Thermostimulated luminescence of SrB
Thermostimulated luminescence of SrB
Thermostimulated luminescence of SrB
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
)XQFWLRQDO 0DWHULDOV 1R <br />
Š Û ,QVWLWXWH IRU 6LQJOH &U\VWDOV<br />
7KHUPRVWLPXODWHGOXPLQHVFHQFHRI6U% 2 <br />
VLQJOHFU\VWDOVDQGJODVVHV<br />
0)'XERYLN7,.RUVKLNRYDÜ@<br />
7KH WKHUPROXPLQHVFHQFH SURSHUWLHV RI D<br />
PDWHULDO DUH NQRZQ WR YDU\ FRQVLGHUDEO\ GH<br />
SHQGLQJ RQ WKH PDWHULDO GHIHFWQHVV H[WHQW<br />
)RU H[DPSOH IRU /L % 2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV DS<br />
SUHFLDEOH GLVWLQFWLRQV LQ WKH VKDSH DQG LQ<br />
WHQVLW\ RI 76/ FXUYHV KDYH EHHQ REVHUYHG<br />
GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH JURZWK FRQGLWLRQV DQG WKH<br />
SXULW\ JUDGH RI LQLWLDO PDWHULDOV >@7KH<br />
VWXG\ RI VXFK UHJXODULWLHV FDQ EH XVHG WR<br />
)XQFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV <br />
GHYHORS DQG RSWLPL]H WKH SURFHGXUHV IRU HV<br />
WLPDWLRQ RI D PDWHULDO VWUXFWXUH SHUIHFWLRQ<br />
>@$W WKH VDPH WLPH OLWHUDWXUH GDWD RQ WKH<br />
HIIHFW RI 6%2 GHIHFWQHVV H[WHQW RQ LWV WKHU<br />
PROXPLQHVFHQFH SURSHUWLHV DUH UDWKHU VFDUFH<br />
WRGD\,Q WKLV FRQQHFWLRQ WKH ZRUN >@ LV<br />
ZRUWK WR PHQWLRQ ZKHUH WKH RSWLFDO SURSHU<br />
WLHV RI SRO\FU\VWDOOLQH VWURQWLXP WHWUDERUDWH<br />
VWRUDJH SKRVSKRUV KDYH EHHQ WHVWHG DV IXQF<br />
WLRQV RI WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ FRQGLWLRQV<br />
7KHUH DUH QR VLPLODU GDWD IRU XQGRSHG 6%2<br />
VLQJOH FU\VWDOV7KLV ZRUN LV DLPHG DW FRP<br />
SDUDWLYH FRQVLGHUDWLRQ RI UDGLDWLRQVHQVLWLYH<br />
SURSHUWLHV RI 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV SRO\FU\V<br />
WDOV DQG JODVVHV<br />
7KH 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV ZHUH JURZQ DV<br />
GHVFULEHG LQ >@7KH PP WKLFN WDEOHWV RI<br />
PP LQ GLDPHWHU ZHUH SURGXFHG E\ FRP<br />
SDFWLQJ WKH V\QWKHVL]HG 6%2 SRZGHUV XQGHU<br />
3D ORDGLQJ7KH V\QWKHVLV ZDV SHU<br />
IRUPHG E\ VROLG SKDVH WHFKQLTXH DW WR
0)'XERYLN HW DO 7KHUPRVWLPXODWHG OXPLQHVFHQFH RI<br />
. LQ DLU6WURQWLXP FDUERQDWH VSHFLDO<br />
SXULW\ JUDGH DQG ERULF DFLG DQDO\WLFDO SX<br />
ULW\ JUDGH ZHUH XVHG DV VWDUWLQJ FRPSR<br />
QHQWV7KH SKDVH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI ILQDO SURG<br />
XFW ZDV FKHFNHG E\ ;UD\ SKDVH DQDO\VLV<br />
;3$)RU FRPSDFWLQJ D ZHLJKHG SRZGHU<br />
