent of a network<br />
element can also asynchronously send a message to the<br />
manager, e.g. reporting the occurrence of a fault.<br />
Traditional network management systems are managed<br />
manually by a network system operator via some<br />
graphical interface. The wireless networking<br />
environments that are of primary interest in this research<br />
project, characterized by the properties described earlier,<br />
bring several added challenges to traditional, centralized<br />
network management paradigms. Such traditional<br />
network management paradigms often rely on centralized<br />
and human-controlled management decisions propagated<br />
to network elements, which are clearly not adequate as a<br />
centralized entity can never be expected to have and<br />
analyze the network state information that is necessary to<br />
make informed network management decisions. This<br />
proposed research primarily addresses two management<br />
aspects, performance management and security<br />
management, coupled to a support tool that is used during<br />
the provisioning, operation and evaluation of a cognitive<br />
network on a per-mission basis. We will here and in the<br />
following research areas use the term Cognitive Network<br />
Management System as an abstraction for this software<br />
tool.<br />
3. Goal<br />
The goal is to give an architectural description of a<br />
cognitive radio network management system in the<br />
context of network and spectrum management of next<br />
generation military tactical communication system. The<br />
main capabilities that are focused on are: simplify and<br />
shorten the mission preparation and configuration phases<br />
for national and multi-national deployments of tactical<br />
networks, improve tactical network performance by<br />
enabling dynamic spectrum and network management,<br />
and improve spectrum utility to maximize the use of<br />
military spectrum allocations. Some identified important<br />
aspects are: security aspects of cognitive network<br />
management, capabilities for local processing of goals,<br />
monitoring of the local environment, reaction to<br />
contextual events by self-configuration and information<br />
propagation for interactions with and between CNMS<br />
components and network elements, objective functions<br />
and their interrelations to measuring and control<br />
parameters. As a reference point for describing the<br />
architecture a waveform is described and analyzed from<br />
the perspective of measures, control parameters, behavior,<br />
and their relation to objective functions and mission based<br />
utility. Identification of important parameters, their<br />
behavior and relations are conducted by smaller<br />
simulation (small world isolation) and implementation<br />
studies included in the project. The approach for<br />
designing these experiments is based on requirement<br />
extraction from available scenarios and user cases. The<br />
main focus is directed towards the goal of indentifying a<br />
feasible architecture for cognitive network management<br />
system, i.e. its structural design and its behavior..<br />
4. Accomplishments<br />
The proposed system architecture is a multi-tier structure,<br />
where individual tiers can operate autonomous without<br />
overlaying tiers. These tiers reflect the horizontal structure<br />
in a network of networks. It includes everything from<br />
individual parameters of a protocol executing on a<br />
platform to higher level policy respiratory. The<br />
management interfaces, figure 1, towards the waveform is<br />
inherited from architecture derived in the ARAGORN<br />
project [3]. The low level control and learning, blue box<br />
in figure 1, is representing all algorithms that control and<br />
optimize the operation of the system in short term. It is a<br />
very big challenge to truly understand all these control<br />
parameters in waveform, how they are dependent on each<br />
other and their time constant. In order to get a better<br />
understanding of such control parameters, mechanisms,<br />
and their behavior the project especially have looked at<br />
evolutionary algorithms for resource assignment [4]-[6]<br />
(typically NP hard problems), were algorithmic stability<br />
(robustness), algorithmic convergence and time<br />
complexity especially been studied for centralized<br />
algorithms. The next step is to look at the same algorithms<br />
with decentralized implementation.<br />
Figure 1. Functional modules and interfaces.<br />
Furthermore, to understand and to be able to model the<br />
behavior of the mechanisms a theoretical benchmark<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
29
waveform is under construction [7]. The main objective<br />
for this part of the project is to identify important<br />
parameters, their time constants and their<br />
interdependencies.<br />
The working hypothesis for high level reasoning and<br />
learning (the core of a cognitive engine) is to apply a new<br />
cognitive model based on emotional learning. The<br />
proposed cognitive model is based on the function and the<br />
anatomical structure of the human emotional system,<br />
figure 2. The function of the emotional system is to<br />
control basic instincts like: aggression, fear, laughter,<br />
sexual arousal etc. In the proposed model the structural<br />
sub parts, figure 2, mimic the limbic system regions [8] in<br />
the human brain including: thalamus, sensory cortex,<br />
amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. The connections<br />
between these sub parts are similar to the structure of<br />
those regions of the limbic system of a human brain that<br />
have a role in emotional learning.<br />
Figure 2. Structural model of emotional learning.<br />
Developing an artificial cognitive model for high level<br />
reasoning and learning is a challenge since it must provide<br />
four capabilities: decision, prediction, control and,<br />
optimization. The focus has so far been to evaluate the<br />
prediction capability of the proposed computational<br />
model of emotional learning. Especially, evaluating its<br />
capability of predicting stochastic time series [9]-[10],<br />
this unfortunately is a very common parameter context<br />
that a network management system has to operate within.<br />
For the evaluation of the prediction capability of the<br />
cognitive model as well artificial stochastic time series as<br />
natural stochastic time series have been used, Lorenz time<br />
series, Henon time series and sun spot time series,<br />
respectively.<br />
The graph in figure 3 displays the monthly smoothed<br />
sunspot number from 1976 to 1996 both the real value<br />
and the value predicted 6 month ahead by using a<br />
proposed implementation of emotional learning model<br />
[10].<br />
Figure 3. The real and predicted values of smoothed monthly<br />
sunspots from January 1976 to April 1996 using BELFIS.<br />
References<br />
[1]S. R. Atkinsson and J. Moffat, The Agile Organization – From<br />
informal networks to complex effects and agility, Command and Control<br />
Research Program (CCRP) publishing series, 2005.<br />
[2] M. J. Ryan an d M. R. Frater, Tactical Communication for the<br />
Digitized Battlefield, Artech House, 2002.<br />
[3]ARAGORN homepage: http://www.ict-aragorn.eu/<br />
[4] M. Parsapoor, U. Bilstrup, " Using the grouping genetic algorithm<br />
(GGA) for channel assignment in a cluster-based mobile ad hoc network<br />
," in proceedings of the 8th Swedish National Computer Networking<br />
Workshop. SNCNW <strong>2012</strong>, June, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
[5] M. Parsapoor and U. Bilstrup, "Imperialist Competition Algorithm<br />
for DSA in Cognitive Radio Networks," in proceedings of 8th<br />
International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and<br />
Mobile Computing, WiCOM <strong>2012</strong>, Shanghai, China September, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
[6] M. Parsapoor and U. Bilstrup, “Merging ant colony optimization<br />
based clustering and an imperialist competitive algorithm for spectrum<br />
management of a cognitive mobile ad hoc network,” in proceedings of<br />
The Wireless Innovation Forum Conference on Communications<br />
Technologies and Software Defined Radio, SDR-WInnComm 2013,<br />
Wahington D.C., U.S. January 2013.<br />
[7] K. Kunert, M. Jonsson and U. Bilstrup, “Deterministic real-time<br />
medium access for cognitive industrial radio networks,” in Proceedings<br />
of the 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication<br />
Systems, WFCS <strong>2012</strong>, Lemgo, Germany, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
[8] M.S. Gazzaniga, R. B. Ivry and G.S. Mangun, Cognitive<br />
Neuroscience – The Biologu of the Mind, 3 ed ., W. W. Norton &<br />
Company, 2009.<br />
[9] M. Parsapoor and U. Bilstrup, " Neuro-Fuzzy Models, BELRFS and<br />
LOLIMOT, for Prediction of Chaotic Time Series," in proceedings of<br />
the International Symposium on INnovations in Intelligent SysTems and<br />
Applications, INISTA <strong>2012</strong>, Trabzon, Turkey, July, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
[10] M. Parsapoor and U. Bilstrup, “Brain Emotional Learning Based<br />
