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Delivering On Your Promises:<br />
IEA<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong><br />
THE INSTITUTE<br />
OF ECONOMIC<br />
AFFAIRS<br />
A Public Policy <strong>Institute</strong><br />
President Mills’<br />
social Contract with the<br />
people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong><br />
President Mills’
THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS<br />
IEA<br />
GHANA <br />
Delivering On Your Promises:<br />
President Mills’ Social Contract with<br />
the People <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong><br />
Commitments <strong>of</strong> President Mills during the 2008 Presidential<br />
Debates and Evening Encounter<br />
An <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong> / <strong>Ghana</strong> Political Parties Programme Publication<br />
I
The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong> (IEA), <strong>Ghana</strong>, was founded in October 1989<br />
as an independent, public policy institute dedicated to the establishment and<br />
strengthening <strong>of</strong> a market economy and a democratic, free and open society. It<br />
considers improvements in the legal, social and political institutions as necessary<br />
conditions for sustainable economic growth and human development.<br />
The IEA supports research and promotes and publishes studies on important economic,<br />
socio-political and legal issues in order to enhance the understanding <strong>of</strong><br />
public policy.<br />
Further information may be obtained from the Publication Officer:<br />
The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong><br />
P.O.Box OS 1936, Osu Accra, <strong>Ghana</strong><br />
Tel: +233-302244716 / 0307010714<br />
Fax: +233 302- 222313<br />
Email: iea@ieagh.org<br />
ISBN: 9988-584-87-3<br />
ISSN: 0855-3238<br />
©2010 Copyright by The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong><br />
Printed in <strong>Ghana</strong>. All rights reserved. No part <strong>of</strong> this work may be published,<br />
used or reproduced in any manner without written permission <strong>of</strong> the publisher<br />
except in the case <strong>of</strong> brief quotations in critical articles and reviews.<br />
Publication <strong>of</strong> this work signifies that The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong> regards<br />
it as a competent treatment worthy <strong>of</strong> public consideration. The findings, interpretations<br />
and conclusions <strong>of</strong> this paper are entirely those <strong>of</strong> the authors, and<br />
should not be attributed to the <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong> or any organisations<br />
that support it.<br />
II
CONTENTS<br />
Preface<br />
1. An Evening Encounter with President Mills 1<br />
2. Presidential Debate, Accra 30<br />
3. Presidential Debate, Tamale 44<br />
Index <strong>of</strong> Issues 60<br />
III
PREFACE<br />
The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong> (IEA) <strong>Ghana</strong>, seeks to promote the consolidation<br />
<strong>of</strong> democracy and good governance in <strong>Ghana</strong> and West Africa.<br />
The IEA works at this through national and sub-regional programmes<br />
<strong>of</strong> advocacy for democracy in economic and political governance. Over<br />
twenty years, The IEA has initiated far-reaching processes <strong>of</strong> multi party<br />
democracy in <strong>Ghana</strong>, and carried out events <strong>of</strong> national cohesion and political<br />
accommodation and accountability.<br />
Since the year 2000, The IEA has organised Presidential Election Debates<br />
ahead <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the nation’s Presidential Elections. In each election year,<br />
these debates have provided Presidential candidates a platform on which<br />
to debate the policies and programmes that they believe will best serve the<br />
national interest. The Presidential Election Debates are gradually instilling<br />
an issues-driven approach to Presidential campaigns. The debates <strong>of</strong>fer the<br />
electorate information on the policy direction <strong>of</strong> each Presidential candidate’s<br />
manifesto, with which to make informed choices.<br />
The IEA has created yet another platform to enhance the development <strong>of</strong><br />
an issues-driven approach to national elections and the establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
accountable leadership in <strong>Ghana</strong>. This is the Evening Encounter Series,<br />
which was initiated in the year 2008.<br />
The Evening Encounters concept differs from that <strong>of</strong> the Presidential Debates,<br />
in that while the focus <strong>of</strong> the Debates is the interaction between<br />
Presidential candidates, the focus <strong>of</strong> the Encounters is the interaction between<br />
candidates and the electorate. These Encounters <strong>of</strong>fered the four<br />
Presidential candidates, whose political parties had representation in Parliament,<br />
an evening each <strong>of</strong> interaction with a cross section <strong>of</strong> interest<br />
groups.<br />
By providing a public forum in which each <strong>of</strong> the candidates can present<br />
their policies and be challenged by both the other candidates and members<br />
<strong>of</strong> the public, both the Evening Enounter series and the Debates serve<br />
to enhance the level <strong>of</strong> accountability demanded from <strong>Ghana</strong>’s potential<br />
IV
leaders. This is particularly important with respect to the candidate who<br />
subsequently goes on to win the election.<br />
This publication provides a transcript <strong>of</strong> President Mill’s (candidate Mills<br />
as he then was) presentation and responses at the Evening Encounter held<br />
on 26 June 2008 as well as at the Accra and Tamale Presidential Debates<br />
held on 29 October 2008 and 12 November 2008 respectively. The IEA<br />
has also published transcripts <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the Debates and each <strong>of</strong> the Evening<br />
Encounters <strong>of</strong> the other candidates separately.<br />
This combined publication focusing on President Mills recognises that the<br />
commitments that he made at each <strong>of</strong> the events constitute a contract that<br />
he and his Administration made with the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian people in exchange for<br />
their support. By publishing the transcript <strong>of</strong> these events it is hoped that<br />
the terms <strong>of</strong> this contract are not readily forgotten and that the public continues<br />
to demand public accountability from its present leader.<br />
While this publication contains three distinct sections based on each <strong>of</strong> the<br />
events, it includes an index at the end <strong>of</strong> the document to assist readers to<br />
identify President Mills’ comments on various subject matters. We hope<br />
that you find this publication useful.<br />
Thank you.<br />
Jean Mensa<br />
Executive Director<br />
V
1. AN EVENING ENCOUNTER WITH<br />
PRESIDENT MILLS<br />
(insert picture - to be provided)<br />
Candidate Mills delivering his presentation at his Evening Encounter<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, I dedicate this presentation to my<br />
good friend and colleague Mr. Tsatsu Tsikata. I speak today with the aim<br />
that if anybody thought that jailing Tsatsu was going to lower my resolve,<br />
and dampen my spirits, they were wrong. I am going to go on.<br />
I am grateful to The IEA for giving me this platform to present myself and<br />
the vision <strong>of</strong> the NDC for a better <strong>Ghana</strong> when we assume <strong>of</strong>fice in January<br />
2009.<br />
We know, ladies and gentlemen, that <strong>Ghana</strong>ians are at this time concerned<br />
about the future <strong>of</strong> our country. They are worried about the harsh living<br />
conditions; they are also worried about the upsurge in crime and <strong>of</strong> course<br />
the dramatic growth in narcotic trading in this country. I share their concerns<br />
and as I go along, I will tell you how we intend to assure them that<br />
the future will be better.<br />
There are some who argue that the election should be based on a comparison<br />
<strong>of</strong> the records <strong>of</strong> the various political parties and their candidates.<br />
We have no problems with this because we feel that if this comparison is<br />
fairly done the NDC will come out tops. And we are also certain that we<br />
will perform even better when we assume the reigns <strong>of</strong> government in<br />
January 2009.<br />
1
My distinguished ladies and gentlemen, who here can deny that the election<br />
is about the leadership and qualities that the Presidential candidate<br />