VDPSOH ZDV PL[HG ZLWK DTXHRXV SRO\YLQ\O<br />
DOFRKRO VROXWLRQ DQG WULWXUDWHG WKRU<br />
RXJKO\7KH 6%2 JODVVHV ZHUH SUHSDUHG E\<br />
PHOWLQJ WKH SUHV\QWKHVL]HG 6U% 2 LQ D SODWL<br />
QXP FUXFLEOH7KH PHOW ZDV KHDWHG XS WR<br />
S& KROG DW WKDW WHPSHUDWXUH XQWLO WKH<br />
FRPSOHWH KRPRJHQL]DWLRQ DQG UHPRYDO DQ\<br />
JDV EXEEOHV DQG WKHQ SRXUHG RQWR D SODWLQXP<br />
SODWH DQG FRROHG WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH IXUQDFH<br />
7KH VSHFWUDO DQG OXPLQHVFHQFH SURSHUWLHV<br />
RI 6%2 VDPSOHV ZHUH VWXGLHG XVLQJ DQ 6'/<br />
DXWRPDWHG VHWXS /202 5XVVLD XQGHU H[<br />
FLWDWLRQ ZLWK D [HQRQ ODPS IRU SKRWROXPL<br />
QHVFHQFH RU D 5(,6, ;UD\ WXEH 8 N9<br />
, P$ &X DQWLFDWKRGH ( NH9 IRU<br />
;UD\ OXPLQHVFHQFH7KH RSWLFDO DEVRUS<br />
WLRQ VSHFWUD ZHUH PHDVXUHG XVLQJ D 6SH<br />
FRUG 0 899,6 GRXEOHEHDP VSHFWUR<br />
SKRWRPHWHU7KH 76/ FXUYHV ZHUH UHFRUGHG<br />
XVLQJ H[SHULPHQWDO VHWXS SURYLGHG ZLWK D<br />
)(8 3077KH VDPSOHV ZHUH KHDWHG<br />
XVLQJ D 530 KHDW FRQWUROOHU DW D UDWH RI<br />
.PLQ7KH VDPSOHV ZHUH LUUDGLDWHG ZLWK<br />
;UD\V DW URRP WHPSHUDWXUH XVLQJ D 583<br />
;UD\ XQLW &X DQRGH 8<br />
N9 , P$<br />
7KH 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV EHORQJ WR RUWKR<br />
UKRPELF V\VWHP 3 <br />
QP VSDFH JURXS DQG<br />
KDYH WKH ODWWLFH SDUDPHWUHV D ?<br />
E ? DQG F ? = <br />
>@7KH FU\VWDO VWUXFWXUH RI WKH FRPSRXQG<br />
FRQVLVWV RI VL[PHPEHU F\FOLF % 2 ± DQ<br />
LRQLF JURXSV HDFK FRPSULVLQJ WKUHH %2 ±<br />
WHWUDKHGURQV$OO ERURQ DWRPV DUH FRRUGL<br />
QDWHG E\ IRXU R[\JHQ RQHV7KH R[\JHQ<br />
DWRPV RFFXS\ IRXU LQGHSHQGHQW SRVLWLRQV<br />
7KH YRLGV RI WKH ' ERURQR[\JHQ VNHOHWRQ<br />
SRVLWLRQHG DORQJ WKH D DQG E D[HV DUH ILOOHG<br />
ZLWK VWURQWLXP DWRPV KDYLQJ WKH FRRUGLQD<br />
WLRQ QXPEHU >@7KH 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV<br />
DUH WUDQVSDUHQW ZLWKLQ WKH ZDYHOHQJWK<br />
UDQJH RI WR QP >@,Q WKH JODVVHV<br />
WKH LQWULQVLF DEVRUSWLRQ PD[LPXP LV LQ 89<br />
UHJLRQ O | QP<br />
)LJ SUHVHQWV WKH ;UD\ OXPLQHVFHQFH<br />
VSHFWUD RI 6%2 FU\VWDOV7KH OXPLQHVFHQFH VSHF<br />
WUXP IRUPV D EURDG EDQG SHDNHG DW O WR<br />
QP ZLWK DERXW H9 KDOIZLGWK 7KH<br />
Ü OXPLQHVFHQFH EDQG LV H[FLWHG LQ<br />
WKH LQWHUEDQG WUDQVLWLRQ UHJLRQ DQG LW FDQ<br />
EH DVFULEHG HLWKHU WR WKH UDGLDWLYH UHFRPEL<br />
QDWLRQ RI WKH VHOIWUDSSHG H[FLWRQV RU WR<br />