Fuzzy Inference System (BELFIS) for Solar Activity Forecasting,” in<br />
proceedings of 24 th IEEE International Conference on Tools with<br />
Artificial Intelligence, ICTAI <strong>2012</strong>, Athens, Greece November, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
______________________________________________<br />
PARTNERS AND STATUS<br />
Funding: CERES+, KK-Foundation<br />
Partners: Saab Security and Defense Solutions<br />
Project period: January <strong>2012</strong> – December 2013.<br />
Project members: Urban Bilstrup, Hans Åkermark,<br />
Mahboobeh Parsapoor, Kristina Kunnert<br />
Project leader: Urban Bilstrup<br />
______________________________________________<br />
30 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
WisCon - Wireless sensor concept node<br />
WiSCoN – WIRELESS SENSOR CONCEPT NODE<br />
P. Enoksson 1 , B. Fliesberg 2 , E. Johansson 3 , M. Jonsson 4 , K. Kunert 4 , and M. Öhman 3<br />
1. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden<br />
2. Volvo 3P, Gothenburg, Sweden<br />
3. Volvo Technology Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden<br />
4. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES), Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden<br />
The objective of the project is to explore and show the concrete benefits and potential of self-sustaining wireless sensors and<br />
to understand their limitations. The scope of the project includes not only wireless communication, but also aspects related to<br />
energy supply and storage. The intention is to build a wireless-sensor concept node that can be used to realistically assess the<br />
feasibility of self-sustaining wireless sensors from an industrialization viewpoint.<br />
1. Background and Motivation<br />
In today’s advanced and complex vehicles systems, sensors<br />
are key components, acting as sources of much of the data<br />
that is required input into a large number of complex invehicle<br />
control functions. Typically, the sensors’ power<br />
supply, as well as the data exchange, is realized with<br />
standard wiring. A reduction or elimination of sensor<br />
wiring will allow for a reduction of material cost, product<br />
weight (leading to better fuel economy), and issues with the<br />
wiring harness quality. It will also enable new concepts that<br />
are infeasible today due to limitations set by the wiring<br />
harness (routing and packaging issues, placement of<br />
moving parts, etc.).<br />
The purpose of this project is to build a knowledge base<br />
covering the technology behind self-sustaining wireless<br />
sensors in vehicles. The goal is to realistically assess the<br />
feasibility of wireless sensors from an industrialization<br />
viewpoint.<br />
We aim at developing a wireless-sensor concept node for<br />
studying and evaluating various concepts and technologies<br />
needed for wireless sensors for automotive applications,<br />
including energy supply, communication technologies, and<br />
power management. The overall goal is to explore and<br />
show the concrete benefits and potential of self-sustaining<br />
wireless sensors and also to understand its limitations.<br />
Some of the prospective benefits of wireless sensors in<br />
automotive applications include:<br />
Reduction of product cost by elimination of wiring<br />
harness and connectors<br />
Increased quality by removing sources of failures<br />
related to wiring and connectors<br />
Reduction of manufacturing and aftermarket costs by<br />
reducing the installation and replacement time for<br />
sensors<br />
Reduction of wiring harness variants (→ simpler<br />
variant handling → lower development and product<br />
cost)<br />
Possibility to place sensors where it is infeasible to<br />
have wired sensors (such as moving and sealed parts)<br />
2. Approach<br />
In order to achieve the vision of self-sustaining wireless<br />
sensors, it is necessary to achieve a good level of maturity<br />
in a number of technologies, such as energy harvesting,<br />
local energy storage, wireless energy distribution, lowpower<br />
sensor technologies, and short-range wireless<br />
communication.<br />
Local energy storage<br />
Energy storage can be dimensioned to carry energy for<br />
short time intervals (as a container for locally generated<br />
energy), or for long time intervals (service period or<br />
lifetime of a vehicle). Possible short-time storage<br />
technologies include, e.g., rechargeable batteries (NiMh,<br />
LiIon, etc.) or small supercaps. For long-time storage nonrechargeable<br />
battery technologies are a possibility.<br />
Energy harvesting devices<br />
MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) based energy<br />
harvesting devices can generate energy in the µW range<br />
from vibrations. In most cases this is too low for powering<br />
sensors, but combined with efficient energy storage, a<br />
complete system can be built.<br />
Low power sensors<br />
Ultra-low power sensors available on the market together<br />
with proper energy management make it possible to lower<br />
the energy consumption of a sensor node so it can be<br />
powered by an energy scavenger.<br />
Short range wireless digital communication<br />
Communication between the sensor nodes need to be<br />
energy efficient. Quality of service issues need to be<br />
addressed, and frequency and modulation must be chosen<br />
correctly in order to increase the probability of signals<br />
reaching the receivers in a space full of metallic structures.<br />
Partners and Status<br />
Academic partner: Chalmers University of Technology<br />
Industrial partner: Volvo Technology Corporation<br />
Project funding: Funded by VINNOVA through the FFI –<br />
Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation program<br />
(Vehicle Development collaboration program)<br />
Project volume: 5.24 MSEK (HH share: 0.35 MSEK)<br />
Duration: January 1, 2011 – December 31, 2013.<br />
Project leader: Mikaela Öhman, Volvo Technology<br />
Corporation<br />
Participating researchers at CERES: Dr Kristina Kunert,<br />
Prof. Magnus Jonsson<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
31
VehicleNets – Dependable Real-Time Services in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks<br />
VehicleNets – Dependable Real-Time Services in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks<br />
Annette Böhm 1 , Le-Nam Hoang 1 , Magnus Jonsson 1 , Kristina Kunert 1 , Tony Larsson 1 ,<br />
Katrin Sjöberg 2 , Lars Strandén 3 , Elisabeth Uhemann 1 , Alexey Vinel 1,4 , and Hossein Zakizadeh 2<br />
1. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems, Halmstad University; 2. Volvo Technology Corporation;<br />
3. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden; 4. Tampere University of Technology<br />
In this project, we investigate how to improve the communication support in cooperative traffic safety and traffic efficiency<br />
applications. Especially, we investigate wireless ad hoc networks carrying data traffic having concurrent requirements on<br />
reliability and real-time performance. The aim is to increase the performance of the communication systems used by these<br />
applications by tailoring the deployed protocols to the specific communication requirements, operating conditions and system<br />
constraints.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
communication requirements and data traffic models<br />
1. Background and Motivation<br />
derived from the application layer are used to influence<br />
the lower layers of the protocol stack, at the same time as<br />
the operating conditions such as current channel<br />
conditions and interference situation determine the<br />
content and type of future data traffic. This implies that<br />
the realization must not only support the current<br />
requirements and conditions, but also be able to adapt<br />
during runtime to cope with the dynamic nature of<br />
vehicular ad hoc networks.<br />
Many emerging applications enabled by wireless ad hoc<br />
networks have concurrent requirements on reliable and<br />
time-critical (real-time) communication. A typical<br />
example of such an emerging application area is traffic<br />
safety systems. This project aims to increase the<br />
performance of the communication systems used by these<br />
applications by tailoring the deployed protocols to the<br />
specific communication requirements, operating<br />
conditions and system constraints.<br />
2. Project Goals<br />
The overall project goal of this two-year project is to<br />
provide design guidelines for low complexity<br />
communication systems tailored to the requirements and<br />
conditions encountered in vehicular ad hoc networks. The<br />
communication systems should give the best possible<br />
performance under given constraints, and allow trading<br />
off used resources against achievable performance for<br />
varying operating conditions. Typical constraints are<br />
complexity, upper bounded delay in terms of real-time<br />
deadlines and limited network-induced interference to<br />
enable fairness and scalability in decentralized ad hoc<br />
networks. The considered performance metrics are<br />
derived from emerging traffic safety applications and<br />
include spectral efficiency, outage probability, network<br />
fairness and deadline miss ratio. In this context two<br />
