GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY WATCH 2010

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Table of contents Preface ............................................................................. 7 Introduction ...................................................................... 9 ThemATIC reports The carbon footprint of ICTs ........................................... 15 ICTs, sustainability and the green economy .................... 17 ICTs and climate change research: The emerging development agenda ................................ 20 Tackling e-waste ............................................................. 23 Smart technologies ......................................................... 26 Green grassroots technologies ....................................... 29 Building advocacy networks ........................................... 32 Institutional overview Institutional overview ..................................................... 37 IndICATors for measuring green ICTs Indicators for measuring green ICTs ............................... 43 green Mapping What kind of space is the “sustainable home”? .............. 49 Regional and country reports Introduction (Re)claiming the environment ........................................ 59 Regional reports South Asia ............................................................... 61 East Africa ............................................................... 64 Middle East and North Africa ................................... 67 Europe ..................................................................... 70 North America ......................................................... 73 Latin America and the Caribbean ............................. 76 Country reports Argentina ................................................................. 79 Australia .................................................................. 83 Bangladesh .............................................................. 87 Benin ....................................................................... 90 Bolivia ...................................................................... 92 Bosnia and Herzegovina .......................................... 95 Brazil ........................................................................ 99 Bulgaria ................................................................. 101 Cameroon .............................................................. 105 Chile ...................................................................... 108 Colombia ............................................................... 111 Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC) .................. 114 Congo, Republic of ................................................ 117 Costa Rica ............................................................. 120 Croatia ................................................................... 123 Ecuador ................................................................. 126 Egypt ..................................................................... 129 Ethiopia .................................................................. 132 France .................................................................... 135 India ...................................................................... 138 Iran ........................................................................ 142 Iraq ........................................................................ 145 Jamaica ................................................................. 148 Japan ..................................................................... 152 Jordan ................................................................... 155 Kazakhstan ............................................................ 158 Kenya ..................................................................... 161 Korea, Republic of ................................................. 164 Kyrgyzstan ............................................................. 167 Mexico ................................................................... 170 Morocco ................................................................ 173 Nepal ..................................................................... 176 Netherlands ........................................................... 179 Nigeria ................................................................... 182 Occupied Palestinian Territory ............................... 185 Pakistan ................................................................. 187 Peru ....................................................................... 191 Philippines ............................................................. 195 Romania ................................................................ 199 Rwanda .................................................................. 202 Saudi Arabia .......................................................... 205 Senegal .................................................................. 208 South Africa ........................................................... 210 Spain ..................................................................... 213 Sweden .................................................................. 216 Switzerland ............................................................ 219 Syria ...................................................................... 222 Uganda .................................................................. 225 United Kingdom ..................................................... 229 Uruguay ................................................................. 233 Uzbekistan ............................................................. 236 Venezuela ............................................................... 239 Zimbabwe .............................................................. 242
Preface Global negotiations in Copenhagen in 2009 did not make much progress in addressing the critical challenges posed by climate change. Some people argue that information and communications technologies (ICTs) are amongst the most important tools for addressing climate change. At the same time, increased consumption and production of ICTs contribute to harmful emissions and waste. The ICT for development (ICT4D) sector is only just beginning to realise that it needs to consider some of the potential contradictions in its efforts to rapidly expand ICT infrastructure in developing countries. In the developed world, the ubiquitousness of ICTs means that they have become almost invisible – and this “invisibility” extends to their potential for harmful impacts on the environment. In this context, GISWatch 2010 makes an important contribution as the voice of global civil society, and is aimed at both beginners and experts in the fields of ICTs and climate change, electronic waste (e‐waste), and the use of ICTs for environmental good generally. The reports in this volume do not take a single point of view on ICTs and environmental sustainability: instead there are counterpoints here, arguments and implicit or explicit disagreements that show a vibrant and critical arena that has started to receive attention once again in recent years. They are, importantly, a rallying cry for ICT4D organisations, consumers of electronics, and government and business stakeholders to pay attention to the environment. Business plans, roll-out agendas, and developmental strategies will, many of these reports argue, have to change for a sustainable future. Environmental challenges provide an opportunity to place sustainable development at the core of our thinking and practice. Sustainable development involves consideration of economic development, social development and environmental protection. Growth is not always sustainable. Economic growth alone can entrench existing inequalities in access to power and resources, and create new ones, or it can challenge those inequalities: neither is inevitable. GISWatch 2010 includes seven thematic reports, dealing with the global ICT footprint, emerging research agendas, sustainability, e‐waste, smart technologies, green grassroots technologies, and building advocacy networks, as well as an institutional overview and a consideration of green indicators. There is also, as with GISWatch 2009, a mapping section – an exciting new addition to the GISWatch report. This year it offers a comparative analysis of “green” media spheres on the web. There are six regional reports, from South Asia, East Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Europe, North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean, which precede 53 individual country reports – five more than last year, despite the relative newness of the topic. GISWatch aims to make a critical contribution to building a people-centred information society. Its purpose is to stimulate a collaborative approach to policy advocacy and create a common platform where disparate experiences can be shared, and progress – and lack of progress – assessed. Ultimately, it hopes to impact on policy development processes in countries, regions and at a global level. We hope you find GISWatch 2010 inspiring and challenging. n Anriette Esterhuysen Director, Association for Progressive Communications (APC) Manuela Monteiro Director, Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries (Hivos) Preface / 7
Page 1 and 2: Global Information Society Watch 20
Page 3: Global Information Society Watch 20
Page 7 and 8: as in Nigeria, where the environmen
Page 9 and 10: Thematic reports Institutional over
Page 11 and 12: facilitate innovations and social a
Page 13 and 14: their volume of obsolete PCs - to t
Page 15 and 16: ICTs and climate change research: T
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2. E-resilience Framework Vu
Page 19 and 20: Gold is used in computers to ensure
Page 21 and 22: Smart technologies Peet du Plooy Tr
Page 23 and 24: Some of the world’s leading busin
Page 25 and 26: Internet and computer lessons Nguru
Page 27 and 28: Building advocacy networks Pavel P.