HPLVVLRQ RI H[FLWRQV ORFDOL]HG RQ LQVLJQLIL<br />
<br />
)LJ ;UD\ OXPLQHVFHQFH VSHFWUXP RI 6%2<br />
VLQJOH FU\VWDOV<br />
FDQW ODWWLFH GLVWRUWLRQV VLPLODU WR WKDW LQ<br />
/L % 2 /L% 2 DQG RWKHU R[LGH FU\VWDOV<br />
> @7KLV VXSSRVLWLRQ LV FRQILUPHG E\<br />
WKH ODUJH 6WRNHV VKLIW WKH ODUJH HPLVVLRQ<br />
SHDN KDOIZLGWK DQG WKH DEVHQFH RI H[FLWD<br />
WLRQ EDQGV LQ WKH FU\VWDO WUDQVSDUHQF\ UH<br />
JLRQ,Q >@ WKH SKRWROXPLQHVFHQFH RI XQ<br />
GRSHG 6%2 SRZGHUV ZDV REVHUYHG WR EH GLI<br />
IHUHQW LQ WKH VSHFWUDO FRPSRVLWLRQ IURP WKH<br />
;UD\ RQH SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ 7KDW SKR<br />
WROXPLQHVFHQFH LV GXH PRVW OLNHO\ WR WKH<br />
SUHVHQFH RI XQFRQWUROODEOH LPSXULWLHV<br />
7KH LUUDGLDWLRQ ZLWK ;UD\V RU &R<br />
TXDQWD DW GRVHV XS WR *\ GRHV QRW UH<br />
VXOW LQ DQ\ LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DEVRUSWLRQ RI WKH<br />
6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV7KH JODVVHV LUUDGLDWHG<br />
DW ˜ 5 GRVH WRRN WKH LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DE<br />
VRUSWLRQ LQ D ZLGH VSHFWUDO UDQJH,Q )LJ<br />
VKRZQ LV WKH GLIIHUHQWLDO DEVRUSWLRQ VSHF<br />
WUXP RI XQLUUDGLDWHG DQG LUUDGLDWHG 6%2<br />
JODVV7KH GLIIHUHQWLDO FXUYH LV DSSUR[L<br />
PDWHG ZHOO E\ WKUHH *DXVVLDQV SHDNHG DW <br />
DQG QP GDVKHG OLQHV LQ )LJ<br />
7KLV HYLGHQFHV WKH JHQHUDWLRQ RI DW OHDVW<br />
WKUHH FRORU FHQWHU W\SHV LQ WKH 6%2 JODVVHV<br />
GXH WR ;UD\ LUUDGLDWLRQ&RQVLGHUDWLRQ RI<br />
OLWHUDWXUH GDWD DOORZHG XV WR DVFULEH WKH<br />
QP EDQG WR WKH DEVRUSWLRQ RI WKH ) <br />
FRORU FHQWHUV > @7KH LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DE<br />
VRUSWLRQ LQ WKH ORQJZDYHOHQJWK VSHFWUDO UH<br />
JLRQ PD\ EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ) FHQWHUV >@<br />
WKH EDQG DW O QP ZDV DVFULEHG WR 2 Ü<br />
FHQWHUV DEVRUSWLRQ7KH LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DE<br />
VRUSWLRQ LQ D FORVH VSHFWUDO UHJLRQ ZDV IRXQG<br />
LQ JODVVHV >@ DQG VLQJOH FU\VWDOV RI /L% 2 <br />
O QP >@ DQG /L *G%2 (X <br />
O | QP >@$W WKH VDPH WLPH WKH<br />
ERUDWH JODVVHV DUH NQRZQ WR FRQWDLQ KLJK<br />
WHPSHUDWXUH ERURQR[\JHQ FRORU FHQWHUV<br />
EHLQJ D KROH WUDSSHG DW WKH R[\JHQ EULGJH<br />
)XQFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV
0)'XERYLN HW DO 7KHUPRVWLPXODWHG OXPLQHVFHQFH RI<br />