will bring to bear on the state <strong>of</strong> affairs <strong>of</strong> this country? Who can tell me<br />
that leadership, character and decency are mutually exclusive? It is not for<br />
nothing that our electoral rules insist that the parties indicate who is going<br />
to be their Presidential candidate before the elections are held. Otherwise<br />
they would just ask the parties to go for elections and after the elections<br />
they will decide on who is going to be the leader <strong>of</strong> the party.<br />
I bring to the table my core values <strong>of</strong> truth, honesty and humility. I will<br />
lead a government that is decent, truthful, honest and caring, to mend the<br />
broken trust between elected <strong>of</strong>ficials and the people <strong>of</strong> this country.<br />
Due to political partisanship over the years, our country has become polarised.<br />
Indeed, if you do not belong to the ruling party, you are discriminated<br />
against. Let me say this, I Atta Mills will be President not only <strong>of</strong> the NDC<br />
but <strong>of</strong> all the people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>. Once the elections are over we should all<br />
be united in a common cause with a common objective. There is no need<br />
to make any distinction.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, I have said before that this country is not short <strong>of</strong><br />
blueprints and plans for development. The problem is with implementation,<br />
which is easily traceable to leadership. Sometimes we lack the political<br />
will. There are instances where we have beautiful promises but we<br />
over-state the successes. Sometimes, even before policies are implemented<br />
or before they finish the implementation, government ministers rush to<br />
announce successes just to score cheap political points.<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, good governance means fairness. Indeed<br />
leadership must strive for the common good. I will not rig the economy<br />
to benefit my relations, my family, my close friends and members <strong>of</strong><br />
my party. Indeed those <strong>of</strong> us who subscribe to the social democracy theory<br />
believe that it is the responsibility <strong>of</strong> the government to take care <strong>of</strong> those<br />
who are underprivileged and marginalised because as you can see these<br />
fingers are not equal and we believe that we should be each other’s keeper.<br />
Those on the other side also insist that it should be the survival <strong>of</strong> the fittest.<br />
They say we should have each man for himself and God for us all. We<br />
2
consider this unacceptable. Even more unacceptable to us, is the statement<br />
that it is each man for himself and God for us, the selective few.<br />
My brothers and sisters, fairness is being gradually lost in our society.<br />
When we were in power, we implemented a policy where, if there were<br />
funds in the Road Fund, we would equally distribute them to contractors<br />
whom we owed so that they could keep their businesses on the road. That<br />
was fairness. What do we see now? The discrimination that is going on in<br />
our society!<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen; it is my candid view that government<br />
should be a tool in the service <strong>of</strong> the people. It should not be an instrument<br />
to aid people to loot state c<strong>of</strong>fers or acquire illegal wealth. That is why I<br />
have said and repeat that Atta Mills will crack the whip when any <strong>of</strong> my<br />
appointees crosses the line or does anything that smacks <strong>of</strong> illegality and<br />
corruption.<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, good governance also means that the<br />
government must be alive to its responsibilities. The government must<br />
solve ordinary problems confronting the people; the government must be<br />
interested in the welfare <strong>of</strong> people and what it’s going to achieve will inure<br />
to the common good.<br />
We have some problems in this country. Water is a rare commodity. You<br />
are lucky if water runs through your tap continuously for one week. It<br />
will be a miracle. Electricity supply is as erratic as ever and yet nobody<br />
seems to be doing anything. It is pathetic to see children and women walk<br />
long distances to fetch water. A government that is caring must be interested<br />
in solving these many problems. There are other matters <strong>of</strong> concern.<br />
When you go round our country especially in the cities, you see structures<br />
springing up. They are developing urban slums. Do we have structural or<br />
zoning laws? If we do are we enforcing them? And I will suggest that we<br />
involve the transport sector to synchronise our activities.<br />
My brothers and sisters, the global economic crisis is causing additional<br />
hardship for the people <strong>of</strong> this country and any government must be interested<br />
in this. The India example is worth looking at where austerity<br />
3
measures were taken. Indeed, it has been announced that ministers should<br />
avoid expensive expenditures. They should avoid foreign air travel; they<br />
should avoid meetings in five star hotels and cut down expenditures. This<br />
is a government which is interested in taking austerity measures to solve<br />
a problem.<br />
My brothers and sisters, another problem <strong>of</strong> great concern to many <strong>Ghana</strong>ians<br />
is the upsurge in crime. Many <strong>of</strong> our colleagues have harrowing<br />
stories <strong>of</strong> being victims <strong>of</strong> criminals, especially armed robbers, and yet I<br />
am told that the police records show that crime is on the decrease. Well it<br />
may be so but my own suspicion is that many victims have lost confidence<br />
in the ability and willingness <strong>of</strong> authorities to solve the problem and therefore<br />
they do not bother to report.<br />
Atta Mills’ government will make sure that we bring together experts <strong>of</strong><br />
all political shades, for after all, when criminals want to attack you they do<br />
not ask whether you are NDC, NPP, DFP or whatever you are. We will tap<br />
the expertise in order to come out with strategies to deal with this particular<br />
problem. Indeed, we will revive the regional partnership in intelligence<br />
gathering, which we initiated when we were in power, which enabled us<br />
to solve many cross-border criminal problems.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, the police should be in the front line <strong>of</strong> the fight<br />
against crime. But indeed, they themselves are in serious need <strong>of</strong> revival<br />
and restoration. I promise you our government will initiate measures to<br />
ensure that we restore morale and confidence in the police service. Need I<br />
talk about the dramatic growth in narcotics trading in and through <strong>Ghana</strong>?<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong> is fast losing our hard-earned reputation because <strong>of</strong> the activities <strong>of</strong><br />
drug barons who, because <strong>of</strong> the economic power that they wield, succeed<br />
in compromising the individuals and authorities who should be enforcing<br />
our laws. Is it any wonder that the many probes that we have had have not<br />
yielded any positive results? Indeed, the perception out there is that the<br />
NPP government has created an atmosphere which allows drug barons to<br />
go scot free and sometimes even be welcome.<br />
I am concerned about the drug problem because <strong>of</strong> the correlation between<br />
drug use and crime. I am also worried about the effect on health especially<br />
4
HIV/AIDS. Indeed, about a week ago Dr. Asare, the Chief Psychiatrist<br />
at the Mental Hospital gave an interview to the VOA in which he talked<br />
about the monumental levels to which drug use has reached in our country.<br />
And indeed, he also went on to talk about his concern about the effects <strong>of</strong><br />
drug use on our human resource base. Atta Mills’ government will cooperate<br />
with the appropriate agencies, both local and foreign, to stamp out the<br />
drug trade. As I said not too long ago, Atta Mills will not allow the drug<br />
barons to make <strong>Ghana</strong> a subsidiary <strong>of</strong> their activities. <strong>Ghana</strong> is a signatory<br />
to the UN laws on narcotics control especially the part that deals with seizure<br />
and forfeiture <strong>of</strong> assets <strong>of</strong> those convicted <strong>of</strong> dealing in narcotics. We<br />
shall faithfully and diligently follow our obligations, honour our obligations<br />
under these laws. And I can assure you that Atta Mills will be in no<br />
hurry to arrange for the exchange <strong>of</strong> these prisoners or their transfers from<br />
