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March 2004 No.38<br />
<strong>apan</strong> <strong>Railway</strong> & <strong>Transport</strong> <strong>Review</strong><br />
FEATURES:<br />
New Promise of LRT Systems<br />
<strong>Railway</strong> Fare System (part 2)<br />
Copyright © 2004 EJRCF. All rights reserved.
JAPAN RAILWAY &<br />
TRANSPORT REVIEW<br />
March 2004 No. 38<br />
JAPAN RAILWAY & TRANSPORT REVIEW<br />
published quarterly by East J<strong>apan</strong> <strong>Railway</strong><br />
Culture Foundation (EJRCF)<br />
2-2, Yoyogi 2-chome, Shibuya-ku,<br />
Tokyo 151-8578, J<strong>apan</strong><br />
Tel (81 3) 5334 0623<br />
Fax (81 3) 5334 0624<br />
Email info@jrtr.<strong>net</strong><br />
Chairman: Dr Shoji Sumita<br />
Chief Editor:<br />
Kunio Aoki<br />
Editorial Board:<br />
Yoshihiro Akiyama, Director, J<strong>apan</strong> <strong>Railway</strong><br />
Technical Service<br />
Mami Aoki, Professor, Doshisha University<br />
Shin’ichi Fujimori, Deputy General Manager,<br />
Management Administration Department,<br />
East J<strong>apan</strong> <strong>Railway</strong> Co. (JR East)<br />
Mitsutoshi Inami, General Manager,<br />
Planning Division, <strong>Railway</strong> Technical<br />
Research Institute<br />
Makoto Ito, Director, Planning Division,<br />
J<strong>apan</strong> Institute for <strong>Transport</strong> Policy Studies<br />
Takashi Sawamoto, Deputy General<br />
Manager, Technical Development &<br />
Research Department, JR East<br />
Consulting Editor:<br />
Tatsuhiko Suga<br />
Editorial Staff:<br />
Robert Hancock<br />
Yumiko Ono<br />
Tasuku Takahama<br />
Isamu Kimura<br />
Fumihiro Narita<br />
Mari Miyagawa<br />
Translation, Design & Production<br />
D2E2 Incorporated<br />
© All rights reserved. Reproduction of the<br />
contents in part or whole of this magazine in<br />
any manner is prohibited without the prior<br />
written consent of EJRCF.<br />
<strong>JRTR</strong> is printed in J<strong>apan</strong>.<br />
Editorial<br />
Future themes for trams<br />
People used the terms shiden or romendensha (streetcars) for many years, but have started using<br />
toramu (tramways) more recently. Modern toramu incorporating the latest technological advances<br />
give the impression of being completely new vehicles. Huge panorama windows in a streamlined<br />
body design create an open feeling, while low-floor barrier-free interiors are fully air-conditioned.<br />
And performance is good with high operating speeds and almost silent running. Trams run<br />
through busy city centres and shopping malls so they must have conspicuous designs and colours<br />
that are easily seen by pedestrians and car drivers while making them attractive to ride. In J<strong>apan</strong>,<br />
the carriages of heavy railways are often difficult to identify because they are usually silver due<br />
to extensive use of stainless-steel materials, but trams come in a of various colourful designs.<br />
One drawback of trams is the unattractive overhead trolley wires, which definitely detract from<br />
the cityscape and also hinder the passage of high-sided vehicles, including parade floats during<br />
J<strong>apan</strong>’s popular summer festival season. Electric wires also interfere with firefighting ladders and<br />
increase the risk of electrocution when brought down by earthquake damage. One way of<br />
eliminating trolley wires is to use hybrid tramcars with a combination of an internal combustion<br />
engine driving a generator, and storage batteries. Such an approach produces some exhaust<br />
gases but these can be reduced by switching to LPG fuel instead of diesel. The ultimate solution<br />
is to use non-polluting fuel cells that can easily be recharged or refueled at the tram terminus or<br />
yard. I am hoping such advances will revitalize our city centres with a pollution-free, safe and<br />
charming transport mode for the future.<br />
K. AOKI<br />
Contents<br />
Feature<br />
New Promise of LRT Systems<br />
Light Rail: Making Urban <strong>Transport</strong> More Attractive Pierre Laconte • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4<br />
When will J<strong>apan</strong> Choose Light Rail Transit? Kiyohito Utsunomiya • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10<br />
Strategic Justification of Three Existing Modes of<br />
<strong>Transport</strong>ation in Rouen Raymond Hue • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17<br />
Manchester Metrolink Tram System William Tyson • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22<br />
Izmir Metro: Story of a Successful Engineering Project Emre Aykar • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26<br />
Trams Making Way for Light Rail Transit Shigenori Hattori • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30<br />
<strong>Railway</strong> Fare System (part 2)<br />
Fares and Fares Regulation on Britain’s <strong>Railway</strong>s Mark Smith • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41<br />
PEP—A Yield-Management Scheme for Rail Passenger<br />
Fares in Germany Heike Link • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50<br />
Another Perspective<br />
Cherry Blossoms in Big Apple Part 1—Past to Present John Tedford • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 56<br />
Okayama Electric <strong>Railway</strong>’s new LRV<br />
nicknamed Momo (peach) in designed<br />
by Eiji Mitooka, the designer of many<br />
limited expresses operated by JR<br />
Kyushu. It uses bogies by<br />
Bombardier supporting a 100% lowfloor<br />
body by Niigata Engineering.<br />
(Photo: Hiroyuki Okatsugi)<br />
URL http://www.jrtr.<strong>net</strong><br />
<strong>Railway</strong> Operators in J<strong>apan</strong> 12<br />
Southern and Eastern Kinki Region Masafumi Miki • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 58<br />
Topics • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 68<br />
Photostories: Battery-powered Tram Developed by RTRI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2<br />
Southern Half of Kyushu Shinkansen Opens • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71<br />
Copyright © 2004 EJRCF. All rights reserved.<br />
J<strong>apan</strong> <strong>Railway</strong> & <strong>Transport</strong> <strong>Review</strong> 38 • March 2004 3
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