July 2009 Volume 20 Two - Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association

July 2009 Volume 20 Two
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2

Wedge-tailed Eagle at Tooradin,
July 10, 2009. Pictures: Liss Ralston
President’s letter
The field day at Harkness Road Gilgai Woodland reminded me of
the utter joy to be had in sharing time with similarly interested
individuals in the bush. Despite the extreme wind chill, the sheer
thrill of people eager to learn, share recollections and witness the
bush in all its moods was infectious. My camera — usually reserved for strictly
non-human subjects, was drawn towards the brightly coloured parkas, beanies
and the rapt expressions of my fellow expeditioners.
The subject of our day, bullants, was an opportunity for sharing vivid
childhood experiences. I was reminded of poking the nest in the nature-strip as
a child, my stomach churning with delicious terror as huge ants erupted with
unbelievable ferocity, chasing me several metres back up the driveway. Other
attendees shared similar stories, including a gruesome game of ‘chicken’ which
involving standing on a Meat Ant nest until the loser could no longer stand
the stings of the angry insects (don’t try this one at home, kiddies!).
I met several characters whose environmental acheivements have made their
names familiar. From the number of cameras and notebooks whirring away, I
have no doubt the event will have a ‘multiplier effect’ as these people pass on
their new found expertise.
The day’s success reflected the coordination by Melton’s Environmental
Education Officer (and IFFA’s events coordinator) Linda Bradburn, the
expertise of John Wainer and enthusiasm of fellow participants and Friend’s
groups. Brimbank Council and the Werribee CMA should be commended for
their part-subsidy that allowed all this to happen for just a modest financial
outlay by the participants
As proud as I am of IFFA’s blooming website and our beautiful newsletter,
events like these remind me of how the virtual and the solitary, pales beside
shared human experience in nature.
So, to paraphrase an old slogan, (wild)Life — Be in it!
Brian Bainbridge
2
On the website
http://www.iffa.org.au
Melbourne’s newest
[un]sustainable communities
Read about the biggest land-grab for
developers and the impact on native
vegetation to the north, west and southeast
of Melbourne. Submissions closed on 17
July, but there is more opportunity to be
involved.
IFFA’s Plants and
Animals Wiki
Over 100 indigenous plant species and
60 indigenous animal species are now
described on IFFA’s Wiki. The power of the
Wiki is that it allows anyone interested to
contribute their knowledge of the use of
indigenous species and their photography
to this joint enterprise. We are especially
interested in building its capacity to
illustrate the inter-relationships between
indigenous plants and animals.
At the moment it has a Victorian Volcanic
Plains flavour because of the fantastic
efforts of our President Brian Bainbridge.
But as it grows, we anticipate that
other bioregions will be included. Your
contributions are welcome.
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC

A load of Bullants
On a dull, frigid June morning
as a bitter wind scythed through
thin Greybox and Yellow Gum
trunks, nearly twenty hardy
Myrmecophiles* converged on
Harkness Road Gilgai Woodland,
Melton.
The y were drawn by
the promise of meeting
‘Myrmecia species 17’
a bullant
listed under
the FFG and EPBC
legislation. Our leader, John
Wainer, an ant expert from the Department of Primary
Industry has had a long acquaintance with this species.
The site contains a distinctive variant of the Plains
Woodland EVC (Walters and Frood, 2004) with an
understorey of various Chenopods (the Saltbush family).
Once proposed for a regional cemetery, the 33.4 hectares
has now been re-allocated to the protection of its unique
biodiversity.
John began with some history on our quarry. Bullants
are a uniquely Australian group of ants which retain several
primitive features. Myrmecia sp 17 was first identified by the
late Jenny Barnett on the nearby Long Forest 32 years ago.
The species has remained un-named since, a consequence of
the lamentable lack of ant taxonomists. The suggestion that
the ant’s name might one day commemorate Jenny and her
contribution to conservation was warmly received by the
assembly.
In the reserve, a likely nest was soon found and John
demonstrated the unsubtle method of stomping loudly near
the entrance to see if anyone were home. No ants responded.
‘Too sensible to get out of bed’ was the consensus of the
shivering human onlookers. A second nest yielded a single
reddish browny bullant — Myrmecia sp. 17! Although minus
one leg, the individual was bundled into a
viewing jar where it was intensely examined
and photographed like a diminutive Paris
Hilton.
The crowd could
smell ichor (insect
‘blood’) and
began to
scatter across
the woodland,
soon discovering
further nests.
Ian Faithfull bravely
allowed an ant to attack
his thick leather gloves. It
used its huge jaws to get a
hold while aiming its sting with
Dalek-like tenacity.
John was particularly keen to locate the
nest of a close relative of species 17, Myrmecia
nigriceps. When M. nigriceps were duly found,
even John struggled to separate the two
very similar ants. M. nigriceps is somewhat
brighter red than ‘17’ with a slightly duller
‘gaster’ (the bulbous final segments of
the abdomen) and the head is a smidge
blacker. John then led the search
for further Myrmecia species, soon
locating a few nests of Myrmecia
pyriformis, a handsome allblack
species with shiny red
jaws. Maintaining a flow
of fascinating facts, John
discussed partitioning
of resources, that allow
several related ant species to inhabit
the same area. Such research has led to important techniques
using ant assemblages as indicators of biodiversity. Myrmecia,
although tolerant of disturbance, are dependant on treed
habitats and are slow to recolonise deforested sites due to low
reproductive rates.
Other ants included Meat-ants, Iridomymex purpureus,
with their huge gravel strewn nests and two kinds of the
mid-size Camponotus (Honeypot) ants.
Myrmecia nigriceps
Species 17
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 3

Towards the end of the walk, some of us lifted our heads long
enough to glimpse woodland birds including Scarlet Robins,
Brown Tree-creepers and a flock of Varied Sittellas. The last
allowed a comparison of their habit of cork-screwing down the
trunk in search of insects in contrast with with the Tree-creepers,
which starts at the bottom and works upwards.
It was an absolute delight to be a part of this respectful,
knowledgeable group as it continually budded off side-groups to
investigate flora and other fauna. In following days, John Wainer
generously followed up his walk with confirmation on species
identification and extra pointers for following up questions.
Four absorbing hours later we shared a convivial (if chilly)
lunch beside Harkness Road before we hastening into our
vehicles and leaving the bullants of Melton in peace.
Report: Linda Bradburn
Pictures: Brian Bainbridge
*Myrmecophilia (appreciation of ants)
John Wainer’s investigation of Species 17
http://medusa.jcu.edu.au/crozier/croziergrouphome/
rosspage/myrmeciatheses/Wainer1996Report.pdf
Friends of Toolern Creek
http://www.fotc.com.au/
Jenny Barnett’s 1977 thesis introducing
17 (as Myrmecia sp. 10)
http://medusa.jcu.edu.au/crozier/
croziergrouphome/rosspage/
myrmeciatheses/Barnett1977thesis.
pdf
Varied Sitella. Walters, Bryan
and Frood, Doug 2004 Assessment of Natural Values
at Harkness Road, Melton.
Unpublished report for RJ Wigg, Department of Human Services.
Varied Sittella
Darryl Ackers
— an expert
at reading
his local
landscape
around
Melton.
Ian Faithfull’s
glove bears
the wrath of
17’s jaws and
sting
4
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC

One day under Flinders jetty
It was the last day in Australia for Rhonda, an exchange ranger from Canada, and the
plan was to see one of Victoria’s state emblems — the Weedy Seadragon
The late April weather wasn’t promising — a blustery
day with ragged clouds running across the sky. However, the
wind was from the north and Flinders jetty, a known lurking
spot of these Southern Australian marine creatures, would be
relatively sheltered.
We agreed to all meet at Flinders jetty, on the Western Port
Bay side of the Mornington Peninsula, having seen Weedy
Seadragons there previously (both by snorkelling – a lucky
chance, I think – and using scuba gear). After a leisurely cup
of hot chocolate and with one eye on the weather, we geared
up and started down the jetty.
The water was surprisingly clear and calm, and the marine
life covering the pier legs extraordinary in its variety of shapes,
colours and sizes. Ascidians and sponges in a dazzling array.
The more we looked, the more we saw. Unfortunately, I
couldn’t begin to put names to these – in the end, I could
only play “art appreciation” not “marine biologist”.
As we moved further towards the end of the jetty, we
started to see our quarry.
These dainty, timid creatures swim slowly and gracefully,
and are surprisingly difficult to photograph. They much
prefer to face the camera, keeping an eye on possible danger,
rather than turning sideways where their amazing colour
pattern of orange-red background, bright blue stripes and
many white spots and yellow markings can be admired. Tiny
fins are found on either side of their head for balance and
a long shimmering dorsal fin along their back propels their
body through the water. They are not strong swimmers and
are often found washed ashore after storms. However, they
do have a surprising turn of speed just when you have them
perfectly framed to photograph!
Long leaf-shaped flaps of skin protrude from stalk-like
bony projections at intervals along the top and bottom of
IFFA EVENT
Global Financial Crisis? No, Global Environmental Crisis!
Presented by Dr Roger N Jones. 2pm Sunday 30th August
Climate is changing faster than anticipated, and
even if the world manages to reach a peak in
emissions and global population around 2050,
the world is likely to have a population of about
9 billion and be 2°C warmer than pre-industrial
temperatures.
In Victoria since 1996, climate has already reached levels
of change that were projected for 2030-2050. Ecosystems
are responding to that change — wetlands and floodplain
ecosystems are under severe stress, tree dieback is
widespread in grassy ecosystems and woodland and wetland
birds are in decline. We are facing a global ecological
crisis. The world’s ecosystems underpin everything: our
economy, human livelihoods and environmental security.
This is green infrastructure. If we look at the current
investment in this infrastructure, it is being allowed to
decline to well below sustainable levels. However, by better
the body, and as well as looking like seaweed, their similar
swaying motion as seaweed in the water current makes them
difficult to spot.
Luckily, Flinders jetty is something of a haven for them
and, particularly in winter and in their spring breeding time,
large numbers gather in the shelter provided by the pier.
The males (like sea horses) carry the eggs for up to 2 months
before the baby seadragons hatch as miniature versions of the
adults, just 2.5 centimetres long.
Weedy seadragons can grow up to 46cm long and live for
up to 10 years. They eat plankton, sea lice, larval fishes and
small shrimp-like crustaceans called mysids.
Along with pipe fish and seahorses (which can also be
found at Flinders jetty – although we didn’t see any today),
they are members of the Syngnathidae family. They are
found only along the coast line of southern Australia usually
in shallow water (up to 50m deep) mainly inhabiting kelp
forests, reef edges, seagrass meadows and seaweed beds.
We saw our ones in 2 metres of water in the seaweed bed
alongside the jetty.
The Weedy Seadragon was selected as Victoria’s official
marine faunal emblem by public nomination in 2002, and is
fully protected under the Victorian Fisheries Act 1995.
The aim of the day was met, with Rhonda’s experience
of Victorian flora and fauna rounded out with the intricate,
beautiful marine life on our rocky shores.
The Canadian ranger saw her Weedy Seadragons,
Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, and Parks Victoria ranger Jono
Stevenson filled in the marine biology side for us all.
Jo James
OVERLEAF: A beautiful pictorial record of the day
understanding ecological processes and how they maintain
this infrastructure, we can learn how to build resilience into
adaptation planning. It is time that departments of finance
and treasury became interested in green infrastructure. We
need a business plan for ecosystems.
Dr Roger N Jones, previously with CSIRO, is now Professorial
Research Fellow of the Centre for Strategic Economic Studies,
Victoria University.
2pm Sunday 30th August at Victoria University City Campus,
300 Flinders Street Melbourne (opposite Flinders Street
Station) 11th floor room 1101.
Don’t forget you can buy a Sunday Saver Metcard for $3.10
that will get you there and back again on public transport
from anywhere in Melbourne.
All welcome. Enquiries to Michele Arundell,
phone (03) 9755 3347 or email michelearundell@yahoo.com
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 5

1
Jo James & Jono Stevenson
One
day
2
3 4 5
under Flinders jetty
6
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC
6
7