foreign jails where they are justifiably languishing in <strong>Ghana</strong>ian prisons.<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, I am sure you will want to have an<br />
idea as to some <strong>of</strong> the initiatives that we want to take when it comes to<br />
the economy, which obviously is what the whole thing is about. We will<br />
adopt a set <strong>of</strong> policies, which will ensure high economic growth. We will<br />
do this by anchoring it in an increase in domestic savings to support a high<br />
volume <strong>of</strong> investment in infrastructure. Our emphasis on infrastructure<br />
is deliberate. By so doing we will be facilitating industrial development,<br />
which will enable us to create jobs for our people. We will not be unmindful<br />
<strong>of</strong> the need to have macroeconomic stability. But we are not going to<br />
have macroeconomic stability for its own sake. We will want an environment<br />
that gives us the fiscal space to invest meaningfully in agriculture, in<br />
education, in housing, in health, among others.<br />
We shall also review the exemption scheme under our tax laws and also<br />
put in place measures that will enhance revenue collection. But ladies and<br />
gentlemen, we will also not hesitate in cutting out extravagance, filth and<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ligate expenditure in government.<br />
Now when it comes to agriculture, that, as I said, is going to be the backbone.<br />
A nation that cannot feed itself is a nation in distress. We have a<br />
situation where the average <strong>Ghana</strong>ian spends almost 70% <strong>of</strong> his income on<br />
food. Now with the rising prices he may be spending 80% <strong>of</strong> his income<br />
5
on food. This is unacceptable. Atta Mills will want to begin a renaissance<br />
in agriculture. We will want, at the end <strong>of</strong> our term, to ensure that the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian<br />
spends much less on food. How do we intend to do this? We intend<br />
to double production <strong>of</strong> cereals and other staples and the cultivation <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetables, fruits and even flowers. Indeed, ladies and gentlemen, there is<br />
no country in the world which has succeeded in agriculture without paying<br />
attention to one important ingredient; that is water.<br />
Unfortunately these days, due to climatic changes we cannot rely on rainfed<br />
agriculture. For this we are going to rehabilitate all the irrigation projects<br />
that we have in the country and even establish new ones in designated<br />
areas. But our flagship irrigation project is going to be the canalisation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Accra Plains consisting <strong>of</strong> 178,000 hectares <strong>of</strong> land. I want to remind<br />
you, ladies and gentlemen, that this was indeed an important, but<br />
unimplemented programme <strong>of</strong> Kwame Nkrumah with regard to his Volta<br />
River Project. We shall also establish a factory to produce fertilizer in the<br />
Western Region using our gas reserves. Next, we are going to continue our<br />
agro afforestation, which we bequeathed to the NPP. This time round we<br />
are also going to encourage bamboo cultivation.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, when it comes to poultry it is a very sad story. In<br />
1992, 95% <strong>of</strong> the poultry consumed locally came from local sources. At<br />
the moment, due to the unbridled importation <strong>of</strong> poultry products, local<br />
poultry sources account for only 10%. The poultry industry is near collapse.<br />
We want to reverse this trend. We are going to impose tariffs and<br />
duties on imported poultry products and this can be done in accordance<br />
with WTO rules. We will also reduce the cost <strong>of</strong> poultry feed and finally<br />
help poultry farmers reactivate their businesses, through the establishment<br />
<strong>of</strong> a poultry sub-sector fund. When it comes to fishing, the activities <strong>of</strong><br />
foreign fleet and trawling activities have indeed led to a situation where<br />
our fish stock is seriously depleted and where the livelihood <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> our<br />
fishermen is being adversely affected.<br />
We propose to reserve a 200-mile exclusive economic zone for purposes<br />
<strong>of</strong> conservation. This can be done under the new end law <strong>of</strong> the sea and<br />
during this period trawling will be monitored and regulated. Now when it<br />
comes to pre-mix fuel we will attempt to remove the bottlenecks associ-<br />
6
ated with its production and distribution. And within that, the interest <strong>of</strong><br />
fishermen will be best served if the pre-mix fuel is made the responsibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> our chief fishermen.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, any country which ignores education does so at his<br />
own peril. Now let’s look at pre-school and primary education. In this 21st<br />
century, it is unpardonable and unacceptable for children to acquire education<br />
under trees, dilapidated structures and life-threatening sub-structures.<br />
It is not good. We will take steps to rehabilitate these structures. We will<br />
also, in addition, extend the school feeding programme to cover all primary<br />
schools. We will, in addition, take seriously the de-worming exercise<br />
and also in cases where the people cannot afford school uniforms, we will<br />
give them standard school uniforms.<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, when it comes to secondary education<br />
I must say that the Pr<strong>of</strong>. Anamuah Committee did a very pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
job. But when it came to the level <strong>of</strong> political decision-making, the NPP<br />
government thought it was important to put its seal on the educational<br />
reform programme by tinkering with the component on secondary education.<br />
Now the tinkering indeed, appeared very petty in certain respects<br />
especially the change <strong>of</strong> name from Junior Secondary School to Junior<br />
High, Senior High. One will ask what will the NDC do? Are you going to<br />
reverse the decisions? The answer is no. We do not want education to be<br />
regarded as a football to be kicked around by parties in power. What we<br />
intend to is to convene a meeting with all the stakeholders and all political<br />
parties so we agree on the way forward.<br />
There is also the problem <strong>of</strong> access. At the moment only half <strong>of</strong> the people<br />
who qualify for secondary education gain access. In our time we were able<br />
to provide 250 secondary schools. In the 7 and half years <strong>of</strong> the NPP government<br />
they have provided only 15; we have a shortfall <strong>of</strong> 300. We need<br />
to do something about this. When it comes to the curriculum now in this<br />
globalised world, demand driven areas happen to be creative arts, French,<br />
Spanish, Sciences, etc. These subjects in addition to religious and moral<br />
education will be included in the curriculum and then emphasised. Indeed,<br />
the Constitution stipulates that education should be progressively free. We<br />
will take steps to ensure that over a period we are able to achieve some<br />
7
degree <strong>of</strong> provision so that eventually we make secondary education free.<br />
When it comes to tertiary education, we are not in favour <strong>of</strong> cost recovery;<br />
we want cost sharing. And here, we think that needy but brilliant students<br />
must be assisted, and also students who study science, mathematics and<br />
technology must also be aided. Therefore we propose to set aside a portion<br />
<strong>of</strong> the GETFUND to aid such students. We also propose to expand accommodation<br />
and other facilities on the campuses. I will see to the request<br />
<strong>of</strong> NUGS to have a modern <strong>of</strong>fice complex and complete the campus for<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> for Journalism as well as get together with NUGS and<br />
stakeholders to review the students loans scheme.<br />
When it comes to health, it is our proposal to review the National Health<br />
Insurance Programme, which is one <strong>of</strong> the spin and propaganda the NPP<br />
government refused to do. We want to make it truly national. We also want<br />
to continue with the rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> our Teaching Hospitals and our Regional<br />
and District Hospitals. We also want to provide K<strong>of</strong>oridua, Wa and<br />
Bolga with modern district hospitals. We also want to procure diagnostic<br />
equipments for our Teaching Hospitals and for our medical pr<strong>of</strong>ession.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, we intend to bring about an innovation in the training<br />
