bio 1020l: zoology laboratory course outline - Distance Learning ...

BIO 1020L: ZOOLOGY LABORATORY
Fall 2011 A.D.
@ The College of Southern Maryland
COURSE OUTLINE
This syllabus is on line at: < http://www.itc.csmd.edu/bio/paulb >
Instructor:
Instructor's Office Room #:
Office Hours:
My lab section:
E-mail:
Phone:
A. Course Description & Textbook F. Attendance K. Disability Policy
B. Course Objectives G. Make-up Labs L. Withdraw/Audit
C. Credits H. Responsibilities M. Academic Honesty
D. Prerequisites I. Tests & Grading N. Extra Credit
E. About the Course J. Extra Help O. Lab Schedule
A. COURSE DESCRIPTION: [top]
Induction, deduction, hypothesis formation, experimentation and interpretation of data are applied to a
variety of biological problems such as the enzyme function, membrane transport, cell structure and
function, DNA, animal taxonomy, certain animal phyla and mammalian systems.
TEXTBOOK: The required textbook is: "Problem Solving in Biology" by Kaplan and Billeter, 5/ed for BIO
1020 Lab, Zoology. This is the spiral-bound edition with 10 chapters. It is a workbook so you must buy a new
book. Sorry, used books with answers already written in them are useless to you and are not acceptable.
B. COURSE OBJECTIVES: [top]
Read the "Foreword to the Student” in the Lab Manual and see “About the Course” below.
C. CREDITS: [top]
The lab is a one-credit course. This credit value has been assigned to this lab for record-keeping and other
logistic reasons (i.e. for reasons associated with registration, transferability, tuition, calculating your GPA),
so you can withdraw or otherwise change your lab status without affecting your lecture status, etc.
Philosophically, the faculty of the Biology Department considers the lecture and lab to be a single entity,
intimately related and inseparable. It is in the lab where you are afforded the opportunity to DO science
and, therefore, accomplish one of the major goals associated with the 4-credit lab science requirement of
the Liberal Arts (General Studies), or other curricula which require zoology or a comparable lab science.
The misconception that the laboratory is “only one credit” and “should not require much work” is an idea
that is quite foreign to us. If you have this misconception please discard it before you undertake this
course.
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D. PREREQUISITES: [top]
BIO 1020 lecture must be taken concurrently or in a previous semester.
E. ABOUT THE COURSE - GOALS, OBJECTIVES, PHILOSOPHY, ETC.: [top]
Most students in zoology lab are not science majors. For many of you, this is the only lab science you will
take in college. In other words, for some of you this is your FIRST college lab science course, while for
most, this is (also) your LAST college lab science course.
The faculty of this college (and almost all other colleges) does not require students to take zoology, but we
do require that you take at least one lab science course (among other requirements) to graduate. You may
choose almost any 4-credit natural science course offered at almost any accredited college or university,
e.g. chemistry, botany, physics, geology, astronomy, etc., or you may take, as you have chosen -- zoology.
As part of an overall college education, it is a role of the lab science course to elucidate the nature of
empirical* investigation that characterizes ALL science. Although science is sometimes defined as a body
of publicly verifiable fact, a scientist is more apt to emphasize the inquiry by which these facts are
discovered. In other words, zoology is not just the facts published in your textbook or other science
books, journals, reports etc., it is also the processes used to discover those facts. An understanding of
both the FACTS OF SCIENCE and the PROCESS OF SCIENCE is important in this course. It is equally
important that we understand HOW things are known in science as it is WHAT things are known in science.
An important goal of the introductory lab science course, be it biology, chemistry, geology, physics or
astronomy, is to allow the student to explore, evaluate and consider the epistemology of science. That is,
to wrestle with the basis of science's methods and the grounds of its knowledge, especially with reference
to the limits of investigation and the validity of conclusions. By carefully studying science, any science, the
lab course can make a student a better observer, a more careful and precise thinker, and a more deliberate
problem solver. To a large measure, that's what a college education is all about.
The "Foreword to the Student" in the lab manual has a further introduction to the nature of this lab
course. The Biology Department welcomes you. We urge you to work hard, grapple with each problems
presented, participate fully in your education, and earn the highest grade possible consistent with your
abilities and the priority you place on your college education.