)LJ 'LIIHUHQWLDO DEVRUSWLRQ VSHFWUXP RI<br />
XQLUUDGLDWHG DQG LUUDGLDWHG ;TXDQWD<br />
5 GRVH 6%2 JODVV 7KH GDVKHG OLQHV<br />
VKRZ WKH H[SDQVLRQ LQWR *DXVVLDQV ,QVHW DE<br />
VRUSWLRQ VSHFWUD RI WKH JODVV SULRU WR DQG<br />
DIWHU LUUDGLDWLRQ<br />
FRQQHFWLQJ WKH WUL DQG WHWUDFRRUGLQDWHG<br />
ERURQ DWRPV >@'HSHQGLQJ RQ WKH R[\JHQ<br />
DWRP ORFDO V\PPHWU\ WKH KROH FRPSRQHQW<br />
HLWKHU LV ORFDOL]HG DW WKH R[\JHQ DWRP DV LQ<br />
/L% 2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV RU EHORQJV WR WKH ER<br />
UDWH JURXS DV D ZKROH DV LQ 0J% 2 FU\V<br />
WDOV >@7KXV ZH VXSSRVH WKDW WKH LQGXFHG<br />
RSWLFDO DEVRUSWLRQ RI WKH 6%2 JODVVHV PD\<br />
EH GXH WR WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI )OLNH HOHFWURQ<br />
FRORU FHQWHUV DQG 2 Ü KROH RQHV7KH JODVV<br />
DQQHDOHG IRU KDW.LVFRPSOHWHO\GH<br />
FRORUHG$ IXUWKHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LV QHFHVVDU\<br />
WR FRUUHODWH WKH LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DEVRUSWLRQ<br />
EDQGV RI WKH 6%2 JODVVHV ZLWK VSHFLILF FRORU<br />
FHQWHUV DQG 76/ SHDNV<br />
7KH 76/ RI 6%2 VDPSOHV LUUDGLDWHG ZLWK<br />
HTXDO ;UD\ GRVHV LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ7KH 76/<br />
FXUYHV RI VLQJOH FU\VWDOV )LJ FXUYH FRQ<br />
WDLQ WZR SHDNV DW 7 <br />
.DQG 7 <br />
.<br />
7KH SHDN DFWLYDWLRQ HQHUJ\ YDOXHV DV GHWHU<br />
PLQHG E\ &KHQJ PHWKRG >@ DUH ( <br />
H9<br />
ILUVW RUGHU NLQHWLFV DQG ( <br />
H9 VHF<br />
RQG RUGHU NLQHWLFV UHVSHFWLYHO\)RU SRO\<br />
FU\VWDOV WKH 76/ FXUYH VKDSH LV WKH VDPH<br />
EXW LWV LQWHQVLW\ LQFUHDVHV GXH WR D KLJKHU<br />
GHIHFWQHVV H[WHQW RI WKH PDWHULDO$Q DGGL<br />
WLRQDO KLJKWHPSHUDWXUH 76/ SHDN DW .<br />
DSSHDUV7KH 76/ SHDNV DUH REYLRXVO\ RI WKH<br />
VDPH QDWXUH LQ ERWK VLQJOH FU\VWDOV DQG<br />
SRO\FU\VWDOV7KH DGGLWLRQDO . 76/<br />
SHDN IRXQG EHIRUH >@ LQ WKH ODWWHU PD\ EH<br />
DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK XQFRQWUROODEOH LPSXULWLHV LQ<br />
WKH SRO\FU\VWDOV WKDW DUH QRW GHWHFWDEOH E\<br />
;3$ PHWKRG VLPLODU WR WKH FDVH RI /L % 2 <br />
FU\VWDOV >@7KH GHIHFWV DW WKH FU\VWDOOLQH<br />
SKDVH ERXQGDULHV PD\ IRUP GHHS WUDSSLQJ<br />
)XQFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV <br />
)LJ 76/ FXUYHV RI 6%2 VDPSOHV LUUDGLDWHG<br />
ZLWK ;TXDQWD 5 GRVH VLQJOH FU\VWDO<br />
SRO\FU\VWDO JODVV <br />
