Development of a Novel Mass Spectrometric ... - Jacobs University

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List of Figures Figure 3-71 ESI mass spectrum of bitumen 1 using DCM as mobile phase ................................97 Figure 3-72 APCI mass spectrum of bitumen 1 using DCM as mobile phase .............................98 Figure 3-73 APCI mass spectrum of bitumen 2 using DCM as mobile phase .............................98 Figure 3-74 Kendrick plot for the light shredder waste ..............................................................99 Figure 3-75 Plot of DBE vs measured mass (m/z) for the hydrocarbon compone- nts of waste . 100 Figure 3-76 Plot of H/C ratio vs DBE (degree of unsaturation) of a light shredder waste sample ........................................................................................................................................ 100 Figure 3-77 Kendrick plot overlap of untreated I2 and I3 waste samples .................................. 103 Figure 3-78 Kendrick plot overlap of I3 and treated sample on small scale .............................. 103 Figure 3-79 Kendrick plot overlap between 2009 and 2011 waste samples............................... 104 Figure 3-80 Radar plot of four parameters related to five shredder waste samples varying by operation time .................................................................................................................. 106 Figure 3-81 Kendrick plot of (CH 2 ) for waste mixture upon (-) APCI-MS ............................... 107 Figure 3-82 Kendrick plot of (Cl) for waste mixture upon (-) APCI-MS .................................. 107 Figure 3-83 Kendrick plot of (Cl) for PCBs Congener Mix upon (-) APCI-MS ........................ 108 Figure 3-84 Kendrick plot overlap of I3, O2 and O3 ................................................................ 109 Figure 3-85 Kendrick plot overlap of Leb S1 and Leb S2 heterogeneous waste samples........... 110 Figure 3-86 Kendrick plot overlap of Calpam oil and light shredder waste ............................... 110 Figure 3-87 Kendrick plot overlap of Calpam motor oil and contaminated through usage motor oil .................................................................................................................................... 111 Figure 3-88 Kendrick plot of bitumen 1 upon ESI-MS using DCM solvent .............................. 112 Figure 3-89 Kendrick plot of bitumen 1 upon APCI-MS using n-heptane solvent .................... 112 Figure 3-90 Kendrick plot overlap of bitumen 1 and bitumen 2 using DCM in APCI-MS ......... 113
List of Tables List of Tables Table 1.1 Reference studies targeting various hydrocarbons ......................................................19 Table 2.1 Different shredder waste samples treated under different conditions ...........................33 Table 3.1 Summary of APCI data of n-alkanes ..........................................................................41 Table 3.2 Ions produced of model hydrocarbon compounds.......................................................47 Table 3.3 Molecular formula list of n-alkanes in waste sample ..................................................59 Table 3.4 Molecular formula list of some analytes of hydrocarbons in waste sample..................61 Table 3.5 CID MS 2 -stage tandem mass spectra for some of the positive ions of tetracosane, pentacosane and squalene. ..................................................................................................73 Table 3.6 Quantities of few selected n-alkanes in waste samples ................................................88 Table 3.7 A selection of different car oils from different companies ..........................................93 Table 3.8 Operating conditions of small scale treatment reactor of shredder waste ................... 102 Table 3.9 Acquisition of data points considered in 2009 and 2011 samples .............................. 104 Table 3.10 Extracted data from 5 measured light shredder waste samples ................................ 105
Page 1 and 2: Development of a Novel Mass Spectro
Page 3 and 4: Declaration of Authorship I ,Nadim
Page 5 and 6: This work has been carried out unde
Page 7 and 8: Contents Contents Declaration of Au
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures List of Figures Fig
Page 11: List of Figures Figure 3-39 MS 2 fr
Page 15 and 16: Abbreviations Abbreviations APCI AP
Page 17 and 18: Abbreviations UV VGOs VOCs VRs ultr
Page 19 and 20: Introduction Analytical chemistry h
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Presence and Fate
Page 23 and 24: Introduction aliphatic hydrocarbons
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Figure 1-1 Examples of
Page 27 and 28: Introduction Figure 1-2 Range of io
Page 29 and 30: Introduction fractions. 42 Another
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 1.3.5 APLI Other crude
Page 33 and 34: Introduction products). Other molec
Page 35 and 36: Introduction Other studies performe
Page 37 and 38: Introduction APLI-FT ICR-MS Crude o
Page 39 and 40: Introduction spectrometry in as muc
Page 41 and 42: Introduction catalytic processing t
Page 43 and 44: Introduction Figure 1-6 Kendrick ma
Page 45 and 46: Introduction including determinatio
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 1.5 Scope and Signific
Page 49 and 50: Experimental e) Other model mixture
Page 51 and 52: Experimental 2.2.2 Preparation of O
Page 53 and 54: Experimental 2.4 Graphical Presenta
Page 55 and 56: Results and Discussion experiment.
Page 57 and 58: Results and Discussion Intens. [%]
Page 59 and 60: Results and Discussion common featu
Page 61 and 62: Results and Discussion 3.2 APCI-TOF
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Results and Discussion These compou
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Results and Discussion Intens. [%]
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Results and Discussion Ions were pr
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Results and Discussion procedure ba
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Results and Discussion to produce m
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Results and Discussion 519.5863 519
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Results and Discussion Higher mass
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Results and Discussion isolated fro
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Results and Discussion 3.4.5 Tandem
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Results and Discussion injected int
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Results and Discussion 3.4.8 Quanti
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Results and Discussion Int. x 10000
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Results and Discussion Table 3.6 Qu
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Results and Discussion assessment o
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Results and Discussion hydrocarbons
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Results and Discussion of n-alkanes
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Results and Discussion flow (in I2)
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Results and Discussion Other intere
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Results and Discussion Figure 3-80
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Results and Discussion KMD 2.4 2.2
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Results and Discussion KMD 1.1 1 Le
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Results and Discussion 3.6.4 Asphal
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Conclusions In conclusion we could
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References References 1. Fay, R. M.
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References 23. Colavecchia, M. V.,
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References 47. Dzidic, I., Petersen
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References Hydroconversion Processe
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References 91. Golovlev, V. V., All
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Appendix Light shredder waste Meas.
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419.4592 C 30 H 59 419.4611 4.6 421
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Liqui Moly car motor oil Meas. m/z
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345.3511 C 25 H 45 345.3516 1.5 349
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