<strong>of</strong> medical personnel; the physician assistant who will be below a fully<br />
fledged medical <strong>of</strong>ficer. We are also going to pay attention to the training<br />
<strong>of</strong> nurses and indeed auxiliary nurses.<br />
Regarding the issue <strong>of</strong> energy at the dialogue which was organised by the<br />
Kwame Nkrumah University at which I was represented by my runningmate,<br />
in whom I am well pleased, I gave a comprehensive outline <strong>of</strong> what<br />
we intend to do. In the medium term we intend to increase the energy situation<br />
from 1,600 megawatts to 5,000. We are going to rely on gas-fired<br />
energy, rather than oil fired energy, which will make sure that the cost <strong>of</strong><br />
energy is low. It will enable VALCO not only to operate but it will also<br />
enable us to have an aluminium industry, which will indeed make use <strong>of</strong><br />
our bauxite deposits; something which has been our dream since the First<br />
Republic. We also intend to expand the Osagyefo Barge and also to implement<br />
the Aboadze Steam Turbine hero. We are delighted that we have<br />
struck oil, but ladies and gentlemen, nobody can deny that this is a crown-<br />
8
ing glory to the efforts by the GNPC under Tsatsu Tsikata who is now<br />
languishing in jail. And I believe that Tsatsu will take pride in the fact that<br />
through his selfless efforts this country has been blessed by the Almighty<br />
with oil reserves!<br />
Now let me say that we are going to account strictly for the revenue which<br />
will come from the oil and gas. We are going to have an independent allparty<br />
body to oversee the operation <strong>of</strong> this segment <strong>of</strong> our economy. We<br />
are not going to engage in pr<strong>of</strong>ligate spending. We are going to make sure<br />
that we use the revenues for the benefit <strong>of</strong> our people. We want our oil<br />
discovery to be a blessing and not a curse.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, the oil companies will be well advised, given the<br />
experience <strong>of</strong> other countries, to form meaningful partnerships with the<br />
communities in which they operate, especially with the fishermen, so they<br />
do not feel that their livelihood is being destroyed by the operation <strong>of</strong><br />
these companies.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, when it comes to renewable energy, we have wind<br />
energy, which is a result <strong>of</strong> research done during our time by the Energy<br />
Commission. And indeed we are told that we can get about 5,200 megawatts<br />
using wind energy. With solar energy, we will go ahead to exploit<br />
it, and indeed it is possible for us to have hydro schemes on Tano, Pra,<br />
Ankobra, and Gwollu.<br />
Distinguished ladies and gentlemen, what is the future picture? There are<br />
some who will say that our ideas are big; others will say they are too simple.<br />
There are those who are going to ask how are you going to fund these<br />
schemes? Let me tell you, if we cut out the excessive spending, that will<br />
be first step in a journey <strong>of</strong> a hundred or a million miles. There are those<br />
<strong>of</strong> our sceptics who will say you cannot eradicate poverty in this country.<br />
Poverty, like corruption started from the time <strong>of</strong> Adam. But let me say<br />
ladies and gentlemen, it is ironical that in seven and a half years, some<br />
elected <strong>of</strong>ficials who were wallowing in poverty have been able to get out<br />
<strong>of</strong> it and yet they tell us that it is too short a period for us to be able to do<br />
something about eradication <strong>of</strong> poverty.<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, Atta Mills will want to have a society where every<br />
9
child <strong>of</strong> school-going age has the ability to do so; where women are going<br />
to be empowered to take their rightful place in society; where <strong>Ghana</strong><br />
will be the financial hub <strong>of</strong> the sub-region; where food will be in abundance;<br />
where we shall be each other’s keeper; where we will not be fighting<br />
among ourselves.<br />
Atta Mills will want to head a government which is caring, which is honest<br />
and which is accountable. Kwame Nkrumah had a creative spirit, that is<br />
why he was able to achieve so much. Former President Rawlings in whose<br />
government I was privileged to serve, had big ideas and courage. It is no<br />
wonder, therefore, that under his watch we were able to extend electricity<br />
to the northern parts <strong>of</strong> our country even though people were told that it<br />
was impracticable to do so. Atta Mills believes that with the right kind <strong>of</strong><br />
leadership which is not vindictive, which is forward looking, which has a<br />
common objective, we should be able to attain our objectives as a nation.<br />
Atta Mills will want to be remembered as the leader during whose period<br />
<strong>of</strong> stewardship the people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong> did what was pleasing in the sight <strong>of</strong><br />
God. May the Good Lord Himself shower our nation with His blessings!<br />
Thank you very much.<br />
10
QUESTION AND ANSWER SECTION<br />
Matilda Asante, JOY FM:<br />
In making your presentation Pr<strong>of</strong>, you did talk about the fact that you will<br />
crack the whip on members <strong>of</strong> your government who will go wrong.<br />
It was your government that passed the law on causing financial loss to<br />
the state, and yet at the start <strong>of</strong> your statement, you said you were sad that<br />
Tsatsu Tsikata had been jailed.<br />
Were you sad because the law you passed had been applied, or because<br />
you thought that he was unjustly sentenced?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I had the privilege <strong>of</strong> going to court on a number <strong>of</strong> occasions, and listened<br />
to the proceedings. I am also a lawyer; I was there when that law was<br />
passed. And I must say that I was taken aback by the judgement. I thought<br />
that Tsatsu had done the best that he could. Rather than throwing him into<br />
jail, I genuinely believe that he deserves our honour; somebody who rendered<br />
selfless and dedicated service to our nation. Tsatsu has no property<br />
to his name, he has nothing. And if you serve a nation that does not honour<br />
its heroes, you will think twice about making any sacrifices. But this will<br />
be my statement. At the appropriate time I will come out fully. But I know<br />
the good Lord is going to be Tsatsu’s judge.<br />
Question via text message from Sena, Volta Region:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills, you spoke about agriculture and how you wanted to double<br />
cereal, fruit and vegetable production. You didn’t tell us exactly how you<br />
plan to do that.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
When it comes to agriculture, one <strong>of</strong> the main ingredients is water. If you<br />
have been engaged in agriculture, you will know this. The way we are<br />
going to do this is through irrigation. I believe therefore that with the investment<br />
in infrastructure that we are going to have, and the particular<br />
attention that we are going to pay to agriculture, not lip service, we think<br />
that we should be able to do this. I told you about the Accra Plains. Where<br />
11
you have regular supply <strong>of</strong> water, where you have fertilizer and where you<br />
have the commitment and dedication, I don’t think that there is anything<br />
that you cannot achieve. Other countries have achieved their objectives;<br />
why can’t we as a nation? Indeed, let me tell you it was done some time<br />
ago. You were all witnesses in the 1970s where through Operation Feed<br />
Yourself, we were at least able to increase agriculture production. I am not<br />
saying that we should liken what we intend to do to this, but I am saying<br />
that where there is a will, there is a way.<br />
Amos Safo, The Public Agenda newspaper:<br />
Still on the Tsatsu case, what will you do regarding the law on Causing<br />
Financial Loss to the State? Will you consider repealing it?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
It will remain on the statutes books until we, as a party or government,<br />
think otherwise. But I believe that it is not a question <strong>of</strong> the law being in<br />
the statutes books. There are so many laws; it is a question <strong>of</strong> interpreting<br />
it. This is where I have a problem with this. It is not the law per se. How<br />
do you interpret it? And I believe that in this particular case, it has been a<br />
great miscarriage <strong>of</strong> justice to Tsatsu.<br />
Dr. Sodzi Sodzi-Tettey, <strong>Ghana</strong> Medical Association:<br />