Page 29 and 30: While the environmental community s
Page 31 and 32: Institutional overview Abebe Chekol
Page 33 and 34: e engaged because it is a sector th
Page 35 and 36: Indicators for measuring green ICTs
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Benchmarking format exampl
Page 39 and 40: Green mapping Institutional Regiona
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1. Issue network disclosed b
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. “What you can do”: Gr
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6. Green home blogs perspect
Page 47 and 48: Regional and country reports Instit
Page 49 and 50: needs. This is a business practice
Page 51 and 52: Plan 2008 12 talks about establishi
Page 53 and 54: egional report East Africa Alice Mu
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esearch and advocacy activities, su
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As far as the local private sector
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egional report Europe Rozália Klá
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A European Commission report 16 ide
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issues relating to greening ICTs id
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egional report Latin America and th
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Nevertheless, it is difficult to ju
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• Classroom Recycling Project: 11
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New trends In April 2010 a new draf
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come into effect until 2011, the NC
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• Declare an outright national ba
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Lack of awareness Two things are ve
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BENIN GOREeTIC Barnabé Affougnon w
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BOLIVIA REDES Foundation for Sustai
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cables (used in 96% of homes), mobi
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small hydro plants will destroy the
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these elements can generate a virtu
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manufacturers, and ensure that soci
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Operative Programme for Administrat
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environmentally conscious consumers
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Table 1. ICT equipment entering the
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Chile Centro de Investigación de l
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New trends An interesting experienc
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stage of climate change impact asse
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Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC)
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combination of data from hundreds o
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Where does e-waste come from? An an
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Costa rica Cooperativa Sulá Batsú
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Organisations that work in environm
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estimated 55,000 to 60,000 tonnes o
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ECUADOR IMAGINAR Hugo Carrión www.
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Action steps • It is a priority t
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for Environmental Affairs (MSEA) an
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Ethiopia Ethiopian Free and Open So
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Such institutions include the Forum
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vehicle for the production of waste
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india Digital Empowerment Foundatio
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equipment and setting up of take-ba
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IRAN Arseh Sevom Sohrab Razzaghi an
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Instead, an organised civil society
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as well as a lack of international
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Jamaica Telecommunications Policy a
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There is also the need for organise
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JAPAN Nomura Research Institute (NR
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data centres in Japan that offer se
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However, the MoE is currently devel
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Kazakhstan Andrew P. Beklemishev an
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country provide hope for recycling
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verification of conformity programm
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Korea, Republic of Korean Progressi
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Old mobile phones are mostly collec
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The PAP also helped reduce travel r
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MEXICO LaNeta Olinca Marino www.lan
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extended producer responsibility (E
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concentrated in five of the most im
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NEPAL Panos South Asia (PSA) Kishor
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patterns and glacial activities. A
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country. 9 The number of subscripti
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NIGERIA Fantsuam Foundation John Da
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advocacy groups, state and local go
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and the IT technician to decide whe
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Table 1. Environmental priorities a
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ICTs and climate change Pakistan is
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campaigns for the population and co
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• SIRA Arequipa, administered by
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Table 1. PC stock in the Philippine
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Action steps To be fair to governme
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Other national measures related to
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Rwanda Media High Council Emmanuel
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framework for e‐waste management.
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ange of vehicles also includes Chev
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SENEGAL GOREeTIC Coura Fall www.gor
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South Africa groundWork Rico Euripi
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Illegal imports slip through While
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achieved by each treatment method a
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SWEDEN APC Henrik Almström www.apc
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Action steps As has been described
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computers. 9 Building on this exper
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SYRIA Anas Tawileh Introduction In
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more media coverage is dedicated to
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• The Waste and Hazardous Waste M
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• To develop a critical human res
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Ireland, Wales and Scotland have th
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Action steps • To reduce the ecol
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on the environment. It is also clai
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Uzbekistan GIPI Uzbekistan Imam Zay
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ole of ICTs and the media in enviro
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[also] has a significant impact on
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ZIMBABWE E-Knowledge for Women in S
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The Hazardous Substances and Articl
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