Contents and summary - Judicial Commission of New South Wales
Contents and summary - Judicial Commission of New South Wales
Contents and summary - Judicial Commission of New South Wales
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<strong>Contents</strong><br />
Table <strong>of</strong> cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii<br />
Table <strong>of</strong> statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
xiii<br />
List <strong>of</strong> tables <strong>and</strong> figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii<br />
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />
Part 1 Robbery in context<br />
1.1 The development <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fence <strong>of</strong> robbery at common law <strong>and</strong> in statute . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />
1.1.1 A definition <strong>of</strong> robbery at common law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />
1.1.2 Legislative history <strong>of</strong> robbery <strong>of</strong>fences in NSW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
1.2 The historical role <strong>of</strong> deterrence <strong>and</strong> the Henry guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21<br />
1.2.1 The colonial period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />
1.2.2 The post-colonial period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
1.2.3 The R v Henry guideline judgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
1.2.4 The implications <strong>of</strong> the armed robbery guideline for other robbery<br />
<strong>of</strong>fences <strong>and</strong> particular <strong>of</strong>fenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
1.2.5 Henry <strong>and</strong> the purposes <strong>of</strong> punishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />
1.3 Prevalence <strong>of</strong> robbery <strong>of</strong>fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />
1.3.1 Incidence <strong>and</strong> prevalence <strong>of</strong> robbery in the community since the<br />
Henry guideline (1999–2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />
1.3.2 Attrition <strong>of</strong> robbery <strong>of</strong>fences from the NSW criminal<br />
justice system (1999–2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />
Part 2 Overview <strong>of</strong> sentencing patterns for robbery <strong>of</strong>fences under ss 94–98<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Crimes Act 1900<br />
2.1 Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />
2.2 Analysis <strong>and</strong> findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />
2.2.1 Higher courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />
2.2.2 Local Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />
2.2.3 Children’s Court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />
2.2.4 Summary <strong>of</strong> findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<br />
Part 3 The research study: an analysis <strong>and</strong> discussion <strong>of</strong> remarks on sentence<br />
3.1 Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67<br />
3.1.1 The sample selected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67<br />
3.1.2 The areas <strong>of</strong> inquiry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68<br />
iii