The <strong>Ghana</strong> Medical Association is concerned about the state <strong>of</strong> mental<br />
healthcare in the country, aspects <strong>of</strong> which are a spin-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> the narcotic<br />
drug trade. There are records <strong>of</strong> increasing incidence <strong>of</strong> narcotic use in<br />
secondary schools. We have a severe shortage <strong>of</strong> staff in the Psychiatry<br />
Hospitals and a handful <strong>of</strong> doctors and nurses. Generally it is something<br />
that requires attention.<br />
For over three years, we’ve had the Mental Health Bill, which has still not<br />
been passed. What are the plans <strong>of</strong> the NDC, as far as reforming the state<br />
<strong>of</strong> mental health care is concerned?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I wish you had said that the years in which NDC was in power. If it hadn’t<br />
been passed, then you know where to lay the blame. But that is one reason<br />
why I am worried about the narcotics trade. It is the effect it has on our<br />
12
youth, who are the future. Here we are, we now have to find additional<br />
resources to ensure that we are able to control the harmful effects <strong>of</strong> drug<br />
use. We have no option but to prevail on parliament so they can go ahead<br />
and look at the bill and pass it into law. Whatever resources we have, we<br />
also have to look at the state <strong>of</strong> mental health in our country and see what<br />
we can do. I mean it is the responsibility <strong>of</strong> our government. If we have<br />
not been vigilant enough; if we have allowed drug use in our country; if<br />
we have opened our doors; the least that we can do for our youth is to redeem<br />
them from the pits into which they have fallen.<br />
Mr. Kwesi Jonah, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>:<br />
What the pr<strong>of</strong>essor has told us this evening is very interesting. But if you<br />
want what interests me, it is about what he refused, or failed, to say. We<br />
have not heard one word about private sector development; we have not<br />
heard one word about corruption.<br />
Finally, regarding what you said about irrigating the Accra Plains, I want<br />
to find out from you whether you are aware <strong>of</strong> those research findings that<br />
say that large scale irrigation schemes do not work in developing countries.<br />
Thank you.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I hope you are not implying that they work elsewhere, but not in developing<br />
countries. Mr. Kwesi Jonah, as I was speaking they passed a note to<br />
me. They were telling me that my time was up. In 25 minutes you cannot<br />
cover every subject. I believe that when our manifesto is published, many<br />
<strong>of</strong> these areas will be covered. But let me say that when I appeared before<br />
the AGI I had the opportunity to discuss with them private sector development<br />
and to look at their concerns.<br />
On corruption, I believe that you’ve heard me speak time and again about<br />
corruption. We are told that we have the institutions to check corruption. If<br />
indeed we have them, we must give them their independence and resource<br />
them to be able to do their work and when they come out with their findings<br />
we must not only bark, we must bite. We must show that corruption<br />
is indeed inimical to the interest <strong>of</strong> our country.<br />
13
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Takyiwaa Manu, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, you are speaking on a topic that is dear to both <strong>of</strong> us; education. You<br />
mentioned that there was a problem with access and you mentioned that<br />
under your leadership all students who qualify in science and technology<br />
will be given scholarships.<br />
First <strong>of</strong> all, the National Council for Tertiary Education has a 60-40 mix<br />
between science and arts in our universities. That is what we are supposed<br />
to do to as a developing country; to have 60% <strong>of</strong> science students and 40%<br />
arts students. Pr<strong>of</strong> Adarkwa, the Vice Chancellor <strong>of</strong> the Kwame Nkrumah<br />
University says that even if we were to admit all the science students that<br />
qualify we will still not make that 60% <strong>of</strong> science students.<br />
So I would like to know what your government will do to encourage the<br />
production <strong>of</strong> science students. And I want to link it to the issue that you<br />
raised about primary education; the issue <strong>of</strong> content. I think that we can<br />
build all the classrooms that we want in this country, but the issue is one<br />
<strong>of</strong> quality.<br />
I want to link again the issue <strong>of</strong> quality and science education to the issue<br />
<strong>of</strong> language. I want to know what your government policy will be on<br />
language instruction in primary schools to enable children to understand<br />
science and mathematics and other such abstract disciplines.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Takyiwaa, the thing is this; you will find that students, in choosing their<br />
subjects, will take a lot <strong>of</strong> things into consideration. When they know that<br />
they can go to the universities and they can get scholarships and sponsorships,<br />
more students are going to be more inclined to choose science subjects<br />
or to read science.<br />
I had the privilege <strong>of</strong> teaching in the university. Many <strong>of</strong> the students who<br />
read administration were top science students but they chose administration<br />
because <strong>of</strong> the attractive nature <strong>of</strong> the jobs afterwards and also because<br />
some companies were sponsoring them. That is just to show that<br />
once you have an attractive package there will be tendency for students to<br />
move into that area.<br />
14
Now you ask about the language we are going to use in the primary school.<br />
I think communication is very important. There are some who say we<br />
should teach them in their native language. Now let me say that our native<br />
language is limited in so many areas. There are so many things that you<br />
cannot describe in our native language. I will say that the basic language<br />
should be English but at the same time we should teach our children our<br />
native language. I think that English should be the medium <strong>of</strong> instruction<br />
because as you grow up you will find that our native language is incapable<br />
<strong>of</strong> interpreting many <strong>of</strong> the concepts that we have and I think that this is<br />
the way we should go.<br />
Matilda Asante, JOY FM:<br />
My understanding <strong>of</strong> research done with regards to primary education is<br />
that the children tend to understand the issues better in the local dialect,<br />
which should be the first language they pick up growing up, than they will<br />
ordinarily in English.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well, I don’t know. Let’s face it. When you go to school, your first language<br />
is your native language, but as grow you will find that there are<br />
certain shortcomings in the language. So that if they decide that at the<br />
very primary level they are going to start with the native language, I think<br />
that there should be a combination <strong>of</strong> the two because it is going to serve<br />
them well. If indeed you don’t give them a good grounding in English,<br />
by the time you decide to do so it’s going to be too late. Let me say that I<br />
am not an authority on linguistics but from my own experience, this is my<br />
proposal.<br />
Mrs. Irene Adanusa, GNAT:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, we have had so many reforms in Education. The focus over the past<br />
10 years has been more on basic education. Considering our limited resources,<br />
what will your government focus on? Will you still focus on basic<br />
education or will you try and balance over the various levels <strong>of</strong> education?<br />
For whichever design you choose, could you give us one or two prescriptions<br />
as to how you will handle quality issues; quality in the sense <strong>of</strong> instruction,<br />
quality <strong>of</strong> teachers, quality <strong>of</strong> the social status <strong>of</strong> the teachers,<br />
15
and especially quality <strong>of</strong> technical vocational education that will be effective<br />
for the development <strong>of</strong> our country.<br />
Mrs. Rose Karikari Annan, <strong>Ghana</strong> Employers Association:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, in an economy where there is low skills, low productivity, and low<br />
wages, we cannot reduce poverty. But we are in a vicious cycle <strong>of</strong> inadequate<br />