example applications are considered: platooning and<br />
emergent approaching vehicles.<br />
One goal is to investigate how 802.11p, the new standard<br />
for short to medium range vehicular communication,<br />
performs in the targeted type scenario and to compare<br />
802.11p to own solutions in terms of real-time<br />
performance and reliability.<br />
3. Approach<br />
To approach theoretical limits for reliable<br />
communications with practical receiver complexity while<br />
utilizing the scarce radio spectrum as efficiently as<br />
possible, cross-layer design of cooperative<br />
communication strategies is adopted. This implies that<br />
As the communication environment encountered in<br />
vehicular networks is highly dynamic, it is necessary to<br />
make the communication protocols at all layers context<br />
aware. The qualitative communication requirements<br />
imposed by the applications must be connected to the<br />
current channel conditions in a given area. By using<br />
information from onboard sensors like radar, lidar, and<br />
cameras, as well as knowledge about sensor readings of<br />
surrounding vehicles, a better picture of the surroundings<br />
and the radio environment can be obtained. By relating<br />
the requirements from the applications to kinematic and<br />
specific traffic situations, more dependable services can<br />
be developed with, e.g., graceful degradation in case of<br />
communication outage.<br />
The data traffic models and the communication<br />
requirements are also used to derive performance metrics,<br />
which could be of a traditional sort, such as spectral<br />
efficiency, reliability and throughput, but also metrics<br />
from emerging applications such as outage probability,<br />
network fairness, deadline miss ratio and energy<br />
efficiency should be considered. Next, the performance<br />
goals together with the operating conditions and particular<br />
constraints on complexity, hardware or software will<br />
determine the chosen realization. The different tools used<br />
for realization in this project include cooperative coding<br />
and diversity, iterative signal processing algorithms,<br />
incremental redundancy, relaying, network coding,<br />
routing, scheduling and medium access methods.<br />
4. Results (so far)<br />
A study of how to adapt the CAM (periodically<br />
broadcasted status messages) report rate to the<br />
potentially low road traffic density of a rural road has<br />
been performed. By making use of the priority levels<br />
32 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
provided by the 802.11p quality of service mechanism,<br />
we showed that hazards can be detected earlier and the<br />
available bandwidth is used more efficiently, while still<br />
not over-exploiting the network resources.<br />
Two technical reports (TR) [ETSI 2011] [ETSI <strong>2012</strong>]<br />
have been handed in to ETSI about time-slotted<br />
medium access control (MAC) methods for vehicular<br />
communications. ETSI had funded the work with the<br />
two TRs in a so-called specialist task force (STF), but<br />
the work is highly connected to the VehicleNets project.<br />
The dissemination of event-triggered warning messages<br />
(DENM) within a platoon of vehicles, together with<br />
CAM messages, has been studied. We have evaluated<br />
the effect of adaptive send rates, priority schemes and<br />
message dissemination models on the dissemination<br />
delay of warning messages within the platoon and on<br />
the successful exchange of periodic status updates.<br />
A method to increase the reliability of Road Side Unit<br />
(RSU) based communication by incorporating a realtime<br />
retransmissions scheme has been developed. The<br />
RSU is responsible for the scheduling. Simulation<br />
results show that significant improvements of the<br />
reliability can be obtained, especially when the number<br />
of vehicles communicating is limited.<br />
The methods for reliable RSU based real-time<br />
communication has been adapted and evaluated for the<br />
platooning scenario. The performance for, e.g., different<br />
platoon sizes has been evaluated and the results are<br />
promising.<br />
An analytical model to evaluate the CAM<br />
transmissions, which accounts for frequent periodic<br />
updates of broadcasted data and IEEE 802.11p<br />
prioritized channel access with multichannel-related<br />
phenomena under various link quality conditions, has<br />
been developed.<br />
Joint work has been initiated with Lund University to<br />
determine how shadowing and hidden terminals affect<br />
the MAC method.<br />
An initial study on the adaptation of the physical layer<br />
in IEEE 802.11p has been made.<br />
An initial study of city safety and the role of wireless ad<br />
hoc networks has been made.<br />
PARTNERS AND STATUS<br />
The project is funded by the Knowledge Foundation<br />
(through the CERES profile+). Moreover, the project is<br />
funded by SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden and<br />
Volvo Technology Corporation in the form of, e.g.<br />
manpower.<br />
Project leader: Magnus Jonsson.<br />
Project duration: formally <strong>2012</strong>-2013, but in practice the<br />
project started in 2011.<br />
PUBLICATIONS & <strong>REPORT</strong>S (SO FAR)<br />
Böhm, A., M. Jonsson, E. Uhlemann, “Adaptive cooperative<br />
awareness messaging for enhanced overtaking assistance on<br />
rural roads,” Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference<br />
(VTC Fall), San Francisco, CA, USA, Sept. 2011.<br />
Campolo, C., A. Molinaro, A. Vinel, and Y. Zhang “Modeling<br />
prioritized broadcasting in multichannel vehicular networks,”<br />
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 2, pp.<br />
687-701, Feb. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
“Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Performance Evaluation of<br />
Self-Organizing TDMA as Medium Access Control Method<br />
Applied to ITS; Access Layer Part,” ETSI TR 102 862 V1.1.1,<br />
ETSI, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
“Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); STDMA recommended<br />
parameters and settings for cooperative ITS; Access Layer Part,”<br />
ETSI TR 102 861 V1.1.1, ETSI, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France,<br />
<strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Jonsson, M., K. Kunert, and A. Böhm, “Increased<br />
communication reliability for delay-sensitive platooning<br />
applications on top of IEEE 802.11p,” M. Berbineau et al.<br />
(Eds.): Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2013, LNCS 7865, Springer-<br />
Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 121-135, 2013. 15 pages.<br />
Jonsson, M., K. Kunert, and A. Böhm, “Increasing the<br />
probability of timely and correct message delivery in road side<br />
unit based vehicular communication,” Proc. 15th IEEE<br />
Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC <strong>2012</strong>),<br />
Anchorage, AK, USA, Sept. 16-19, <strong>2012</strong>. 8 pages.<br />
Jonsson, M. "Why real-time communication matters," Embedded<br />
Conference Scandinavia (ECS2011), Stockholm, Sweden, Oct.<br />
4-5, 2011.<br />
Lidström, K., K. Sjöberg, U. Holmberg, J. Andersson, F. Bergh,<br />
M. Bjäde, and S. Mak, "A modular CACC system integration<br />
and design," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation<br />
Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1050-1061, Sept. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Sjöberg, K., E. Uhlemann, and E. Ström, "How severe is the<br />
hidden terminal problem in VANETs when using CSMA and<br />
STDMA?," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC<br />
Fall), San Francisco, CA, USA, Sept. 2011.<br />
Uhlemann, E., “Report on Wireless Vehicular Communications<br />
(VTS News),” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 7, no.<br />
3, pp. 102-106, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
33
CVAN: Cross-Layer Design of VANETs for Traffic Safety<br />
CVAN: Cross-‐Layer Design of VANETs for Traffic Safety <br />
Project manager: Elisabeth Uhlemann 1<br />
Project members: Taimoor Abbas 2 , Le Nam Hoang 1 , Maria Kihl 2 , Erik G. Larsson 3 , Katrin Sjöberg 1 and Fredrik Tufvesson 2<br />
1 Halmstad University (HH), 2 EIT, Lund University (LU) and 3 ISY, Linköping University (LiU)<br />
Rationale and Motivation<br />
Traffic-safety applications based on inter-vehicle<br />
communications have quite demanding operating<br />
conditions and generate delay-sensitive data traffic<br />
with requirements on high reliability. From ongoing<br />
standardization activities (IEEE 802.11p, ETSI ITS-<br />
G5 and ISO CALM M5), it is clear that most trafficsafety<br />
applications will be based on vehicular ad<br />
hoc networks (VANETs) where event-driven hazard<br />
warning messages and time-triggered positioning<br />
messages are broadcasted on the 5.9 GHz band.<br />
Traffic-safety applications differ from most existing<br />
applications using wireless communications<br />
in that reliability and predictable delay are required<br />
concurrently. Traditional performance measures,<br />
such as throughput, are therefore not directly applicable.<br />