8 9
10 11
12
1 Weedy Seadragon, Phyllopteryx taeniolatus.
Jo James
2 Jetty pile invertebrates. JJ
3
Feather Duster Worm, Sabellastarte sp.
Jono Stevenson
4 Sessile invertibrates. JJ
5 Ornate Cowfish, Aracana ornata. JJ
6 Smooth Back Ray, Dasyatis brevicaudata. JJ
7 Cauliflower Ear
8 White Striped Anemone,
Anthothoe albocinta. JS
9 Southern Goatfish, Upeneichthys vlamingii. JS
10 Short tailed Nudibranch,
Ceratosoma brevicaudatum. JS
11 Jetty pile invertebrates. JJ
12 Juvenile Victorian Scalyfin, Parma victoriae. JJ
13 Draughtboard Shark eggcase. JS
14 Purple Urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma. JS
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 7
13 14

Monash Uni indigenous food garden
I
am truly blessed. For, although I work in the lightindustrial
heartland of Melbourne’s South Eastern
suburbs, it is also home of the Clayton campus of
Monash University.
In the midst of the grounds is a small oasis. Located near
the Halls of Residence and the Lake, lies the indigenous
garden. It is here that it is my privilege to walk each day. I
like the early morning best. As the students pass me, they
are seemingly oblivious to the natural wonder and beauty of
their surroundings.
The garden itself is pleasantly laid
out on the hill between the Loop
Road and the Lake. It has a wonderful
collection of indigenous plants, neatly
labelled with their name and the
purpose to which they were put by the
local Aboriginal people.
Some examples include:
Kabin: Running Postman, Kennedia
prostrata. Flower-honey; stem tying.
Warpur: Native Willow,
Pittosporum phillyreoides.
Seed and gum can be eaten.
Gurgudj: Ruby Saltbush,
Enchylaena tormentosa. Fruit eaten.
Ngoor-le: Coast Beard-heath,
Leucopogon parviflorus (right).
Fruit eaten.
To the west, at the top of the hill, lies a huge tree trunk on
it side. There is an interesting shape cut into it. The nearby
sign says “The scar on this tree was created a long time ago
by the Wurundjeri balluk people of the Yarra Valley when
they cut out a piece of the bark to make a shield. The tree was
recently donated by the Wurundjeri people.”
Aside from the plants, the area is a magnet for a variety
of birds. Recently there have been Little Pied Cormorants,
Straw-Necked Ibis, a White Faced Heron as well as the usual
quota of common ducks etc. The last week has seen a flock
of Rainbow Lorikeets making a
cacophony in the trees above the
lake.
If you are in the area and
have a spare moment I invite
you to come and take a look
and enjoy the sights and sounds
of this little piece of heaven.
(Melways 575)
Perhaps other members
would care to share their
favourite spot?
Finally I would like to thank
Beth Gott for all her efforts in
making this garden happen.
Lawrie Hanson
8
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC

Frogs
in Melton
Whistling Treefrog
Melton has an enviable and quite distinct diversity of frogs, despite being in the drier
western region of Melbourne and despite its status as one of the fastest growing
municipalities. Seven species have been recorded in the Melton area so far.
In 2008, after a long dry spring, Melton waterways were
dry; consisting of small isolated waterholes separated
by stretches of dry, parched creek bed. Early December
suddenly brought a weekend of dramatic rains. Creeks
ran high and local wetlands that had been long empty
were filled with water. Waterways that had been silent were
suddenly loud with frog calls. This meant it was a good time
for Melton Environment Group to record frog calls for the
Melbourne Water Frog Census.
Three common frog species, Pobblebonks, Common
Froglets and Spotted Marsh Frogs, were calling loudly in
numerous localities around Melton. The Pobblebonks were
particularly conspicuous, giving their loud territorial “growl”
and grappling aggressively with each other in the submerged
vegetation.
The various frog species can be readily identified by their
distinctive calls, even though the frogs remain unseen. The
loud resonant “bonk” of the Pobblebonk (Limnodynastes
dumerilli), also called Banjo Frog, is the most recognizable.
Almost everyone living in close proximity to a waterway is
familiar with this call, heard mainly during warmer weather.
It also has a distinct territorial “growling” call. The Common
Froglet (Crinia signifera) is by far Melton’s commonest frog.
Its cricket-like “creek creek creek” is heard all year round and
almost anywhere there is water, with vegetation cover. The
“tic” of the Spotted Marsh Frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis)
is heard in open, grassy or rocky ponds, often with little or no
vegetation cover. They seem to be the first frogs to colonise
the new man-made wetlands that are often now mandated for
new residential development; and they are often heard where
no other frog species are heard. A significant proportion of
Spotted Marsh Frogs in the Melton area have a rapid fire call,
a series of 4-5 “tics”, as heard in northern and central Victoria,
rather than the single “tic” usually heard in Melton (and in the
rest of southern Victoria). The line of demarcation between
the two populations of marsh frogs may not be as strictly
defined as existing records may suggest.
The soft purring call of the Spadefoot Toad (Neobatrachus
sudelli) can also be heard in Melton South, in chorus with the
more raucous Froglets, Pobblebonks and Marsh Frogs. This
colony of Spadefoot Toads was discovered calling in Rees Road
wetland in Melton South in May 2007. These burrowing frogs
avoid the drought by spending most of their lives beneath
the ground, only emerging to feed and breed when heavy
rain falls. These are only heard at night, and until 2008 they
had only been recorded at a single wetland in Melton South.
These frogs have been recorded by the Melbourne Water Frog
Census in Melton South, Sunbury and Patterson Lakes only.
In 2007, while recording these calls for the census,
environmental science student Richard Akers heard the faint
high pitched whistling calls of Whistling Treefrogs, echoing
across the paddocks in the distance. Driving around muddy
tracks in the dark, following the whistling calls, indicated that
they were calling from somewhere near the adjacent Arnolds
Creek. An unwillingness to venture into muddy paddocks
with a small sedan limited closer investigation.
When heavy rains came again in December 2008 the
area was again visited. It was decided to check a
small dam that was once in the middle of paddocks
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 9

only a few years ago but is now close beside a rapidly growing
residential neighbourhood. This small insignificant looking
wetland was formed by the damming of a deep gully, creating
a narrow deep dam. Intermittent flows in Botanica Springs
Creek after rain cause the water level to fluctuate wildly. Some
sedges and numerous weeds grow around the edges and rocky
shelves, strewn with builders’ rubbish. The previous week
the dam was half empty, the waterline surrounded by
bare rocky banks. After heavy rain the previously
high and dry grass was now submerged and
water was running over the bank. There was
also a deafening chorus of frog calls. Numerous
Pobblebonks were hopping about on the wet
ground.
The calls of the usual Pobblebonks,
Spotted Marsh Frogs and Common
Froglets were almost drowned out by
the piercing birdlike calls of Whistling Treefrogs
(Litoria verreauxi). Although these frogs are
quite small (2-4cm,) their calls are surprisingly
loud, and can be heard over a kilometer way. At
close range this can be deafening. After a while,
as the night grew darker, the soft purring of
Spadefoot Toads could also be heard. Five frog
species made this a record for Melton. A visit
the following evening brought a greater surprise.
As we approached the dam Richard remarked
that he could hear a Growling Grass Frog (Litoria
raniformis). The narrow dam with its lack of aquatic
vegetation looked the most unlikely place to find one
of these threatened frogs. However the loud growling
call coming from the water’s edge was unmistakable. It
continued to call loudly as the digital recorder was placed
close by. Despite the loudness of its call the frog itself
remained unseen among the submerged grasses. The following
night he recorded three Growling Grass Frogs. This made a
total of six frog species from a single small wetland, (Treefrog
Hollow?) and an unlikely looking one at that. Faint treefrog
calls were also heard from two other similar dams across the
paddocks, indicating future frog census activity after the next
heavy rains.
Several hundred metres upstream, at the beginning
of 2008, a manmade wetland was created as
part of a new residential development. This
wetland, Botanica Springs, was
extensively planted with indigenous
plants. A year later the wetland
is now densely fringed with
several species of rushes,
and edged with large
tussocks of Poa grass
and Lomandra,
interspersed with
small teatrees,
Whistling Treefrog Spadefoot Toad
10
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC

Common Froglet
bottlebrushes and Red Gums. The wetland now supports
numerous Spotted Marsh Frogs and Pobblebonks, with
a few Common Froglets. As the wetland vegetation
becomes more diverse we may expect the wildlife
population to become more diverse also.
Hopefully some of the Growling Grass Frogs will find
their way upstream to this wetland.
The recordings from this and several other wetlands
around Melton were forwarded to Melbourne Water Frog
Census, with data sheets attached. A description of this
wetland and the surprising diversity of frogs found there,
especially the information concerning the threatened
Growling Grass Frogs, was also forwarded to the Melton
Shire Environmental Department. Growling Grass Frogs
are protected under the Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
This has since resulted in an EPBC referral prior to
a residential development taking place beside this site.
This should result in future development here being more
frog-sensitive (and as a result more wildlife friendly).
This is a positive result from Melbourne Water Frog
Census activity. Thanks to Melton Shire Environmental
Department for their alertness in referring the existence
of the Growling Grass Frogs. This environmental
awareness by Melton Shire should help ensure that future
residential development in Melton is conducted in an
environmentally sensitive manner. It also shows the value
of keeping your local council’s environmental department
informed of what wildlife is found around your region,
especially threatened species.
Daryl Akers
Photos are by Richard Akers. The Spadefoot Toad photos
were taken in August 2007, when we first heard them
in Rees Rd. All the other photos were taken on 21st
December 2008 at the Clarkes Road dam.
INDIGENOTES VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2
Indigenous Flora and
Fauna Association
IFFA aims to promote the appreciation,
study, conservation and management of
indigenous flora and fauna
iffa.org.au
Incorporated Association No: A0015723B
Office Bearers
President: Brian Bainbridge, 7 Jukes Rd
Fawkner 3060 (03) 9359 0290(ah)
email: president@iffa.org.au
Vice-President: Vanessa Craigie,
email: vicepres@iffa.org.au, phone 94973730 (ah).
Secretary: Michele Arundell (03) 9755 3347 (ah)
email: secretary@iffa.org.au
Membership Development Officer: Dimi Bouzalas
(03) 93860264
email: membership@iffa.org.au
Treasurer: Ranbir Baath, 0423 274 777.
email: treasurer@iffa.org.au
Committee members: Liz Henry, (03) 9890 4542 (h),
Jon Greening.
Activities Officer: Linda Bradburn, 6 Stephen Street, West
Preston, (03) 9416 7184(ah), email activities@iffa.org.au.
Editor: Tony Faithfull, (03) 9386 0264 (ah). 21 Harrison St East
Brunswick 3057. editor@iffa.org.au
Public Officer: Peter Wlodarzyck, 0418 317 725
email: greybox-grasslands@bigpond.com
Webmaster: Tony Faithfull, web@iffa.org.au
Indigenotes is the newsletter of the Indigenous Flora and
Fauna Association. The views expressed in Indigenotes are not
necessarily those of the Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association.
Call for articles
Indigenotes is a newsletter by IFFA members for IFFA
members. Stories, snippets, photos, reports from members
are always welcome. If it’s something you’re doing with
flora or fauna or habitat, write it down and send it to
the editor at editor@iffa.org.au. Send contributions in
electronic form, either on disc or by email.
Membership
$40 for non-profit organizations,
$50 for corporations,
$25 for individuals and families,
or $20 concession.
Membership includes
4 issues of Indigenotes per year,
• Enhanced access to IFFA’s website at iffa.org.au
• Discount subscription to Ecological Management &
Restoration Journal (2008 price is $62.70, inc GST)
Members should check the mailing label to ascertain
the status of their membership. If an invoice is required,
please send a purchase order requesting an invoice.
Membership applications and renewals should be sent to
the Secretary, 123 Monbulk Road Kallista 3791.
11

One day
under Flinders jetty
Report, pictorial 5, 6-7
Cover: Weedy Seadragon,
Phyllopteryx taeniolatus. Jo James
Below: Southern Biscuit Star,
Tosia australis. J Stevenson
President’s letter, web news 2
Excursion report 3-4
Upcoming IFFA event 6
Monash Uni indigenous food garden 8
Frogs of Melton 9-10
Contents
Editorial, IFFA field trip details 2
New ecological community listings 3
What is Swifft? 5
Iffa field trip report 6-7
Friends of Stony Creek 8-9
Book review 10
Contact us 11
INDIGENOUS FLORA AND FAUNA ASSOCIATION INC