education, poor training, low productivity, and poor quality jobs,<br />
which land people low paying jobs. It doesn’t allow workers who have not<br />
got relevant skills to participate in economic and social development. And<br />
this in turn fuels a negative impact on the development <strong>of</strong> enterprises. So<br />
enterprises are also not able to compete on the global market.<br />
My question is, what are you going to do about the low productivity issue<br />
<strong>of</strong> this country?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Thank you for the two questions. Mrs. Adanusa, yes you are right; nothing<br />
is static; everything is dynamic. When it comes to education, you have<br />
to review the educational system to respond to needs <strong>of</strong> the people. I will<br />
say that my government will periodically review the educational structure<br />
from top to bottom to see if our educational system responds to the current<br />
needs. If indeed in the past we have concentrated on primary education,<br />
perhaps it was felt that there was a certain need. But I will want a situation<br />
where we take a holistic view <strong>of</strong> education. Now there was something that<br />
you’ve touched on; you were talking about quality education. You are not<br />
going to get quality education unless you have educators who are properly<br />
motivated. This is the problem that we have. If you have teachers who are<br />
well motivated I can assure you, you are going to get the quality.<br />
But you have a situation where the teacher is not properly paid so he goes<br />
to class and he does not give his or her best. And because the teacher is<br />
poor based on his social standing <strong>of</strong> course he comes down. Now we have<br />
situations right in the universities where you find that a big portion <strong>of</strong> their<br />
emoluments is in the form <strong>of</strong> allowances. Now these allowances do not<br />
count when we are determining the pension <strong>of</strong> university lecturers. I am<br />
using this because I am familiar with this. How do you expect anybody to<br />
accept to teach in the university when he knows that after so many years<br />
<strong>of</strong> work the emoluments which they considered important when he was<br />
16
teaching will no longer be taken into consideration in paying his pension?<br />
I think that the problem we have is that if we want quality education we<br />
have to pay for it. We have to give them a realistic salary so that they will<br />
be well motivated.<br />
People keep telling me we can never get quality education because we<br />
can’t even get teachers. The reason why we cannot get teachers is that<br />
people do not think that the teaching pr<strong>of</strong>ession is attractive. I am not surprised<br />
that people don’t want to go into teaching. In 2000 when I suggested<br />
that university graduates should go into teaching, the NPP government had<br />
an advert in which some young people threatened to teach Mills a lesson,<br />
saying, ”When we want good jobs you say we should go into teaching...”<br />
Now if we don’t have teachers does it worry anybody? Teaching is a noble<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ession and I believe it holds a number <strong>of</strong> opportunities for many <strong>of</strong><br />
us. I think that we must pay teachers well, we must see to the education <strong>of</strong><br />
teachers, we must make sure that they get what it takes to give <strong>of</strong> their best.<br />
Now about employment and low productivity, when I spoke on the economy,<br />
I told you that we were going to increase domestic savings and more<br />
importantly, investments in infrastructure and I mentioned education.<br />
Where you make the right type <strong>of</strong> investments in education, i.e. the right<br />
type <strong>of</strong> education, and where you are able to provide people with water<br />
and energy.<br />
Have a look at energy, when we had the energy crisis, which in my view<br />
could have been avoided, the private sector was severely affected. They<br />
spent as much as $733 million to supplement their energy needs. Brothers<br />
and sisters, can we imagine what they could have used this amount for? 33<br />
companies filed for bankruptcy, many workers were laid <strong>of</strong>f and some <strong>of</strong><br />
them decided to abandon their businesses and import items.<br />
What I am saying is that where the infrastructure is not there you are going<br />
to get low productivity. Government must provide an enabling environment<br />
which is corruption free, where you are able to eliminate crime. You<br />
will find that there will be a good return on investments. There will be<br />
further investments; you are opening the doors for people so that in addition,<br />
there will be income-producing activities. You will not have to tell<br />
17
people where they should go. So the emphasis is on infrastructure. Unless<br />
you pay attention to infrastructure and cut out the frills, you are going to<br />
always be caught in this vicious cycle.<br />
Nii Acquayefio, Accra (text message):<br />
What change will we see in <strong>Ghana</strong> when we vote for you? What will you<br />
demand from road contractors to ensure better quality roads?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
You will see a new type <strong>of</strong> government. I am going to be truthful. When<br />
the road contractor is given a contract and the corrupt <strong>of</strong>ficial asks for a<br />
percentage, can you complain if he does shoddy work? Again where the<br />
contractor has not been paid for a long time, how do you expect him to<br />
stay in business and pay his workers so that they will give <strong>of</strong> their best? I<br />
think that if you have a responsible government; a government which is<br />
not going to run after contractors and demand percentages, and where the<br />
right atmosphere is created, contractors will have little to complain about.<br />
Dr. Audrey Gadzekpo, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills, you outlined a lot <strong>of</strong> l<strong>of</strong>ty and ambitious things you want to do<br />
in education and agriculture particularly. Have you done any costing for<br />
these things? Often times our politicians give us promises and when they<br />
come into power they tell us the reality is that the national budget cannot<br />
support it. Have you done any costing for expanding the school feeding<br />
programme, for increasing classrooms, for giving pupils free school uniforms,<br />
for making sure that everybody has access to primary education<br />
and for irrigating some stretches <strong>of</strong> land?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I have taken these things into consideration. That is why I said that we are<br />
going to rely on increased domestic savings, which we are going to invest<br />
in the productive sectors. If we look at our current domestic primary balance,<br />
and if we weigh revenues against expenditures, in 2007, this government<br />
was in the negative <strong>of</strong> 6.7% <strong>of</strong> GDP. In 2006 it was 4.6%. If you look<br />
at the gap between revenue and expenditure, the government was overspending.<br />
Where you have a situation as in 2007 where the fiscal deficit is<br />
almost 10% <strong>of</strong> GDP, the government cannot meet its performance targets.<br />
18
It tells you that where you have a government that is overspending; that is<br />
not saving, you have a problem investing in the important sectors.<br />
We have to cut out the filth; we will begin from somewhere. But I have no<br />
doubt whatsoever that if we are able to increase domestic savings, and I<br />
think that with our programme, detailed in our manifesto, we will be able<br />
to do it. I am not talking about some other revenues but I think that in our<br />
system there is a lot that needs to be done. You take Customs for example,<br />
I know that we are capable and that is why I told you about the exemptions<br />
scheme but we seem to be looking the other way. I have been Commissioner<br />
for the Internal Revenue Service before and I believe that given the<br />
right kind <strong>of</strong> impetus, the right kind <strong>of</strong> incentives, we will be able to do<br />
more than we are doing. So I think that it’s a question <strong>of</strong> tightening expenditures,<br />
cutting out the waste and maximising your revenue and you will<br />
be able to do more.<br />
Kwesi Gyasi:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, in advanced economies, the health <strong>of</strong> people running for public <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
is public property. There has been a lot <strong>of</strong> speculation about your<br />
health and if you were reported correctly, you have said that everybody<br />
has a hospital card. How has been your medical condition in the past 2<br />