Existing wireless protocols have been designed<br />
to provide reliable (web browsing) or timecritical<br />
communications (voice) but not both concurrently.<br />
Achieving high data reliability within a<br />
given time frame is particularly difficult in vehicular<br />
networks due to the highly dynamic radio channel<br />
and fading characteristics. Traffic-safety applications<br />
must also be designed to take the characteristics<br />
of a VANET into account, namely: a decentralized<br />
network topology, peer-to-peer communications<br />
between highly mobile terminals, one common<br />
channel where broadcast is the preferred communication<br />
mode. Consequently, the technical issues that<br />
need to be resolved concern all layers in the protocol<br />
stack. A cross-layer design paradigm enables<br />
sufficient dynamics to meet the increased performance<br />
requirements of traffic-safety applications<br />
such that both quality of service (QoS) constraints<br />
and the specific conditions expected for vehicular<br />
systems can be satisfied.<br />
Scientific Questions Addressed<br />
The CVAN project address the following crosslayer<br />
scientific questions:<br />
Develop new channel models: Due to the carrier<br />
frequency of 5.9 GHz, the high relative speed between<br />
transceivers and the antennas being located at<br />
approx. the same height (as opposed to the case<br />
with a base station and a mobile terminal), existing<br />
channel models are not applicable.<br />
Develop new performance metrics: Trafficsafety<br />
applications imply a distributed control system,<br />
with concurrent requirements on high reliability<br />
and real-time deadlines. Existing performance<br />
metrics throughput and data rate are thus not applicable.<br />
Further, also the metric deadline miss ratio<br />
traditionally used for real-time traffic, needs to be<br />
redefined for broadcast.<br />
Design new protocols: The ad hoc network with<br />
broadcast data dissemination implies that the solutions<br />
need to be self-organizing and scalable. The<br />
time-critical and reliable-sensitive data traffic requires<br />
a solution that provides predictable delay and<br />
high reliability. All these features should imbue all<br />
layers in the protocol stack.<br />
On the individual layers, the following scientific<br />
questions are addressed:<br />
Channel characterization and antenna placement:<br />
Radio channel models are seminal for performance<br />
evaluation of wireless systems. The timevariations<br />
encountered in a VANET arise because<br />
of the high mobility of transmitter, receiver as well<br />
as many important scattering objects. In CVAN we<br />
construct channel models based on radio measurements<br />
of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation. The<br />
models include the typical non-stationary conditions,<br />
and can be used for simulations of system<br />
performance as well as analysis of antenna-channel<br />
interaction. Note that both single and multiple antenna<br />
models are considered, with emphasis on robustness<br />
rather than maximizing spectral efficiency.<br />
Medium Access Control: To support real-time<br />
deadlines, the medium access control (MAC) method<br />
must be predictable such that the maximum<br />
channel access delay is known. Further, all nodes<br />
should be able to access the channel with equal<br />
probability within a limited time period, i.e., the<br />
MAC method must be fair. If the MAC protocol<br />
schedules transmissions appropriately, the packet<br />
reception probability (PRP) for the closest neighboring<br />
nodes is maximized and reliability is improved.<br />
The number of vehicles participating in a<br />
VANET is unknown and cannot be restricted. The<br />
adopted MAC method must therefore be scalable.<br />
The MAC method adopted by current standardization,<br />
CSMA, has some of the desired properties, it is<br />
34 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
decentralized, self-organizing and aims at minimizing<br />
interference between any transmitters, but it<br />
does not necessarily maximize the PRP for the closest<br />
neighboring nodes or provide scalable, fair and<br />
predictable channel access for broadcast. In CVAN,<br />
a decentralized, self-organizing, predictable and<br />
scalable MAC algorithm capable of maintaining a<br />
high PRP for the closest neighboring nodes also in<br />
overloaded networks is under development.<br />
Traffic-safety applications based on broadcast:<br />
An efficient data dissemination strategy for trafficsafety<br />
applications must ensure a high success rate<br />
regarding the timely delivery of the emergency<br />
message to all the vehicles within a safety zone.<br />
Thus, we have developed an adaptive selective<br />
broadcast algorithm which increments the transmission<br />
power level of the sender each time it senses<br />
that warning messages are not received. Compared<br />
to regular selective broadcast algorithms and flooding,<br />
our algorithm shows a clear improvement in<br />
warning delivery ratio even when network connectivity<br />
is low. A high-performance dissemination algorithm<br />
proactively adapting transmission power to<br />
network density is the next objective in CVAN.<br />
Scientific Achievement and Activities<br />
Halmstad actively participates in standardization<br />
within ETSI TC ITS. The work on the MAC layer<br />
resulted in ETSI initiating a specialist task force<br />
(STF395) to evaluate time-slotted MAC approaches<br />
for VANETs. Katrin Sjöberg from Halmstad was<br />
elected the STF leader and received Euro 45 000:-<br />
from the European Commission funding her research.<br />
The project members organize a yearly workshop<br />
on Wireless Vehicular Communications, which<br />
apart from speakers from Lund and Halmstad also<br />
features invited speakers funded by IEEE VTS. In<br />
<strong>2012</strong> it was Andreas Festag, NEC and the workshop<br />
took place Nov. 30, <strong>2012</strong> in Halmstad,<br />
www.hh.se/wwvc<strong>2012</strong>.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
35
A Virtual Testbed for Smart Micro Grids<br />
A VIRTUAL TESTBED FOR SMART MICRO GRIDS<br />
A. Sant’Anna 1 , V. Gaspes 1 , W. Taha 1 , R. Bass 2<br />
1. Centre for Research on Embedded Systems, Halmstad University, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden<br />
2. Power Engineering Lab, Portland State University, 97207 Oregon, USA<br />
This project is part of CERES+. The project addresses the cooperation between Portland State University (PSU)<br />
and Halmstad University (HU) and strengthens the group at HU working on modeling cyber physical systems.<br />
The project started on June <strong>2012</strong> and is concerned with the development of models and simulations that support<br />
the study and development of smart micro grids.<br />
1. Background and Motivation<br />
Electrical grids with the ability to automatically<br />
gather, monitor, and react to information are<br />
commonly referred to as “smart grids”. Grids are<br />
becoming “smarter,” in part, thanks to the<br />
proliferation of phasor measurement units (PMU),<br />
which enable synchronized real-time measurements of<br />
multiple remote points on the grid. The tendency for<br />
the future is to have more and more of these units<br />
deployed throughout the grid, making new ways of<br />
monitoring and managing power systems possible.<br />
Power systems are composed of three main elements:<br />
generation, transmission and distribution. These can<br />
span thousands of kilometers and provide electricity to<br />
thousands of houses, offices and industries. In this<br />
project, however, we will consider small parts of the<br />
grid referred to as micro grids. An example of micro<br />
grid could be a neighborhood or a university campus.<br />
In this context, smart buildings are important<br />
components of smart micro grids. They can monitor<br />
the use of electricity, optimize costs based on current<br />
electricity prices and even predict its occupant’s<br />
needs.<br />
2. Problem Statement<br />
Micro grids can be decomposed into three layers:<br />
The physical layer, which includes appliances and<br />
equipment that consume electricity;<br />
The sensor and communication networks, which<br />
gather and transmit information about the grid;<br />
The grid management, which processes the<br />
acquired information and makes decisions about<br />
when and how to use electricity.<br />
Normally, each layer is studied separately. However,<br />
smart grids are the combination of all three and can<br />
only be studied by considering all three layers<br />
together.<br />
This project addresses the need for models and<br />
simulation tools that can consider all three layers<br />
concurrently.<br />
3. Approach<br />
This project will be organized as two interrelated<br />
studies. The activities of each of the studies are<br />
explained below.<br />
A. Residential heating systems for demand response<br />
programs<br />
This study will develop models of residential heating<br />
systems composed of an isolated water tank and<br />
forced convection. It is believed these heating systems<br />
may be used by electricity distribution companies to<br />
