TRELLEBORG RIDDERKERK B.V. - VKRT
TRELLEBORG RIDDERKERK B.V. - VKRT
TRELLEBORG RIDDERKERK B.V. - VKRT
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong> B.V.<br />
ANDRE Structural Isolation Bearings<br />
Vereniging van Kunststof en Rubber Technologen<br />
December 10, 2009<br />
Ashley Haines
Rubber Springs to Protect Buildings<br />
• Development and durability of laminated natural rubber bearings<br />
• Basic theory of isolation<br />
• Vibration isolation of the RACM-KADE building in Amersfoort<br />
• Seismic isolation<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
2
Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
3<br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants
Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889)<br />
A section of the 100-year old rubber still in good condition<br />
1 division is 1mm<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
4<br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants
Flinders Street Station, Melbourne, Australia (1889)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants<br />
5
Pelham Bridge, Lincoln, UK (1957)<br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
6
Pelham Bridge Bearings (1957), Tested in 1994<br />
Stiffness increase over 37 years ≈ 7 %<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants<br />
7
Albany Court, London (1965)<br />
District and Circle lines<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong>
Albany Court (1965) 15-Year Creep Deflection<br />
Creep rate within predicted levels of 6 mm in 100 years<br />
Bearings are still providing effective isolation today<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
9<br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants
Natural Frequency<br />
Natural frequency depends on<br />
• Supported mass (kg)<br />
• Spring stiffness (N/m)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong>
Transmissibility<br />
Ratio of ground vibration amplitude to building vibration amplitude<br />
b<br />
a<br />
c<br />
d<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
11
To Achieve Isolation<br />
Frequency of the ground vibration<br />
______________________________________<br />
Natural frequency of the isolated building<br />
≥ 1.41<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
12
Natural Frequency nf (Hz)<br />
Natural Frequency versus Bearing Deflection<br />
16<br />
14<br />
12<br />
10<br />
8<br />
nf<br />
1<br />
x<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Lower nf higher performance<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50<br />
Deflection x (mm)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
13
RACM Building in Amersfoort (2008)<br />
Mixed use:<br />
• Library<br />
• Offices<br />
• Auditorium<br />
• Laboratories<br />
• Exhibition spaces<br />
• Museum<br />
Floor area 14600 m 2<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
14
Building Location<br />
Location<br />
Very close to heavily used rail lines<br />
Apeldoorn to Utrecht and Zwolle to Utrecht<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
15
Bearing Specification<br />
Design Life (minimum)<br />
Natural Frequency (maximum)<br />
60 years<br />
4.5 Hz<br />
Four Vertical Designs<br />
58 no. Column Type 1 1500 kN<br />
70 no. Column Type 2 1100 kN<br />
16 no. Wall Type 3 750 kN<br />
487 no. Wall Type 4 200 kN<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
16
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Column Bearings
Bearing Type 1<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
18
Tests to Verify Bearing Designs<br />
• Load versus deflection<br />
• Load v. natural frequency<br />
• Creep test<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants<br />
19
Natural frequency (Hz)<br />
Bearing Type 1: Natural Frequency versus Load<br />
6<br />
5,5<br />
5<br />
Specification 4.5 Hz<br />
4,5<br />
4<br />
3,5<br />
4.3 Hz<br />
Design<br />
Load 1500 kN<br />
3<br />
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000<br />
Load (kN)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
20
Bearing Type 1: Creep Test under 1500 kN<br />
Creep rate: 1.7 % of the initial bearing<br />
deflection per log decade of time<br />
Over 60 years the creep deflection<br />
will be in the order of 3 mm<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
21
Bearing Performance Summary<br />
Bearing<br />
Type<br />
Dimensions<br />
(mm)<br />
Service Load<br />
(kN)<br />
Deflection<br />
(mm)<br />
Natural<br />
Frequency<br />
(Hz)<br />
1 500 x 500 x 324 1500 22 4.3<br />
2 500 x 500 x 324 1100 21 4.3<br />
3 400 x 400 x 316 750 22 4.3<br />
4 250 x 250 x 214 200 21 4.5<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
22
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
23
Seismic Isolation<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
24
Kobe Earthquake (1995)<br />
Courtesy of Seismic Isolation Engineering Inc.<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
25
Kobe Earthquake (1995)<br />
Courtesy of Seismic Isolation Engineering Inc.<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
26
Conventional Building<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
27
Base Isolated Building<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
28
Bearing Design<br />
Compression stiffness > 1000 x shear stiffness<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
29<br />
Courtesy of Rubber Consultants
500 mm Diameter Bearing (53 x 5 mm layers)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
30
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
31
1100 mm Diameter Bearings<br />
Shear Displacement ± 610 mm. Vertical Load 10 MN<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
32
Examples of USA Seismic Isolation Projects<br />
• 911 EOCC, San Francisco<br />
• Cathedral, Los Angeles<br />
• Hearst Mining Building, Berkeley<br />
• LAC + USC Hospital, Los Angeles<br />
• Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach<br />
• First American Corp., Santa Ana<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
33
911 Emergency Operation Communications Centre (2000)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
34<br />
Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc.
911 EOCC (2002), Installed Bearing<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc.<br />
35
911 EOCC (2002), Flexible Service Connections<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
Courtesy of Forell Elsesser Engineers Inc.<br />
36
Cathedral of Our Lady of The Angels (2002)<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
37<br />
Courtesy of Nabih Youssef & Associates
Cathedral of Our Lady of The Angels (2002)<br />
Courtesy of Nabih Youssef & Associates<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
38
Conclusions<br />
• Durability: Proven life > 100 years<br />
• Maintenance free<br />
• Accommodates misalignment & easy to install<br />
• Comparable vibration isolation performance to steel springs<br />
• Small inherent hysteresis to dampen resonant frequencies<br />
• Lower transmission of acoustic frequencies<br />
• High energy capacity enabling compact bearing designs<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
39
Thank you for your attention<br />
<strong>TRELLEBORG</strong> <strong>RIDDERKERK</strong><br />
www.trelleborg.com<br />
40 October 2, 2008
Change language