years and what do your doctors say about your health?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Atta Mills is not a super human being. At the moment I am fit and doing<br />
my work just like any other human being. But like you or like anyone<br />
here, nobody can say when the good Lord will call him. I may live to be<br />
80 to 90 years or I may go next week. It is only God who knows. So I leave<br />
everything in the hands <strong>of</strong> God. Now that I am fit and doing my job, the<br />
rest is in the hands <strong>of</strong> God.<br />
Network <strong>of</strong> Women’s Rights Organisations:<br />
We got together and invited all the various political parties to a lunch<br />
where we informed them about the work that we have done around the<br />
Women’s Manifesto for <strong>Ghana</strong>. We gave them a fact sheet which also summarised<br />
the main demands contained in the document and we also gave<br />
them copies <strong>of</strong> the document. So I wanted to find out from you what we<br />
19
should be expecting from the National Democratic Congress’ manifesto.<br />
Our second question relates to a point you made in relation to water. Water<br />
is a very key issue for women. Please give us highlights on how you will<br />
deal with the problem <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Those <strong>of</strong> us who are old enough, Pr<strong>of</strong> Kwame Gyasi, I believe that you<br />
and I are in the same age bracket, will attest to the fact that in years past,<br />
water harvesting was one <strong>of</strong> the most important things in our country. In<br />
fact, many buildings had water reservoirs. Where I grew up, we fetched<br />
water from reservoirs. We have a situation now where we have abandoned<br />
water harvesting.<br />
I think that as a national policy, especially with public buildings and public<br />
institutions, some form <strong>of</strong> water reservoir or water harvesting must be<br />
undertaken. I think that this is an important requirement. I think that it<br />
should be the responsibility <strong>of</strong> government to invest in water production<br />
facilities. Water is life, I do not support the idea that it should be in private<br />
hands. Government may decide that they want to do this in collaboration<br />
with the private sector but I think that it is the responsibility <strong>of</strong> government<br />
to provide the resources for the water facilities.<br />
The other question that you posed was in connection with an invitation<br />
you extended to the NDC. At the time I was not around but if you did I can<br />
assure you that this has been taken into consideration in the preparation <strong>of</strong><br />
our manifesto. But let me say that I have said publicly that I want at least<br />
40% <strong>of</strong> my cabinet to be women. Now in doing so I am not doing the women<br />
a favour, I am only acknowledging the realities on the ground. Women<br />
now are on top <strong>of</strong> everything. They have proved their worth. Those I have<br />
worked with have worked very creditability so I think that this country<br />
will be the better for it if we have women taking up this challenge. I can<br />
assure you that we in the NDC, and Atta Mills in particular, are very much<br />
interested in enhancing the fortunes <strong>of</strong> women; empowering women. So<br />
whatever representation you made to them you can be sure that they have<br />
been taken care <strong>of</strong> in our manifesto.<br />
20
Ernest Owusu Aboagye, Pharmaceutical Society <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>:<br />
The Pharmaceutical Society <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong> believes that industry is critical to<br />
increasing GDP and development. Like you said, a lot <strong>of</strong> the blueprints are<br />
there; the question is implementation.<br />
How do you hope to link trade, finance and industry? Other countries like<br />
India and South Africa have shown that if trade, finance and industry are<br />
brought to support the pharmaceutical industry we can grow our GDP.<br />
Secondly, what is your personal opinion on doctors prescribing and dispensing<br />
and then claiming under the NHIS, since we believe that this practice<br />
is contrary to best practices anywhere in the world? What is your<br />
personal opinion on that?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well I wish I belonged to the medical pr<strong>of</strong>ession, I don’t know about their<br />
ethics <strong>of</strong> prescribing and dispensing. I don’t know their ethics but you<br />
know better than I in this regard. Yes, you were talking about the nexus. I<br />
think that it is important that in coming out with a blueprint, you have to<br />
pay particular attention to the synergies.<br />
If indeed, the pharmaceutical society is going to benefit from this kind <strong>of</strong><br />
service, then I believe that any government should pay particular attention<br />
to this. I mean we’ve had representations from quite a number <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
bodies. I am yet to meet the Pharmaceutical Society. But it is not a<br />
question <strong>of</strong> drawing up a separate plan for them; it will be a question <strong>of</strong><br />
making sure that you integrate whatever they want, into what is in existence,<br />
so that it will work. I believe that it is something which can work;<br />
it can be done. We don’t want ministries working in isolation; we want to<br />
make sure that we integrate the system so that we will be able to derive the<br />
best we can on the investment that we make.<br />
Alice Darkoa Asare-Allotey, President <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong> Registered Nurses<br />
Association:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, an even distribution <strong>of</strong> health workers in the country is very critical<br />
for us to achieve the health related UN millennium development goal.<br />
What will you do to influence health workers to accept postings to the<br />
21
ural areas?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I have had the privilege <strong>of</strong> going round the country many times. When you<br />
go to some <strong>of</strong> their health facilities, there is one thing which stares you in<br />
the face – lack <strong>of</strong> accommodation facilities. You will find that you’ve put<br />
up a clinic or a hospital, but you’ve forgotten to make provision for accommodation<br />
for the medical staff. It is one <strong>of</strong> the major problems why<br />
people don’t want to go to the rural areas. And I believe also that the necessary<br />
incentives must be given to them. Very <strong>of</strong>ten you go into a place<br />
where you don’t have any facilities for your dependants; your children<br />
need to go to school, and there is no school around. I think that these are<br />
practical matters that we need to look at but the one which comes readily<br />
to mind is the fact <strong>of</strong> accommodation facilities. I believe that if we take<br />
a holistic view <strong>of</strong> this situation, we should be able to solve that particular<br />
problem. You cannot satisfy everybody overnight, but at least you can take<br />
important steps towards the solution <strong>of</strong> this particular problem.<br />
The Italian Ambassador to <strong>Ghana</strong>:<br />
Within the international community, <strong>Ghana</strong> is considered as a country<br />
which cares about human rights protection and <strong>Ghana</strong> is being elected<br />
with a very high number, as member <strong>of</strong> the new UN Human Rights Council<br />
in Geneva. But there are some concerns about some aspects <strong>of</strong> the social<br />
lives in <strong>Ghana</strong> especially abuses against some women connected to some<br />
older cultural traditions. I think <strong>of</strong> the so called trokosi, I think <strong>of</strong> female<br />
genital mutilation and other abuses against women. <strong>Ghana</strong> still has in its<br />
legislation, in its Constitution, death penalty even though during the last<br />
15 years no execution took place apart from the one that took place in<br />
1993. So I am interested in learning how in your programme this issue will<br />
be dealt with and what you think about these themes?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I think that nobody should condone human rights abuses, even more so<br />
when they are against women. And in this regard I think we are fortunate<br />
that the women have been vocal enough to point out some <strong>of</strong> these things.<br />
I know that some initiatives have been taken. When I come into <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
what is left over will be tackled because women will have to be accorded<br />
22
their full dignity. We have a lot <strong>of</strong> cultural practices which militate against<br />