dynamically adjust voltage, frequency and load in the<br />
grid - known as demand response programs.<br />
Simulations will be used to investigate whether this is<br />
possible to achieve without compromising the thermal<br />
comfort of the home.<br />
B. Modeling a smart home: development and<br />
validation<br />
This study will develop models of home appliances<br />
and other residential loads, as well as models of<br />
sensors and management schemes that are feasible<br />
with the technology commercially available today.<br />
This incorporates all three layers described in Section<br />
2. These models will represent a real home where data<br />
can be collected. The acquired data will be compared<br />
to the simulated data in order to validate the models.<br />
PARTNERS AND STATUS<br />
Funding: CERES+ (KK foundation)<br />
Duration: 01 June <strong>2012</strong> – 01 June 2013<br />
Project coordinator: Veronica Gaspes<br />
This project includes two trips to Portland, Oregon,<br />
where Anita Sant’Anna can meet and interact with<br />
Robert Bass and his team, and a number of other<br />
actors in the field of smart grids. The first trip took<br />
place during October <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
The first study is being conducted jointly with Robert<br />
Bass at Portland State University. The respective<br />
publication will be written during January and<br />
February 2013.<br />
The second study will enlist the help of Hans Erik<br />
Eldemark. Most models have been developed, but the<br />
data collection and the writing of the respective<br />
publication will take place during February, March,<br />
April and May 2013.<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
Two publications have been planned:<br />
A feasibility study of the use of residential heating<br />
systems for demand response programs based on<br />
simulations;<br />
Comparison of simulation results and real data<br />
collected from a smart home.<br />
36 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Publications 2010-<strong>2012</strong><br />
International full-paper reviewed journal papers<br />
Accepted during <strong>2012</strong> for publication during 2013<br />
Wolkerstorfer M., J. Jaldén, and T. Nordström, “Lowcomplexity<br />
optimal discrete-rate spectrum balancing in<br />
digital subscriber lines,” Signal Processing, vol. 93. no. 1, pp.<br />
23-34, 2013.<br />
N. Noroozi, R. Khosravi, M.R. Mousavi, and T.A.C.<br />
Willemse. Synchrony and Asynchrony in Conformance<br />
Testing, Software and Systems Modeling, Springer, 2013.<br />
Accepted. Available online at Online First.<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Zain-Ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson, “Occam-pi for<br />
programming of massively parallel reconfigurable<br />
architectures”, International Journal of Reconfigurable<br />
Computing, vol. <strong>2012</strong>, Article ID 504815, <strong>2012</strong>. 17 pages.<br />
Lidstrom, K., K. Sjöberg, U. Holmberg, J. Andersson, F.<br />
Bergh, M. Bjade, and S. Mak, “A modular CACC system<br />
integration and design,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent<br />
Transportation Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1050-1061, Sept.<br />
<strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Wolkerstorfer, M., S. Trautmann, T. Nordström, and<br />
B. Putra, “Modeling and optimization of line-driver<br />
power consumption in xDSL systems,” EURASIP<br />
Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, <strong>2012</strong>;(<strong>2012</strong>:226),<br />
doi:10.1186/1687-6180-<strong>2012</strong>-226.<br />
Wolkerstorfer M., D. Statovci, and T. Nordström,<br />
“Energy-saving by low-power modes in ADSL2,”<br />
Computer Networks, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 2468-2480, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Wolkerstorfer M., D. Statovci, and T. Nordström,<br />
“Enabling greener DSL access networks by their<br />
stabilization with artificial noise and SNR margin,” Cluster<br />
Computing, Apr. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Wolkerstorfer M., J. Jaldén, and T. Nordström, “Column<br />
generation for discrete- rate multi-user and multi-carrier<br />
power control,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.<br />
60, no. 9, pp. 2712-2722, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
2011<br />
Böhm, A., and M. Jonsson, “Real-time communication<br />
support for cooperative, infrastructure-based traffic<br />
safety applications,” International Journal of Vehicular<br />
Technology, 2011. 17 pages.<br />
Salama, C., G. Malecha, W. Taha, J. Grundy, and J.<br />
O’Leary, “Static consistency checking for verilog wire<br />
interconnects,” Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation<br />
2011, pp. 1-34, Sept. 2011.<br />
Taha, W., P. Brauner, R. Cartwright, V. Gaspes, A. Ames,<br />
and A. Chapoutot, “A core language for executable<br />
models of cyber physical systems: work in progress<br />
report,” SIGBED Review,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 39-43, 2011.<br />
Pignaton de Freitas, E., T. Heimfarth, C. E. Pereira,<br />
A. Morado Ferreira, F. Rech Wagner, and T. Larsson,<br />
“Multi-agent support in a middleware for mission-driven<br />
heterogeneous sensor networks”, The Computer Journal,<br />
vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 406-420, 2011.<br />
Sant’Anna, A., A. Salarian, N. Wickström, “A new<br />
measure of movement symmetry in early Parkinson’s<br />
disease patients using symbolic processing of inertial<br />
sensor data,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,<br />
vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2127-2135, 2011.<br />
Zaveri, M.S. and D. Hammerstrom, “Performance/<br />
price estimates for cortex-scale hardware: A design space<br />
exploration,” Neural Networks, (Archival Journal of the<br />
International Neural Network Society), vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 291-<br />
304, Apr. 2011.<br />
Mhaidat, K. M., M.A. Jabri, and D. Hammerstrom,<br />
“Representation, methods, and circuits for time-based<br />
conversion and computation,” International Journal of<br />
Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 299-311,<br />
Mar. 2011.<br />
2010<br />
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, R.S. Allgayer, F.R. Wagner, C.E.<br />
Pereira, T. Larsson, and A.M. Ferreira. “Coordinating<br />
aerial robots and unattended ground sensors for<br />
intelligent surveillance systems,” International Journal of<br />
Computers, Communications & Control. vol. 5, no.1, 2010. p.<br />
55-73.<br />
Sant’Anna, A. & N. Wickström “A symbol-based approach<br />
to gait analysis from acceleration signals: identification<br />
and detection of gait events and a new measure of gait<br />
symmetry”, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in<br />
Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1180-1187, Sept. 2010.<br />
Nilsson, B., L. Bengtsson, and B. Svensson, “An energy<br />
and application scenario aware active RFID protocol,”<br />
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and<br />
Networking, vol. 2010, Article ID 432938, 15 pages, 2010.<br />
doi:10.1155/2010/432938<br />
Zaveri, M. S. and D. Hammerstrom, “Nano/CMOS<br />
implementations of inference in bayesian memory – an<br />
architecture assessment methodology,” IEEE Transactions<br />
on Nanotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 194-211, Mar. 2010.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
37
Books, book chapters and editorial work<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Mecklenbräuker, C., L. Bernadó, O. Klemp, A. Kwoczek,<br />
A. Paier, M. Schack, K. Sjöberg, E. Ström, F. Tufvesson,<br />
E. Uhlemann, and T. Zemen, “Vehicle-to-vehicle<br />
communications,” in Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless<br />
Communications,” edited by R. Verdone and A. Zanella,<br />
Springer London <strong>2012</strong>, pp. 577-608. ISBN: 978-1-4471-<br />
2314-9.<br />
Bellalta, B., A. Vinel, M. Jonsson, J. Barcelo, R.<br />
Maslennikov, P. Chatzimisios, and D. Malone, editors.<br />
Multiple Access Communications, 5th International Workshop,<br />
MACOM <strong>2012</strong>, Maynooth, Ireland, Nov. 19-20, <strong>2012</strong>,<br />
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7642, Springer, ISBN<br />
978-3-642-34975-1. 183 pages.<br />
2011<br />
De Freitas, E., B. Bösch, R. Allgayer, L. Steinfeld, F.<br />
Wagner, L. Carro, C. Pereira, and T. Larsson, “Mobile<br />
Agents Model and Performance Analysis of a Wireless<br />
Sensor Network Target Tracking Application,” Smart<br />
spaces and next generation wired/wireless networking: 11th<br />
International Conference, NEW2AN 2011, and 4th<br />
Conference on Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2011, St.<br />
Petersburg, Russia, August 22-25 2011 : proceedings.<br />
Springer, Heidelberg. pp. 274-286, 2011.<br />
Müller, I., A. Cavalcante, E. De Freitas, R. Allgayer, C.<br />
Pereira, and T. Larsson, ”Evaluation of RTSJ-Based<br />
Distributed Control System,” Smart spaces and next<br />
generation wired/wireless networking: 11th international<br />
conference, NEW2AN 2011, and 4th Conference on<br />
Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2011, St. Petersburg, Russia,<br />