F. ATTENDANCE: [top]
Because of its nature, attendance in a lab course is mandatory. We value your participation and interaction,
and consider your physical presence in the lab to the minimum commitment you can make to this course. I
strongly urge you to avoid unnecessary absences.
Each lab you miss and don't make up WILL LOWER YOUR FINAL GRADE BY FIVE (5) POINTS. IF YOU
MISS MORE THAN THREE (3) LABS, YOU WILL BE ASKED TO WITHDRAW AND RETAKE THE COURSE
IN A LATER SEMESTER WHEN YOU D0 HAVE SUFFICIENT TIME TO PARTICIPATE; IF THE
WITHDRAWAL DATE HAS PASSED YOU WILL AUTOMATICALLY RECEIVE A GRADE OF “FX”.
If you must miss a lab due to extraordinary circumstances, you may make it up during another scheduled
section (see below). You must obtain prior permission from another instructor to make up a lab in their
class. YOU are responsible to have your own instructor notified when you make up a lab with a different
instructor so you are not considered absent. Notification forms are available in the lab for this purpose.
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G. LAB SCHEDULE FOR FALL 2011 [top]
A) Tue 10:00-11:50a (Prof Billeter) Sect. 91740 LAPLATA ST-225 D) Thu 10:00-11:50 (Prof Morris) Sect. 91061 LAPLATA ST-225
B) Tue 12:30-2:20p (Prof Billeter) Sect. 91739 LAPLATA ST-225 E) Fri 12:30p-2:20p (Prof Alston) Sect. 91016 LAPLATA ST-225
C) Wed 12:30p-2:20p (Prof Billeter) Sect. 91251 LAPLATA ST-225 F) Sat 12:30p-2:20p (Prof Rizo) Sect. 90995 LAPLATA ST-225
G) Thu 7:15-9:05p (Prof Morris) Sect. 87043 LEONARDTWN B-203 H) Tue 7:15-9:05p (Prof. Crocker) Sect. 91738 PR. FRED. PFA218
I) Wed 11:30a-1:20p (Prof. Crocker) Sect. 91253 PR. FRED. PFA218
H. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STUDENT: [top]
1. Read the “Foreword” in the lab manual.
2. Study each lab BEFORE coming to class by reading the "Preliminary" and/or "Introductory Information." (up
to the pen icon ). Be familiar with the problem to be solved in each exercise. You must come to lab
prepared! There may be a short quiz at the beginning of lab based on the preliminary information.
3. Turn in each lab assignment as directed by your instructor. LATE ASSIGNMENTS WILL NOT BE
ACCEPTED.
4. In some cases, you will find it helpful (if not necessary) to devote some extra time outside of class to the
study of the problems presented during the lab period. The schedule of classes for Room ST-225 will be
posted near the door. You are encouraged to come to the lab for individual or group study during your free
time. (This is particularly important for Labs 2 and 3.)
5. YOU are responsible for the proper care of microscopes, keeping the lab clean, and returning materials to
their proper places. Your cooperation in this matter will be helpful to me, the lab assistants, and other
students who use the lab.
6. If your lab does not meet due to a holiday, and unscheduled college closing, or if you must miss a lab for a
legitimate reason, YOU are responsible to make up the lab during one of the other nine lab sections unless
otherwise informed by your instructor.
7. NO CHILDREN OR OTHER UNAUTHORIZED GUESTS ARE ALLOWED IN CLASSROOMS OR LABS. YOU
MUST BE ENROLLED IN BIO 1020L TO ATTEND THE LAB. NO EXCEPTIONS.
I. TESTS & GRADING: [top]
Your final grade in zoology lab will be based on:
1. Two written exams.
2. The average of your graded lab exercises and quizzes.
3. The work in your lab book.
4. Any optional extra credit you choose to do.
The two Hour Exams AND the lab exercise/quiz average are each worth 33.3% (1/3) of your final grade.
Your lab book will be collected and evaluated on the two exam days. The instructor’s evaluation of your lab
book will add or subtract -5 to +5 points to your lab exam grade.
Extra Credit activities can earn 0-10 POINTS. These will be added directly to your final average.
