Applications of Braid Theory

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Solar Helicity Observations Current helicity j z /B z from vector magnetograms (Abramenko et al 1997; Pevtsov & Latushko 2002) Effects <strong>of</strong> differential rotation on active regions (van Ballegooijen et al 1998; B & Ruzmaikin 2000; Devore 2000; Green et al 2002; Nindos et al 2003) Helicity flow through photosphere (Kusano et al 2002; Tian 2003; Démoulin & B 2003; Chae et al 2004; Kusano et al 2005; Pariat et al 2006; Longcope 2007) Magnetograms plus best‐fit force‐free free extrapolations (Démoulin et al 2002; Aulanier et al 2002, 2005)
Sigmoids S<strong>of</strong>t X‐ray brightenings g first identified in Yohkoh (Rust & Kumar 1996). Most (91%) active regions containing sigmoids also display filaments (Pevtsov 2002). Sigmoids are mostly S shaped in the South and shaped in the North
Page 1 and 2: Braids, Twist, Writhe, & Solar Acti
Page 3 and 4: Hemispheric Chirality Sunspot whorl
Page 5 and 6: For closed curves and fields: Magne
Page 7 and 8: global and regional helicities Let
Page 9: What if curves go up and down? 1. C
Page 13 and 14: Flux Tube Models Twisted Flux tubes
Page 15 and 16: (2004, 2005) Kliem & Török simula
Page 17 and 18: Linking, Twist, and Writhe Calugare
Page 19 and 20: A trefoil knot and its tantrix curv
Page 21 and 22: Helicity Decomposition Magnetic Hel
Page 23 and 24: This methods divides up a curve int
Page 25 and 26: Writhe can also be defined for loop
Page 27 and 28: Kinked Loop: Sine Height profile he

Applications of Braid Theory

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