godfrey lienhardt - Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology ...

324 Caroline lfeka and Emilie Flower
Young youth then decided to send a delegation of two young men and one
woman to a village belonging to another ethnic group. The native priest told them
that the late In had been killed by a witch society and that the members were from
In's own family of Ebupe. He advised them to call the principal accused, namely
Anna A of the Ebupe family, to account. They summoned Beri youth living in
Calabar, they and the dead youth's state security service sympathizers playing a
leading role in shifting accusations of Anna and her co-accused from words to
physical violence and torture.
Accusations in Public
'Active' youth did not consult family elders before they acted. They called Anna
A to answer what she knew about In's death, and though Anna denied she knew
anything, Ebupe youth summoned her and other accused to the 'playground'.
Somewhat disconcertingly, the accused, along with many others, just wandered
down to the market square, where male youth tied their legs with ropes and sticks
(braces). The accused sat on a long bench in front of the community council,
senior chiefs and family elders, youth, and, at the back, women.
The youth did not begin with the witches but spent three hours settling old
debts, arguing at length about the fines to be imposed on youth who had not paid
fines imposed on them previously for various offences. People murmured that
youth's insistence on defaulters paying fines was due to the need to 'settle' the
community and achieve a moral balance by restitution, but that 'really' the trial
was an opportunity for youth to put money into their empty coffers. Youth
repeatedly harangued community council elders for allowing In's death to take
place and for general inaction reflected in endemic land disputes and witchcraft
accusations, especially in Batia.
Confessions in Public
Anna was the principal accused, partly because she had been found gUilty in
previous trials of being a witch. About forty years of age, she was a staunch
follower of the Blessed Mother, childless in this world, and prone to frequent, late
miscarriages-'the lamb just disappears'. She was poor, marginal, and ranked low
among the family's female agnates.
Male youth tightened the braces so that Anna cried and yelled with pain. She
accused six other people of being members of the witch society that had brought
about In's death. Of the seven (including herself), three were close relations (halfbrothers)
and four were distant family relations; together the seven represent all the
nuclear families of the Ebupe sub-family and thus 'united' the sub-family in the
spirit world. Those named included the clan head's senior paternal half-brother
Raphael. TIle six denied the accusation, but subsequently Raphael confirmed their