August 22-15, 2011 : proceedings. Springer, Berlin. pp.<br />
295-303, 2011.<br />
Wolkerstorfer M., Nordström, T., B. Krasniqi, M.<br />
Wrulich, and C. Mecklenbräuker, “OFDM/OFDMA<br />
Subcarrier Allocation”, Cross Layer Designs in WLAN<br />
Systems, Eds. N. Zorba, C. Skianis and C. Verikoukis,<br />
Troubador Publishing Ltd, vol. 1, Chapter 6, pp. 177-216,<br />
2011, ISBN 9781848762275.<br />
2010<br />
Bengtsson J., “Intermediate representations for simulation<br />
and implementation,” in Handbook of Signal processing<br />
systems, 1st ed., Bhattacharyya, S.S., E.F. Deprettere, R.<br />
Leupers and J. Takala, Springer, Aug. 29, 2010. ISBN:<br />
978-1-4419-6344-4<br />
Jonsson, M., and K. Kunert. “Wired and wireless reliable<br />
real-time communication in industrial systems,” in<br />
Factory Automation, Editor: J. Silvestre-Blanes, IN-TECH,<br />
Vienna, Austria, pp. 161-176, 2010, ISBN 978-953-7619-<br />
42-8. 2010.<br />
Heimfarth, T., E. P. Freitas, F. R. Wagner, and T. Larsson.<br />
“Middleware support for wireless sensor networks: a<br />
survey,” in Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends<br />
in Wireless Sensor Networks: From Principle to Practice, H.Jin<br />
and W.Jiang (organizers), Hershey, Information Science<br />
Reference (IGI Global), 2010.<br />
Zaveri, M. S. and D. Hammerstrom, “Chapter 4: CMOL/<br />
CMOS implementations of bayesian inference engine:<br />
digital and mixed-signal architectures and performance/<br />
price – a hardware design space exploration,” in CMOS<br />
Processors and Memories, Ed. Krzysztof Iniewski, Springer,<br />
2010. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9216-8.<br />
Doctoral and Licentiate theses<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Lidström, K., “Situation-Aware Vehicles Supporting the<br />
Next Generation of Cooperative Traffic Systems,” Ph.D.<br />
Thesis, Örebro University, Feb. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
2011<br />
Pignaton de Freitas, E., “Cooperative Context Aware<br />
Setup and Performance of Surveillance Missions Using<br />
Static and Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks,” Ph.D. thesis,<br />
Halmstad University, November 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, “Programming of Coarse-Grained<br />
Reconfigurable Architectures,” Ph.D. Thesis, Örebro<br />
University, May 2011.<br />
Wang, Y., “A Domain-Specific Language for Protocol<br />
Stack Implementation in Embedded Systems,” Ph.D.<br />
Thesis, Örebro University, June 2011.<br />
2010<br />
Nilsson, B., “Energy efficient protocols for active RFID,”<br />
Ph.D. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg,<br />
Sweden, June 2010.<br />
Kunert, K., “Architectures and protocols for performance<br />
improvements of real-time networks,” Ph.D. Thesis,<br />
Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, Dec.<br />
2010.<br />
International full-paper reviewed conference papers<br />
Accepted during 2013<br />
Riegler, E., T. Magesacher, D. Statovci, and T. Nordström,<br />
“Outage analysis for vectored wireline communications”,<br />
Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications<br />
(ICC), Budapest, Hungary, June 9-13, 2013.<br />
N. Noroozi, M.R. Mousavi, and T.A.C. Willemse. Decomposability<br />
in Input Output Conformance Testing.<br />
Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Model-Based Testing<br />
(MBT 2013), Rome, Italy, Electronic Proceedings in<br />
Theoretical Computer Science, volume 11, pages 51--66,<br />
2013.<br />
38 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
F. Dechesne and M.R. Mousavi. Interpreted Systems Semantics<br />
for Process Algebra with Identity Annotations.<br />
Post-Proceedings of the 9th International Tbilisi Symposium<br />
on Language, Logic and Computation (TbiLLC 2011,),<br />
Kutaisi, Georgia, volume 7758 of Lecture Notes in Computer<br />
Science, pages 182–-205, Springer, 2013.<br />
Accepted during <strong>2012</strong> for publication during 2013<br />
Parsapoor, M. and U. Bilstrup, “Merging ant colony<br />
optimization based clustering and an imperialist<br />
competitive algorithm for spectrum management of a<br />
cognitive mobile ad hoc network,” Proc. of The Wireless<br />
Innovation Forum Conference on Communications Technologies and<br />
Software Defined Radio (SDR-WInnComm 2013), Wahington<br />
D.C., USA, Jan. 2013.<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Parsapoor, M. and U. Bilstrup, “Brain Emotional Learning<br />
Based Fuzzy Inference System (BELFIS) for Solar<br />
Activity Forecasting,” Proc. of 24th IEEE International<br />
Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI <strong>2012</strong>),<br />
Athens, Greece, Nov. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Parsapoor, M. and U. Bilstrup, “Imperialist competition<br />
algorithm for DSA in cognitive radio networks,” Proc.<br />
of 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications,<br />
Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM <strong>2012</strong>), Shanghai,<br />
China, Sept. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Parsapoor, M. and U. Bilstrup, “Neuro-fuzzy models,<br />
BELRFS and LOLIMOT, for prediction of chaotic time<br />
series,” Proc. of the International Symposium on INnovations<br />
in Intelligent SysTems and Applications (INISTA <strong>2012</strong>),<br />
Trabzon, Turkey, July <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, E. Gebrewahid, and B. Svensson,<br />
”Managing dynamic reconfiguration for fault-tolerance<br />
on a manycore architecture”, Proc. 26th IEEE International<br />
Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS <strong>2012</strong>),<br />
Shanghai, China, May 21-22, <strong>2012</strong>. 8 pages.<br />
Girs, S., E. Uhlemann, and M. Björkman, “The effects<br />
of relay behavior and position in wireless industrial<br />
networks,” Proc. IEEE International Workshop on Factory<br />
Communication Systems, Lemgo, Germany, May <strong>2012</strong>, p.<br />
183-190.<br />
Inoue, J., W. Taha, “Reasoning about multi-stage<br />
programs,” Proc. of the 22nd European Symposium on<br />
Programming (ESOP <strong>2012</strong>) held as part of the European Joint<br />
Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS <strong>2012</strong>,<br />
Tallinn, March 24 - April 1, pp. 357-376. Lecture Notes in<br />
Computer Science, vol. 7211, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Alam, A., Z. Ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson, “Parallelization<br />
of the estimation algorithm of the 3D structure tensor,”<br />
Proc. of International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing<br />
and FPGAs (ReConFig’12), Cancun, Mexico, Dec. 5-7,<br />
<strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Jonsson, M. and K. Kunert, “MC-EDF: A controlchannel<br />
based wireless multichannel MAC protocol with<br />
real-time support,” Proc. 17th IEEE International Conference<br />
on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA<br />
<strong>2012</strong>), Krakow, Poland, Sept. 17-21, <strong>2012</strong>. 6 pages.<br />
Jonsson, M., K. Kunert, and A. Böhm, “Increasing the<br />
probability of timely and correct message delivery in<br />
road side unit based vehicular communication,” Proc.<br />
15th IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC<br />
<strong>2012</strong>), Anchorage, AK, USA, Sept. 16-19, <strong>2012</strong>. 8 pages.<br />
Kunert, K., M. Jonsson, and U. Bilstrup, “Deterministic<br />
real-time medium access for cognitive industrial radio<br />
networks,” Proc. of the 9th IEEE International Workshop<br />
on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS <strong>2012</strong>), Lemgo/<br />
Detmold, Germany, May 21-24, <strong>2012</strong>. Best WiP Paper<br />
Award.<br />
Taha, W., P. Brauner, Y. Zeng, R. Cartwright, V. Gaspes,<br />
A. Ames, and A. Chapoutot, ”A core language for<br />
executable models of cyber-physical systems,” Proc.<br />
International Workshop on Cyber-Physical Networked Systems<br />
(CPNS’12), Macau, China, June 20, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Willig, A and E. Uhlemann, “On relaying for wireless<br />
industrial communications: Is careful placement of<br />
relayers strictly necessary?,” Proc. IEEE International<br />
Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, Lemgo,<br />
Germany, May <strong>2012</strong>, pp. 191-200.<br />
Taha, W. and R. Philippsen, “Modeling basic aspects of<br />
cyber-physical systems,” Proc. 3rd International Workshop<br />
on Domain-Specific Languages and models for ROBotic systems<br />
(DSLRob-12). 3rd International Conference on Simulation,<br />
Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots<br />
(SIMPAR-<strong>2012</strong>), Tsukuba, Japan, Nov. 5-8, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
2011<br />
Marrocco, G., M. Wolkerstorfer, T. Nordström, and D.<br />
Statovci, “Energy-efficient DSL using vectoring”, , Proc.<br />
IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM),<br />
Houston, Texas, USA, Dec. 5-9, 2011.<br />
Wolkerstorfer, M. and T. Nordström, “Coverage<br />
optimization in DSL networks by low-complexity discrete<br />
spectrum balancing”, Proc. IEEE Global Communications<br />
Conference (GLOBECOM), Houston, Texas, USA, Dec.<br />
