Bioprospecting in Antarctica - UNU-IAS - United Nations University

Table of Contents
Foreword 5
1. Introduction 6
2. Review of Biological Prospecting Activities in Antarctica 7
2.1 Industry involvement 7
2.1.1 The case of Micromat 7
2.1.2 Other projects and activities 8
2.2 Patents 10
2.3 Concusions 12
3. Overview of Biological Prospecting Trends Elswhere 14
3.1 General industry trends 14
3.2 Bioprospecting for extremophiles 15
4. Bioprospecting and the Antarctic Treaty System 17
4.1 Legislative backgound 17
4.1.1 The Antarctic Treaty 17
4.1.2 Madrid Protocal 17
4.1.3 CCAMLR 18
4.1.4 CRAMRA
4.2 Activities of ATS Bodies 18
4.2.1 Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 19
4.2.2 Committee fo Environmental Protection 20
4.2.3 ATCM 20
5. International Policies Governing Biospheric Activities 22
5.1 UNCLOS 22
5.1.1 Part IX of UNCLOS, as modified fy the 1994 Agreement: The Area 22
5.1.2 Part XIII: Marine Scientific Research 22
5.1.3 Part XIV: Development and Transfer of Marine Technology 23
5.1.4 Regulations on Prospecting and Exploration for Polymetallic Nodules 23
5.1.5 UNICPOLOS and bioprospecting 24
5.2 The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) 25
5.2.1 The Bonn Guidelines on Access and Benefit-Sharing 26
5.2.2 The CBD’s applicability to Antarctica? 27
5.3 World Intellectual Property Organization 27
5.6 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 28
6. Conclusions 30
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