Wind farms integration in coordinated voltage and reactive power ...
Wind farms integration in coordinated voltage and reactive power ...
Wind farms integration in coordinated voltage and reactive power ...
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<strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>farms</strong> <strong><strong>in</strong>tegration</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>voltage</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
Dariusz Kolodziej<br />
Institute of Power Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g, Gdansk Division, POLAND
AGENDA<br />
1. Profile of Institute of Power Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Gdansk Division<br />
2. ARNE – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control of <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
3. ARST – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control of transformer substation<br />
4. <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm requirements of TSO <strong>and</strong> DSOs<br />
5. <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm <strong><strong>in</strong>tegration</strong> <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated control
Profile of Institute of Power Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g (IEN)<br />
Gdansk Division<br />
‣ State owned research Institute<br />
‣ Established <strong>in</strong> 1954<br />
‣ Five R&D departments focused on different aspects of<br />
<strong>power</strong> system control <strong>and</strong> operation.<br />
‣ Employs over 75 qualified eng<strong>in</strong>eers.<br />
‣ Application oriented with projects performed ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong>house<br />
‣ Cooperation with ABB, Alstom, West<strong>in</strong>ghouse,<br />
Siemens<br />
‣ Quality Management System PN-EN ISO 9001-2009<br />
www.eera-set.eu
ARNE – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
of <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
ARNE – Automatic <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control system of <strong>power</strong> plants<br />
‣ Implemented s<strong>in</strong>ce 70’s<br />
‣ <strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> all large <strong>power</strong> plants <strong>in</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong> (<strong>and</strong> pumped-storage plants)<br />
‣ Full automation of <strong>power</strong> plant operation with<strong>in</strong> the scope of ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the<br />
optimum <strong>voltage</strong> level <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> flow<br />
‣ Remote control from dispatch<strong>in</strong>g centres<br />
‣ Steady <strong>and</strong> safe operation of generators <strong>in</strong> so-called group control mode<br />
www.eera-set.eu
ARNE – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
of <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
Reactive <strong>power</strong> available for <strong>voltage</strong> control<br />
Circle diagram of generator<br />
www.eera-set.eu<br />
Limits:<br />
theta – <strong>power</strong> angle<br />
Is – stator current<br />
Iw – excit<strong>in</strong>g current<br />
Ptm<strong>in</strong> – m<strong>in</strong>imal turb<strong>in</strong>e <strong>power</strong><br />
Ptmax – maximal turb<strong>in</strong>e <strong>power</strong><br />
A – generator limits<br />
B – generator <strong>voltage</strong> regulator limits<br />
C – ARNE limits<br />
D – limits set by <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
dispatcher
ARNE – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
of <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
www.eera-set.eu
ARNE – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
of <strong>power</strong> plant<br />
Characteristics of ARNE <strong>voltage</strong> control<br />
www.eera-set.eu
ARST – <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control<br />
of transformer substation<br />
ARST – Automatic <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control system of transformer<br />
substation<br />
‣ Implemented s<strong>in</strong>ce 90’s<br />
‣ <strong>in</strong>stalled <strong>in</strong> most of TSO owned transformer substations <strong>in</strong> Pol<strong>and</strong><br />
‣ <strong>voltage</strong> level <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> flow control<br />
‣ Remote control from dispatch<strong>in</strong>g centres<br />
New requirements:<br />
‣ Cooperation ARST with w<strong>in</strong>d <strong>farms</strong> <strong>and</strong> other DERs<br />
‣ Supervisory role (coord<strong>in</strong>ator)<br />
www.eera-set.eu
<strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm requirements of TSO <strong>and</strong> DSOs<br />
‣ automatic control of <strong>voltage</strong>, <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> or <strong>power</strong> factor at connection po<strong>in</strong>t<br />
‣ cooperation with the supervisory <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control systems<br />
(ARST)<br />
cosφ=0,95 (poj)<br />
P<br />
cosφ=0,95 (<strong>in</strong>d)<br />
S<br />
Pos<br />
PQ characteristics<br />
φ<br />
Required range of available <strong>reactive</strong><br />
Q<br />
<strong>power</strong> when generat<strong>in</strong>g active <strong>power</strong><br />
Q<br />
Qmax gen<br />
Characteristics of <strong>voltage</strong> control at<br />
Qmax pob<br />
Um<strong>in</strong><br />
Uprog1<br />
Uz<br />
Uprog2<br />
Umax<br />
U<br />
connection po<strong>in</strong>t when operat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
autonomously<br />
www.eera-set.eu
<strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm <strong><strong>in</strong>tegration</strong> <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated control<br />
Goals:<br />
‣ <strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> <strong>farms</strong> should play active role <strong>in</strong> <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control like<br />
generators <strong>in</strong> ARNE systems<br />
‣ Focus on fast „generator” regulation realised by w<strong>in</strong>d <strong>farms</strong><br />
‣ Slow transformer regulation<br />
‣ cooperation with the supervisory <strong>voltage</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>reactive</strong> <strong>power</strong> control systems<br />
(ARST)<br />
Where is Smart Grid?<br />
‣ 110 kV is the DSO <strong>voltage</strong> level<br />
‣ developed solutions/algorithms could also be usefull for MV<br />
www.eera-set.eu
<strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm <strong><strong>in</strong>tegration</strong> <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated control<br />
www.eera-set.eu
<strong>W<strong>in</strong>d</strong> farm <strong><strong>in</strong>tegration</strong> <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ated control<br />
Challenges:<br />
‣ Different PQ characteristics of w<strong>in</strong>d <strong>farms</strong><br />
‣ Communication between ARST <strong>and</strong> distant w<strong>in</strong>d <strong>farms</strong> (tens of km)<br />
‣ Variety of communication protocols (sometimes lack of comm capabilities!)<br />
First implementation of ARST (400/110 kV) with two coord<strong>in</strong>ated w<strong>in</strong>d<br />
<strong>farms</strong> (connected to 110 kV <strong>and</strong> to 400 kV) <strong>in</strong> Q3 2012<br />
www.eera-set.eu
Thank you for your attention<br />
Institute of Power Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Research Institute<br />
Gdansk Division<br />
Mikolaja Reja 27<br />
80-870 Gdansk<br />
Pol<strong>and</strong><br />
www.eera-set.eu
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