5-9, 2011.<br />
Bruneau, J., C. Consel, M. O’Malley, W. Taha, and W.<br />
M. Hannourah, “Virtual testing for smart buildings,”<br />
International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE’12),<br />
Guanajuato, Mexico, June 26-28, <strong>2012</strong>. 8 pages.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
39
Sjöberg, K., E. Uhlemann, E. G. Ström, “How severe<br />
is the hidden terminal problem in VANETs when using<br />
CSMA and STDMA?,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology<br />
Conference (VTC Fall), San Francisco, CA, September<br />
2011, pp. 1-5.<br />
Lidström, K., J. Andersson, F. Bergh, M. Bjäde, and S.<br />
Mak, “ITS as a tool for teaching cyber-physical systems,”<br />
8th ITS European Congress, Lyon, France, 2011.<br />
Taha, W. and R. Cartwright, “The trouble with real<br />
numbers,” Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Language<br />
Engineering for Cyber-Physical Systems (WS4C 2011), Lecture<br />
Notes in Informatics, Berlin, Germany, 2011.<br />
Taha, W., V. Gaspes, and R. Page, “Accurate programming:<br />
thinking about programs in terms of properties,” IFIP<br />
Working Conference on Domain-Specific Languages (DSL<br />
2011), Bordeaux, France, 2011.<br />
Ourique de Morais, W. and N. Wickström, “A serious<br />
computer game to assist Tai Chi training for the elderly,”<br />
IEEE 1st International Conference on Serious Games and<br />
Applications for Health (SeGAH 2011), Braga, Portugal,<br />
2011.<br />
Wang, Y. and V. Gaspes. “An embedded language for<br />
programming protocol stacks in embedded systems”<br />
Proc. 20th ACM SIGPLAN 2011 Workshop on Partial<br />
Evaluation and Program Manipulation (PEPM’11), Austin,<br />
TX, USA, Jan. 24-25, 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin and B. Svensson, “Occam-pi as a<br />
high-level language for coarse-grained reconfigurable<br />
architectures”. Proceedings of the 18th International<br />
Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop (RAW’2011) in<br />
conjunction with International Parallel and Distributed Processing<br />
Symposium (IPDPS’2011), 2011.<br />
Böhm, A., M. Jonsson, E. Uhlemann, “Adaptive<br />
cooperative awareness messaging for enhanced<br />
overtaking assistance on rural roads,” in Proc. IEEE<br />
Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), San Francisco,<br />
CA, September 2011, pp. 1-5.<br />
Freitas, E.P., T. Heimfarth, L. A. G. Costa, C. E. Pereira,<br />
A. M. Ferreira, F. R. Wagner, and T. Larsson, “Analyzing<br />
different levels of geographic context awareness in agent<br />
ferrying over VANETs,” Proc. of the 2011 ACM Symposium<br />
on Applied Computing (SAC 2011), Taiwan, Mar. 2011, pp.<br />
413-418.<br />
Hassan, A., and T. Larsson, “On the requirements on<br />
models and simulator design for integrated VANET<br />
Simulation,” International Workshop on Intelligent<br />
Transportation - WIT, Hamburg, Germany, 2011.<br />
Larsson, T., W. Taha, K.-E. Årzen, “Dependable<br />
automotive systems based on model certified<br />
components,” Automotive CPS Workshop, June 2011.<br />
Motter, P., R. S. Allgayer, I. Müller, C. E. Pereira, and<br />
E. P. Freitas, “Practical issues in wireless sensor network<br />
localization systems using received signal strenght<br />
indication,” Proc. of IEEE SAS 2011, San Antonio, USA,<br />
Feb. 2011, pp. 227-232.<br />
Nilsson, E., and C. Svensson, “Envelope detector<br />
sensitivity and blocking characteristics,” 20th European<br />
Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD 2011). pp.<br />
802-805, 2011.<br />
Nilsson, E., B. Nilsson, and E. Järpe, “A pharmaceutical<br />
anti-counterfeiting method using time controlled<br />
numeric tokens,” 2011 IEEE International Conference on<br />
RFID-Technologies and Applications, pp. 335-339, 2011.<br />
Freitas, E.P., T. Heimfarth, I. Farah Netto, C.E.Pereira,<br />
A.M.Ferreira, F.R.Wagner, and T.Larsson. “Handling<br />
failures of static sensor nodes in wireless sensor network<br />
by use of mobile sensors,” Proc. of IEEE FINA-AINA<br />
2011, Singapore, Mar. 2011, pp. 127-134.<br />
Sajadian, S., A. Ibrahim, E. P. Freitas, and T. Larsson,<br />
“Improving connectivity of nodes in mobile WSN,” Proc.<br />
of IEEE Advanced Information Networking and Applications<br />
(AINA 2011). Singapore, pp. 364-371, Mar. 2011.<br />
Sjöberg, K., E. Uhlemann, and E. G. Ström, “Delay and<br />
interference comparison of CSMA and self-organizing<br />
TDMA when used in VANETs,” in Proc 7 th International<br />
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference,<br />
Istanbul, Turkey, July 2011, pp. 1488-1493.<br />
Wang, Y., and V. Gaspes, “A compositional implementation<br />
of Modbus in protégé,” 6th IEEE International Symposium<br />
on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES), pp. 123-131, 2011.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin, A. Åhlander, and B. Svensson,<br />
“Programming real-time autofocus on a massively parallel<br />
reconfigurable architecture using Occam-pi,” Proceedings<br />
of the 19th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Field-<br />
Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM’2011),<br />
2011.<br />
2010<br />
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, I. Farah Netto, C.E. Lino,<br />
C.E.Pereira, A.M.Ferreira, F.R.Wagner, T.Larsson. “UAV<br />
Relay Network to Support WSN Connectivity.” Proc.<br />
International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications<br />
and Control Systems. Moscow, Russia, Oct. 2010.<br />
Böhm, A., K. Lidström, M. Jonsson, and T. Larsson,<br />
“Evaluating CALM M5-based vehicle-to-vehicle<br />
communication in various road settings through field<br />
trials”, The 4th IEEE LCN Workshop On User MObility<br />
and VEhicular Networks (ON-MOVE), Denver, CO, USA,<br />
Oct. 2010<br />
40 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, C.E. Pereira, A.M. Ferreira,<br />
F.R. Wagner, T. Larsson. “Experimental analysis of<br />
coordination strategies to support wireless sensor<br />
networks composed by static ground sensors and UAVcarried<br />
Sensors”. ISPA 2010 - IEEE International Symposium<br />
on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications. Taipei,<br />
Taiwan, September 2010.<br />
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, F.R. Wagner, A.M. Ferreira,<br />
C.E. Pereira, and T. Larsson. “Geo-aware handover of<br />
mission agents using opportunistic communication<br />
in VANET”. Proc. of New2An 2010 - 10th International<br />
Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Advanced<br />
Networking, St. Petersburg, Russia, August 2010. p. 365-<br />
376.<br />
Freitas E.P., R. Allgayer, T. Heimfarth, F.R. Wagner, T.<br />
Larsson, C.E. Pereira, and A.M. Ferreira. “Coordination<br />
Mechanism and Customizable Hardware Platform to<br />
Provide Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks<br />
Support”. Proc. of WTR 2010 - 12th Brazilian Workshop<br />
on Real-Time and Embedded Systems, Gramado, Brazil, May<br />
2010. p. 77-88.<br />
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, A.M. Ferreira, C.E. Pereira, F.R.<br />
Wagner, and T. Larsson. Pheromone-based coordination<br />
strategy to static sesors on the ground and unmanned<br />
aerial vehicles carried sensors. Proc. of SPIE, 0277-786X,<br />
v. 7694. April 2010, p. 769416-1 - 769416-9.<br />
Freitas E.P., T. Heimfarth, A.M. Ferreira, C.E. Pereira,<br />
F.R. Wagner, and T. Larsson. “Decentralized task<br />
distribution among cooperative UAVs in surveillance<br />
systems applications”. Proc. of WONS 2010 - 7th<br />
International Conference on Wireless On-demand Network<br />
Systems and Services, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, February<br />
2010. pp. 121-128.<br />
Heimfarth T., E.P. Freitas, C.E. Pereira, A.M. Ferreira,<br />
F.R. Wagner, and T. Larsson. “Experimental analysis of<br />
a wireless sensor network setup strategy provided by<br />
an agent-oriented middleware”, Proc. of AINA 2010 -<br />
24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information<br />
Networking and Applications. Perth, Australia, April 2010.<br />
p. 820-826.<br />
Islam Cheema, F, Zain-Ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson.<br />
A design methodology for resource to performance<br />
tradeoff adjustment in FPGAs. Proc. of 7th FPGAWorld<br />
Conference 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 6,<br />
2010.<br />
Kunert K., E. Uhlemann and M. Jonsson, “Enhancing<br />
reliability in IEEE 802.11 based real-time networks<br />
through transport layer retransmissions,” in Proc. IEEE<br />
International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems,<br />
Trento, Italy, July 2010, pp. 146-155.<br />
Kunert K., E. Uhlemann and M. Jonsson, “Predictable<br />
real-time communications with improved reliability for<br />
IEEE 802.15.4 based industrial networks,” in Proc. IEEE<br />
International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems,<br />
Nancy, France, May 2010, pp. 13-22.<br />
Kunert K., M. Jonsson and E. Uhlemann “Exploiting<br />
time and frequency diversity in IEEE 802.15.4 industrial<br />
networks for enhanced reliability and throughput.” in<br />
Proc. IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies<br />
and Factory Automation, Bilbao, Spain, September 2010, pp.<br />