MAKE-UP EXAMS:
1. For valid reasons (i.e., hospital stay, emergencies, etc.), a student may be excused from taking an exam at
the scheduled time. In order to do this, the student must discuss with the instructor the reason for being
excused, obtain permission, and make arrangements to take the exam before or after the scheduled time.
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2. If a student fails to take an exam at the scheduled time without permission, s/he MUST present a
written excuse (i.e., doctor's note, etc.). In this case, the student MUST make arrangements to take the
exam WITHIN ONE WEEK of the originally scheduled time. IF THE STUDENT FAILS TO FOLLOW THIS
PROCEDURE, S/HE WILL RECEIVE A GRADE OF ZERO (0) FOR THAT EXAM.
GRADING SCALE: 90-100% = A 80-89% = B 70-79% = C 60-69% = D >>
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Students wishing to learn more and/or perhaps earn a higher grade in the course may do so via extra
credit. There are two extra credit options 1) viewing and reporting on additional TED Lectures 2) doing a
book report.
EXTRA CREDIT ACTIVITIES ARE OPTIONAL AND YOUR FINAL GRADE WILL NOT BE AFFECTED IF
YOU DO NOT DO THEM. You may earn up to 20 points total of extra credit but you may only use a
maximum of 10 in the lecture and 10 in the lab. You may not increase you grade in lecture or lab by more
than 1 (one) Letter-Grade via extra credit; i.e. it’s possible to go from C to B with extra credit but not
from C to A.
EXTRA CREDIT POINTS MAY BE ADDED TO YOUR LECTURE OR LAB GRADE OR PARTITIONED
BETWEEN BOTH. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU EARN 8 POINTS, YOU MAY ADD ALL 8 TO LECTURE, ALL 8
TO LAB OR SPLIT THEM UP TO YOUR BEST ADVANTAGE. You will turn in your extra credit to your
lecture professor but if you have different professor for lab, it is your responsibility to indicate to the
lecture professor to transfer leftover points to the lab instructor. (e.g. if you have a final avg of 77 in
lecture plus 9 points of extra credit, the lecture professor will use 3 points to raise your 77(C) to an 80 (B)
and send the leftover 6 points to lab in case they help you there!
If you intend to earn extra credit you must get started early (in the first week of class would be nice).
EXTRA CREDIT OPTION 1: BOOK REPORT (0-10 Points)
There are three books available for book reports in Zoology this semester. You can get them in the CSM
Bookstore or order them at Amazon.com.
1. Your Inner Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5 Billion-Year History of the Human Body by Neil Shubin.
2. Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers by Mary Roach
3. Sensuous Seas by Eugene Kaplan
WHAT TO DO:
Read the book and do these things for each chapter:
1) Summarize: Underline, hi-lite and take notes in your preferred style of doing such things. Distill
these down to a one paragraph (~150-250 words) summary of the major idea in the chapter.
2) Identify one sentence (there will probably be many) that you find to be particularly profound OR
stimulating OR controversial OR captivating, etc. and copy that sentence into your report. Add a short,
thoughtful, intelligent comment (~50 words) about why that sentence caught your attention.
3) List four or five regular English words or scientific terms from the chapter that are new to you
OR that you think other freshman college students might not be familiar with and find the definitions and
write them in your report. If you can't find 5 in a particular chapter find 4 in that chapter and 6 in the
next etc. Have at least 60 definitions when you are finished.
I want you to learn stuff not just do busy work so try to show me that you learned something. If you define
Tromfin Lysenko as "a Russian scientist" I won’t be impressed; but, if you define Lysenko as "Director of
Biology under Stalin, Lysenko rejected Mendel and genetics. His critics were often jailed or renounced and
Lysenkoism stifled biology research in Russia for decades,” I will be impressed. If you define “stratum” as
“a layer,” I won’t be impressed; if you define “stratum” as “a particular layer in a bed of sedimentary rocks
often used as indicators of relative age in fossil beds, i.e. deeper strata are older than shallower strata.
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Using radioactive dating paleontologists can now measure absolute age of fossils in particular strata.” I will
be impressed.
This project must be typed in size 12 font with 1.5 line spacing. Each chapter summary should be arranged
like this:
PART 1: Ch. 1 Summary + Ch. 1 Interesting Sentence; Ch. 2 Summary + Ch. 2 Interesting Sentence; etc.