OHYHOV IURP ZKHUH WKH FDUULHUV DUH UHOHDVHG<br />
DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV >@:H IDLOHG WR HV<br />
WLPDWH WKH DFWLYDWLRQ HQHUJ\ RI 76/ SHDNV<br />
IRU 6%2 SRO\FU\VWDOV LQ SDUW EHFDXVH WKH<br />
SHDNV DUH RYHUODSSLQJ)RU JODVVHV WKH 76/<br />
FXUYHV DUH GLIIHUHQW LQ VKDSH )LJ FXUYH <br />
DQG DUH D VXSHUSRVLWLRQ RI SHDNV GLVWULEXWHG<br />
TXDVLFRQWLQXRXVO\ LQ WKH WR . WHP<br />
SHUDWXUH UDQJH7KUHH JURXSV RI SHDNV ZLWK<br />
PD[LPD DW DQG . FDQ EH GLV<br />
WLQJXLVKHG FRQGLWLRQDOO\7KH 76/ LQWHQVLW\<br />
LQ WKH JODVVHV LV WKH KLJKHVW DV FRPSDUHG WR<br />
VLQJOH FU\VWDOV DQG SRO\FU\VWDOV WKXV HYL<br />
GHQFLQJ WKH SUHVHQFH RI D ODUJH QXPEHU RI<br />
FDUULHU WUDSV DQG LV GXH WR WKH ZLGH YDULHW\<br />
RI VWUXFWXUH PRWLIV UHDOL]HG LQ WKH JODVVHV<br />
7KXV LQ WKH VLQJOH FU\VWDO o SRO\FU\V<br />
WDO o JODVV VHTXHQFH WKH 76/ LQWHQVLW\ RI<br />
6%2 ULVHV ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ GHIHFWQHVV H[WHQW<br />
RI WKH PDWHULDO<br />
7KH IDFW WKDW WKH 6%2 76/ LV H[FLWHG<br />
ZLWK ;TXDQWD DOORZV WR VWDWH WKDW LW LV DVVR<br />
FLDWHG ZLWK WKH LQWULQVLF GHIHFWV RI WKH FU\VWDO<br />
ODWWLFH7KH ;TXDQWD HQHUJ\ ( NH9 LV<br />
LQVXIILFLHQW WR FUHDWH DQ\ VWDEOH UDGLDWLRQ<br />
LQGXFHG GHIHFWV DFFRUGLQJ WR FROOLVLRQ<br />
PHFKDQLVP ZKLOH QR VXEWKUHVKROG GHIHFW<br />
IRUPDWLRQ LV REVHUYHG LQ WKH R[LGHV EHFDXVH<br />
WKH )UHQNHO FRXSOH IRUPDWLRQ HQHUJ\ LV KLJK<br />
DV FRPSDUHG WR $+& >@7KXV WKH ;UD\<br />
OXPLQHVFHQFH RI 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDOV SHDNHG<br />
DW WR QP FDQ EH DVFULEHG WR HPLV<br />
VLYH UHOD[DWLRQ RI VHOIORFDOL]HG H[FLWRQV<br />
7KH 76/ LQWHQVLW\ LQFUHDVH LQ WKH VLQJOH<br />
FU\VWDO o SRO\FU\VWDO o JODVV VHTXHQFH UH<br />
VXOWV IURP WKH LQFUHDVLQJ GHIHFWQHVV H[WHQW<br />
7KH 6%2 VLQJOH FU\VWDO 76/ FRQVLVWV RI WZR<br />
SHDNV DW 7 <br />
. DQG 7 <br />
. ZLWK DF<br />
WLYDWLRQ HQHUJ\ ( <br />
H9 DQG ( <br />
H9
0)'XERYLN HW DO 7KHUPRVWLPXODWHG OXPLQHVFHQFH RI<br />
DQG LV GXH WR WKH LQWULQVLF GHIHFWV RI WKH<br />
FU\VWDO VWUXFWXUH7KH LQGXFHG RSWLFDO DE<br />
VRUSWLRQ RI 6%2 JODVVHV LV OLNH WR EH FDXVHG<br />
E\ IRUPDWLRQ RI )OLNH HOHFWURQ FRORU FHQWHUV<br />
DQG 2 Ü KROH RQHV$FFRUGLQJO\ WKH 76/ RI<br />
6%2 JODVVHV LV GXH WR HPLVVLYH UHFRPELQD<br />
WLRQ RI FDUULHUV UHOHDVHG DW GHFRPSRVLWLRQ RI<br />
) ) DQG 2 ÜFHQWHUV<br />
#010703.08<br />