1-9. Best paper award.<br />
Lidström K., and T. Larsson. “A Spatial QoS Requirements<br />
Specification for V2V Applications”, Proc. of IEEE<br />
Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 548-553, 2010<br />
Nilsson, B.; L. Bengtsson; and B. Svensson, “A snoozing<br />
frequency binary tree protocol,” Proc. of The Third<br />
International EURASIP Workshop on RFID Technology, 6-7<br />
Sept, 2010.<br />
Nilsson, B., L. Bengtsson, B. Svensson, U. Bilstrup,<br />
and P.A. Wiberg, “An active backscatter wake-up and<br />
tag identification extraction protocol for low cost and<br />
low power active RFID,” Proc. of 2010 IEEE Conference<br />
on RFID-Technology and Applications, 17-19 June, 2010,<br />
Guangzhou, China, pp. 86-91. ISBN/ISSN: 978-<br />
142446700-6.<br />
Nilsson E., P. Linnér, A. Sikö, U. Bilstrup and P-A. Wiberg<br />
” A new CMOS radio for low power RFID applications,”<br />
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology<br />
and Applications 2010, Guangzhou, China, June 17-19,<br />
2010.<br />
Nilsson E., B. Nilsson, L. Bengtsson, B. Svensson, P-A.<br />
Wiberg and U. Bilstrup ” A low power-long range active<br />
RFID-system consisting of active RFID backscatter<br />
transponders,” Proc. of IEEE International Conference<br />
on RFID-Technology and Applications 2010, Guangzhou,<br />
China, June 17-19, 2010.<br />
Sant’Anna, A. & Wickström, N. “A linguistic approach<br />
to the analysis of accelerometer data for gait analysis”,<br />
Proceedings 7th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical<br />
Engineering (BioMed2010), Innsbruck, 2010.<br />
Sjöberg-Bilstrup K., E. Uhlemann and E. G. Ström,<br />
“Scalability issues of the MAC methods STDMA and<br />
CSMA of IEEE 802.11p when used in VANETs,” in Proc.<br />
IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops,<br />
Cape Town, South Africa, May 2010, pp. 1-5.<br />
Sjöberg K., J. Karedal, M. Moe, Ø. Kristiansen, R.<br />
Søråsen, E. Uhlemann, F. Tufvesson, K. Evensen, E.<br />
G. Ström, “Measuring and using the RSSI of IEEE<br />
802.11p,” in Proc. 17th World Congress on Intelligent Transport<br />
Systems, Busan, Korea, October 2010, 9 pages.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
41
Wang Y., and V. Gaspes, “A domain-specific language<br />
approach to protocol stack implementation,” Practical<br />
Aspects of Declarative Languages 12th International Symposium,<br />
PADL 2010, Madrid, Spain, Jan. 18-19, 2010.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin and B. Svensson, “Specifying run-time<br />
reconfiguration in processor arrays using high-level<br />
language,” Proc. of 4th HiPEAC Workshop on Reconfigurable<br />
Computing, Jan. 23, 2010.<br />
Freitas, E.P., T. Heimfarth, I. F. Netto, A. G. Cardoso de<br />
Sá, C. E. Pereira, A. M. Ferreira, F. R. Wagner, T. Larsson,<br />
“Enhanced wireless sensor network setup strategy<br />
supported by intelligent software agents,” Proc. Sensors’10<br />
- The 9th Annual IEEE Conference on Sensors, Waikoloa,<br />
USA, Nov. 2010, pp. 813 - 816.<br />
Brauner, P. and W. Taha, “Globally parallel, locally<br />
sequential: a preliminary proposal for Acumen objects,”<br />
Proc. 9th SPLASH/OOPSLA Workshop on Parallel/High-<br />
Performance Object-Oriented Scientific Computing (POOSC’10),<br />
Renoe-Tahoe, NV, USA, Oct. 18, 2010.<br />
Bruneau, J., C. Consel, M. O’Malley, W. Taha, and W.<br />
M. Hannourah, “Preliminary results in virtual testing<br />
for smart buildings,” Proc. International ICST Conference on<br />
Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and<br />
Services (MOBIQUITOUS), Sydney, Australia, Dec. 6-9,<br />
2010.<br />
Internal reports<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Bergenhem, C. and M. Jonsson, “Two Protocols with<br />
heterogeneous real-time services for high-performance<br />
embedded networks”, Research Report, School of Information<br />
Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad<br />
University, Sweden, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
2011<br />
Lidström, K., J. Andersson, F. Bergh, M. Bjäde, S. Mak,<br />
and K. Sjöberg, “Halmstad University Grand Cooperative<br />
Driving Challenge,” Research Report IDE1120, School of<br />
Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE),<br />
Halmstad University, Sweden, 2011. 14 pages.<br />
Patoary M.N.I., H. Ali, B. Svensson, J. Eker and H.<br />
Gustafsson, “Implementation of AMR-WB encoder<br />
for multi-core processors using dataflow programming<br />
language CAL”, Research Report IDE1103, School of<br />
Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE),<br />
Halmstad University, Sweden, 2011.<br />
Ul-Abdin Z., and B. Svensson, “Programming realtime<br />
autofocus on a massively parallel reconfigurable<br />
architecture using Occam-pi”, Research Report IDE1102,<br />
School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical<br />
Engineering (IDE), Halmstad University, Sweden, 2011.<br />
2010<br />
Jonsson, M. and K. Kunert, “Control-channel based<br />
wireless multi-channel MAC protocol with real-time<br />
support “, Research Report IDE1054, School of Information<br />
Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad<br />
University, Sweden, 2010.<br />
Other (incl. national conferences and international<br />
conferences without full-paper review)<br />
<strong>2012</strong><br />
Uhlemann, E., “Report on Wireless Vehicular<br />
Communications (VTS News),” IEEE Vehicular Technology<br />
Magazine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 102-106, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Girs, S., E. Uhlemann, and M. Björkman, “On the<br />
benefits of using relaying in industrial networks with<br />
different wireless channel characteristics,” Third Nordic<br />
Workshop on Systems & Network Optimization for Wireless,<br />
Trysil, Norway, Apr. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Parsapoor, M. and U. Bilstrup, “Using the grouping<br />
genetic algorithm (GGA) for channel assignment in a<br />
cluster-based mobile ad hoc network ,” Proc. of the 8th<br />
Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW<br />
<strong>2012</strong>), June <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
Zain-ul-Abdin and B. Svensson, “Synthetic-aperture<br />
radar processing on a manycore architecture,” 5th Swedish<br />
Workshop on Multi-Core Computing MCC-2011,” Stockholm,<br />
Sweden, Nov. <strong>2012</strong>.<br />
2011<br />
Uhlemann, E., “Communication requirements of<br />
emerging cooperative driving systems,” in Proc. IEEE<br />
International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Las Vegas,<br />
NV, Jan. 2011, pp. 281-282. Invited paper.<br />
Ku, B.-Y., and E. Uhlemann, “Report on rail conference<br />
and wireless communications : [VTS News]”. IEEE<br />
Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 111-117,<br />
2011.<br />
Gebrewahid, E., Zain-ul-Abdin, and B. Svensson,<br />
“Mapping occam-pi programs to a manycore<br />
architecture,” 4th Swedish Workshop on Multi-Core Computing<br />
MCC-2011,” Linköping, Sweden, 2011.<br />
Jonsson, M. “Why real-time communication matters,”<br />
Embedded Conference Scandinavia (ECS2011), Stockholm,<br />
Sweden, Oct. 4-5, 2011.<br />
Böhm, A., M. Jonsson, and H. Zakizadeh, “Vehicular<br />
ad-hoc networks to avoid surprise effects on sparsely<br />
trafficked, rural roads,” 10th Scandinavian Workshop on<br />
Wireless Ad-hocNetworks (ADHOC ´11), Stockholm,<br />
Sweden, May 10-11, 2011. 5 pages.<br />
42 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
Böhm, Annette, Jonsson, Magnus (2011). Positionbased<br />
real-time communication support for cooperative<br />
traffic safety services. Proc. of the 11th biennial SNART<br />
Conference on Real-Time Systems (Real-Time in Sweden<br />
– RTiS’11), Västerås, Sweden, June 13-14, 2011. 11 pages.<br />
Taha, W. and M. Weckstén, “Real-time reflection for<br />
threat detection and prevention,” position paper,<br />
Workshop on Cooperative Autonomous Resilient Defenses in<br />
Cyberspace, Arlington, VA, USA, Jan. 27-28, 2011.<br />
S. Girs, E. Uhlemann and M. Björkman, “The effects of<br />
channel characteristics on relay behavior and position<br />
in wireless industrial networks,” presented at the IEEE<br />
Swedish Communication Technologies Workshop, Stockholm,<br />
Sweden, Oct. 2011.<br />
B.-Y. Ku and E. Uhlemann, “Report on Rail Conference<br />
and Wireless Communications (VTS News),” IEEE<br />
Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 111-117,<br />
September 2011.<br />
A. Alonso, K. Sjöberg, E. Uhlemann, E. Ström, and<br />
C.F. Mecklenbräuker, “Challenging Vehicular Scenarios<br />
for Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access,”<br />
presented at the 1 st COST IC1004 Management Committee<br />
Meeting, Lund, Sweden, TD(11)01031, Jun. 2011.<br />
2010<br />
Ström, E., E. Uhlemann and C.F. Mecklenbräuker,<br />
“Performance Metrics for mobile-to-mobile<br />
communications,” presented at 12th COST2100<br />
Management Committee Meeting, Bologna, Italy,<br />
TD(10)12026, Nov. 2010.<br />
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong><br />
43
44 CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
CERES Annual Report <strong>2012</strong>
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