PART 2: All your Definitions.
EXTRA CREDIT OPTION 2: ADDITIONAL TED LECTURES (0-10 Points)
You may view up to 10 additional TED Lectures. The lectures you choose must be 1) at least 11 minutes long
and 2) not already assigned as part of the course.
Go the TED index at [http://www.ted.com/talks/tags] and choose your lectures from these categories:
[Biology (49)] [Biomechanics (5)] [Biosphere (13)] Biotech (11)
WHAT TO DO:
WHAT YOU DO:
1. Go to the TED website via Course Compass or directly at TED.com.
2. Watch each lecture and take notes as you would for any college lecture.
3. For each lecture you will do three things:
a) Summary: Write an abstract/summary of the lecture (200+ words (YES, I count the words and there are
stiff penalties for not meeting the minimum.)
b) Reflection: Choose one idea from the lecture that you found interesting or provocative and write a
paragraph (50-100 words) explaining why you chose it. Try to choose a scientific idea or fact and explain
it scientifically. What I do not want is a simple statement like “The lecturer really liked polar bears and
so do I and that was cool and so it was interesting OR “I never knew that and, like, cool, and like
awesome.” OK? Instead, do your assignment so I can say to myself: “Wow, this student’s work is cool and
so it was interesting and like awesome and like, scientific. So, it’s an A.”
c) Connection: Choose one idea from the lecture and explain how it connects to anything in the textbook
or lecture (50-100 words) explaining how it connects or is related to something else in the
course.
FORMAT: This project must be typed in size 12 Times New Roman font with 1.5 line spacing. Each Lecture
summary/paragraph must have 1), a title 2), your name and class meeting time (e.g. M/W 10am) 3) the date
you wrote it. 4) and the summary and the reflection and connection paragraphs. If you use more than one
piece of paper for a single lecture, they must be stapled together. (no paper clips, chewing gum, etc.). Turn
them in a paper folder or paper cover. No plastic please!
***
more >>>
ALL EXTRA CREDIT IS DUE DECEMBER 10th, YOU MAY NOT CRAM EXTRA CREDIT INTO THE
LAST WEEK OF CLASS TO GET YOURSELF OUT OF A JAM YOU GOT INTO BY SLACKING OFF.
THAT'S NOT WHAT EXTRA CREDIT IS FOR! DON'T ASK FOR AN EXTENSION FOR EXTRA CREDIT.
YOUR FINAL EXAM(S) ARE IN THE LAST WEEK OF CLASS, THAT'S NOT EXTRA CREDIT TIME.
***
6

Students wishing to learn more and/or perhaps earn a higher grade in the course may do so via extra credit.
There are two extra credit options 1) viewing and reporting on additional TED Lectures 2) doing a book report.
>>>>
EXTRA CREDIT ACTIVITIES ARE OPTIONAL AND YOUR FINAL GRADE WILL NOT BE AFFECTED IF
YOU DO NOT DO THEM. You may earn up to 20 points total of extra credit but you may only use a maximum
of 10 in the lecture and 10 in the lab. You may not increase you grade in lecture or lab by more than 1 (one)
Letter-Grade via extra credit.
EXTRA CREDIT POINTS MAY BE ADDED TO YOUR LECTURE OR LAB GRADE OR PARTITIONED BETWEEN
BOTH. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU EARN 8 POINTS, YOU MAY ADD ALL 8 TO LECTURE, ALL 8 TO LAB OR
SPLIT THEM UP TO YOUR BEST ADVANTAGE. You will turn in your extra credit to your lecture professor
but if you have different professor for lab, it is your responsibility to indicate to the lecture professor to
transfer leftover points to the lab instructor. (e.g. if you have a final average of 77 in lecture plus 9 points of
extra credit, the lecture professor will use 3 points to raise your 77(C) to an 80 (B) and send the leftover 6
points to lab in case they help you there!
If you intend to earn extra credit you must get started early (in the first week of class would be nice).
EXTRA CREDIT OPTION 1: BOOK REPORT (0-10 Points) [top]
There are three books available for book reports in Zoology this semester. You can get them in the CSM
Bookstore or order them at Amazon.com.
1. Your Inner Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5 Billion-Year History of the Human Body by Neil Shubin.
2. Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers by Mary Roach
3. Sensuous Seas by Eugene Kaplan
WHAT TO DO:
Read the book and do these things for each chapter:
1) Summarize: Underline, hi-lite and take notes in your preferred style of doing such things. Distill these
down to a one paragraph (200-250 words) summary of the major idea in the chapter.
2) Identify one sentence (there will probably be many) that you find to be particularly profound OR
stimulating OR controversial OR captivating, etc. and copy that sentence into your report. Add a short,
thoughtful, intelligent comment (~50 words) about why that sentence caught your attention.
3) List four or five regular English words or scientific terms from the chapter that are new to you OR
that you think other freshman college students might not be familiar with and find the definitions and write
them in your report. If you can't find 5 in a particular chapter find 4 in that chapter and 6 in the next etc.
Have at least 60 definitions when you are finished.
I want you to learn stuff not just do busy work so try to show me that you learned something. If you define
Tromfin Lysenko as "a Russian scientist" I won’t be impressed; but, if you define Lysenko as "Director of
Biology under Stalin, Lysenko rejected Mendel and genetics. His critics were often jailed or renounced and
Lysenkoism stifled biology research in Russia for decades,” I will be impressed. If you define “stratum” as “a
layer,” I won’t be impressed; if you define “stratum” as “a particular layer in a bed of sedimentary rocks often
used as indicators of relative age in fossil beds, i’e. deeper strata are older than shallower strata. Using
radioactive dating paleontologists can now measure absolute age of fossils in particular strata.” I will be
impressed.
7

This project must be typed in size 12 font with 1.5 line spacing. Summaries should be arranged like this:
PART 1: Ch. 1 Summary + Ch. 1 Interesting Sentence; Ch. 2 Summary + Ch. 2 Interesting Sentence; etc.
PART 2: All your Definitions.
EXTRA CREDIT OPTION 2: ADDITIONAL TED LECTURES (0-10 Points) [top]
You may view up to 10 additional TED Lectures. The lectures you choose must be 1) at least 11 minutes long and
2) not already assigned as part of your lecture course.
Go the TED index at [http://www.ted.com/talks/tags] and choose your lectures from these
categories: [Biology (49)] [Biomechanics (5)] [Biosphere (13)] Biotech (11)
WHAT TO DO:
Watch the lecture and take notes. For each of your chosen lectures you will do two things 1) write an
abstract/summary of the lecture (200-250 words) and 2) choose one idea from the lecture that you found
interesting or provocative and write a paragraph (50-100 words) explaining why you chose it.
FORMAT: This project must be typed in size 12 font with 1.5 line spacing. Each Lecture summary/paragraph
must have 1), a title 2), your name and class meeting time (e.g. M/W 10am) 3) the date you wrote it. 4) and the
summary and paragraph. If you use more than one piece of paper for a single lecture, they must be stapled
together. (no paper clips, chewing gum, etc.). Turn them in a paper folder or paper cover. No plastic please!
***
ALL EXTRA CREDIT IS DUE APRIL 20th, YOU MAY NOT CRAM EXTRA CREDIT INTO THE LAST
WEEK OF CLASS TO GET YOURSELF OUT OF A JAM YOU GOT INTO BY SLACKING OFF. THAT'S NOT
WHAT EXTRA CREDIT IS FOR! DON'T ASK FOR AN EXTENSION FOR EXTRA CREDIT. YOUR FINAL
EXAM(S) ARE IN THE LAST WEEK OF CLASS, THAT'S NOT EXTRA CREDIT TIME.
***
If you intend to earn extra credit you should get started in the first week of class. Don't procrastinate.
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O. LAB CALENDAR FALL 2011 [top]
Week of
Topic
9/6
INTRODUCTION TO THE LABORATORY...
Handout syllabus and begin Lab #1: What Is Science?
Assignment: Read pp. 8-17. Answer questions on pp. 18-21 and turn in next week.
9/12
Finish Lab # 1 as necessary
LAB 2: INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE REASONING I: Classification of Living Things
9/19
Finish Lab # 2 as necessary
LAB 3: INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE REASONING II: Form Structure of Animals (begin)
9/26 LAB 3: INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE REASONING II: Form Structure of Animals (continue)
10/3 LAB 3: INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE REASONING II: Form Structure of Animals (finish)
10/10 LAB 4: CONSTRUCTION OF AN EXPERIMENT: The Function of Enzymes
10/17
LAB 4: CONSTRUCTION OF AN EXPERIMENT: (finish)
Case Study #1: Video: Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever
10/24
*****LAB EXAM 1: Midterm: (Chapters 1,2,3,4, Case Study #1)*****
Look here for some practice quizzes on animal classification.
10/31
LAB 5: THE MODEL IN SCIENCE: Physical & Chemical Properties of Protoplasm: Osmosis
(through p. 66,D). Assignment: Answer Review Questions pp.70-74
11/7
LAB 5: THE MODEL IN SCIENCE (finish)
Case Study #3: Adaptation to a Marine Environment Osmotic Regulation in Rana cancrivora
11/14
LAB 6: DEVELOPMENT OF A HYPOTHESIS
Chemical Coordination in Breathing
Handouts: DNA cutouts
11/21
THANKSGIVING WEEK: ZOOLOGY LABS DO NOT MEET THIS WEEK**
Homework: Case Study #2: The Dover, PA Evolution/Intelligent Design Trial
Watch the video online at home. It’s here: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/id/ Complete the worksheet.
11/28
LAB 10: ANALYSIS OF A FAMOUS INVESTIGATION: Structure and Function of DNA.
Work through Lab #10 up to p. 155, “The Mechanism of Gene Action).
12/5 LAB 10: ANALYSIS OF A FAMOUS INVESTIGATION: DNA. (finish)
12/12 ****LAB EXAM 2: Final: (Ch. 5,6,10, Case Studies 2,3)****
11/11 IS LAST DAY TO WITHDRAW OR CHANGE STATUS 12/10 IS DEADLINE FOR EXTRA CREDIT. NO EXCEPTIONS
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1. Tear off this page
2. Read and sign (sign once, left or right but not both)
3. Return to instructor
Instructors: Forward all forms to the Lab Coordinator (Terry Jordan)
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MEMORANDUM
TO: Biology/Physical Science Lab Students
FROM: Bill Montgomery, Chair, Biological and Physical Sciences
DATE: January 20, 2010
RE: In class specimen information sheet.
There is some exposure to preserved specimens in the lab for BIO1020. The preservative in some
specimens is a solution of 50% isopropyl alcohol* with less than 1% glycerin**. The student is expected
to take precaution when handling the specimen by wearing protective gloves which are provided, not
eating in labs which may result in ingestion of fluids, and rinsing their eyes at the eyewash stations if a
splash occurs, and always washing hands before leaving the lab.
If you are pregnant, have allergies to chemicals or have any respiratory disorder consult with your doctor
about working with preserved specimens. IF THERE IS ANY MEDICAL REASON WHY YOU
SHOULD NOT BE EXPOSED TO PRESERVATIVES USED IN THIS LAB, LET YOUR
INSTRUCTOR KNOW. In this case an alternative to
working with the specimens will be worked out.
SIGN ONCE ONLY !!
(“It’s OK with me” )
I ___________________________ have read
the above statement and agree to the use of
preserved specimens in lab.
specimens.
Signature________________________________
Date____________________________________
(“It’s NOT OK with me”)
I ___________________________ have read the
above statement and because of medical reasons
am requesting an alternative to using preserved
Signature_________________________________
Date _________________________________
*Propanol (isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol) is “rubbing alcohol.” It is used to clean your skin when you get a vaccination
and for miscellaneous antiseptic reasons. This is poison so you can’t drink it. The rubbing alcohol you buy at CVS is 70%
propanol; the stuff we use in the lab is 50% propanol.
** “Glycerin (glycerine, glycerol) has lots of uses besides being used to make nitroglycerin (note: glycerin is not an
explosive substance by itself. It has to be turned into nitroglycerin before it becomes explosive, so it's safe to work
with it in your kitchen). Some uses for glycerin include: conserving preserved fruit, as a base for lotions, to prevent
freezing in hydraulic jacks, to lubricate molds, in some printing inks, in cake and candy making, and (because it has
an antiseptic quality) sometimes to preserve scientific specimens in jars in your… biology lab.”
http://www.pioneerthinking.com/glycerin.html
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