women and it will be our responsibility to ensure that these are removed.<br />
There were some initiatives which we took when we were in <strong>of</strong>fice, but I<br />
believe that we could not complete everything. So I think that it is an area<br />
which we will have to look at and together with the women groups we<br />
should be able to take proper initiatives.<br />
Now the second issue about the death penalty. As a President, you are<br />
primus inter-pari, but two heads are better than one. And in some <strong>of</strong> these<br />
things you must get a consensus and then <strong>of</strong> course get some advice. Personally,<br />
I am not opposed to the death penalty; I am not opposed to it<br />
because I believe there are certain crimes for which the death penalty is<br />
appropriate.<br />
But I know there is a revolution against prescribing the death penalty.<br />
And the fact that for so many years we haven’t applied it perhaps shows<br />
that people who are to enforce it have their own reservations about it. But<br />
I think that you look at developments and you also look at the nature <strong>of</strong><br />
crimes, how best are you going to deter crimes. I know that criminologists<br />
are going to come out with all kinds <strong>of</strong> theories whether the death penalty<br />
is going to serve as a deterrent or not. But I think that when you have some<br />
<strong>of</strong> these things in your statutory books, that in itself serves as a deterrent.<br />
That is my personal opinion. But if somebody can convince me to scrap it<br />
from the books, it is something that I will listen to.<br />
Samuel Kwesi Asare, President <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Ghana</strong> Federation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Disabled:<br />
Persons with disability in <strong>Ghana</strong>, by the WHO criterion, constitute 10%<br />
<strong>of</strong> the population. As a Presidential hopeful, what will you do to improve<br />
their living conditions and also help them to participate in the socio-economic<br />
programme?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> . Mills:<br />
This is where our record as a nation has not been very good. The physically<br />
challenged have not been factored in many <strong>of</strong> our programmes. I<br />
know that in the University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>, until very recently, the construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> the halls was such that if you were in a wheelchair it would be very<br />
23
difficult for you to get in; but I know that the position has been rectified. I<br />
think that there is the growing awareness <strong>of</strong> the need for us to make provision<br />
for the physically handicapped. We, as social democrats, believe that<br />
that is a group unto which we have to pay special attention. The State must<br />
make sure that their disability is compensated for by the provision <strong>of</strong> the<br />
necessary facilities. If we have not done so in the past I think that we need<br />
to apologise to them and then be forward-looking in the next government.<br />
Question from Bernard Avleh, Citi FM:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, having been in government for 8 years and having been vice President<br />
for 4 years, what do you consider to be mistakes NDC made, which<br />
you assure <strong>Ghana</strong>ians that you will not repeat?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Life itself is a learning experience; you grow wiser everyday and you learn<br />
from your mistakes. I will say that one mistake I personally made, and I<br />
don’t know whether my colleagues did, was that I was not a good judge <strong>of</strong><br />
human beings. And therefore, those who should have been brought closer<br />
we rather cast away and I think that this is something that we should look<br />
at. We learnt a number <strong>of</strong> lessons; I mean there were things that we could<br />
have done differently.<br />
But let me also tell you that when you are in government and you have<br />
to take certain decisions on the spur <strong>of</strong> the moment, you do not have the<br />
benefit <strong>of</strong> hindsight, and therefore you make mistakes. But let me say that<br />
having been in government and having been outside I am also very careful<br />
about the statements that we make. Yesterday, when I was going home<br />
I had the privilege <strong>of</strong> listening to Kokonsa and he played back some <strong>of</strong><br />
the statements which some <strong>of</strong> our politicians had made in previous years.<br />
When I heard them, I told myself you have to be very careful, yes you<br />
have to be very careful about what you say. Think seriously before you<br />
open your mouth because you will find that things will catch up with you.<br />
So I think that this is a very useful lesson.<br />
And the other important thing is that we may belong to different political<br />
parties but we are not enemies. There are many <strong>of</strong> you who because <strong>of</strong> discrimination<br />
will not even want to be seen with me in broad day light. Some<br />
24
<strong>of</strong> you come to me under cover <strong>of</strong> darkness because you have government<br />
contracts and you want to protect them. I am not a leper. Let’s recognise<br />
that joining political parties is a device for winning political elections.<br />
Once we have finished we should be politically colour blind. We should<br />
be able to dine together. We have a situation when the moment that NPP<br />
came to power, people we have spent money to train, people occupying<br />
positions with knowledge, were all asked to proceed on leave. Atta Mills<br />
will not do that. We will make use <strong>of</strong> the best human resources that we<br />
have in the country and you know political colourisation should not be a<br />
subject. That is something that I have learnt having been in government<br />
and having been in opposition.<br />
Matilda Asante, JOY FM:<br />
I just want to take you on the word that you just said. You said that you<br />
were not a good judge <strong>of</strong> human beings. You want to be President...<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I was not, at that time<br />
Matilda:<br />
So you are, now.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Yes.<br />
Matilda:<br />
Because my question would have been if you still aren’t a good judge <strong>of</strong><br />
persons, how do we trust you to make decisions on the best people to work<br />
on behalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills:<br />
Oh now I am very good at it.<br />
Kwabena Oto, TUC:<br />
I think you are aware about low wages in the country and high inequalities<br />
in the wages structure. Additionally we have various government agencies<br />
and ministries determining their wages and sometimes the government<br />
25
does not even have control over the wage levels.<br />
The NPP government has instituted a reform programme, which is expected<br />
to result in a single spine salary structure and is due for implementation<br />
in January 2009. What is your take on that?<br />
You talked about over-liberalisation <strong>of</strong> our economy. I think some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
things that you can do depends on the decisions that are taken today. On<br />
13th December, 2007, government initialled the so-called Stepping Stone<br />
<strong>Economic</strong> Partnership Agreement, which is supposed to ensure that at<br />
least for a period <strong>of</strong> 15 years there will be no increase in tariffs on European<br />
imported products into our country. And you have already alluded to<br />
the fact that you want increased tariffs on poultry.<br />
What are you going to do about the interim <strong>Economic</strong> Partnership Agreement<br />
which establishes a free trade agreement between <strong>Ghana</strong>, (a vulnerable<br />
developing country), and the most important trading block in the<br />
world, the European Union? What are you going to do about it?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
When we were in power, we introduced the <strong>Ghana</strong> Universal Salary<br />
Scheme, (GUSS) which the NPP promptly dismembered. They promised<br />
that they would put money in people’s pockets and give a living wage.<br />
Well I am happy that at the last May Day rally, after 7 years, President<br />
Kufuor was asking workers to exercise patience. I am also being patient.<br />
We will look at the report on the fair wages and salaries and then act accordingly.<br />
We are not going to say that we are going to reject the report because it<br />
was initiated by the NPP. There must be continuity in government.<br />
You made reference to a pact which they have signed. The problem in this<br />
country is that we tend to belittle the efforts <strong>of</strong> our predecessors. Let’s<br />
acknowledge the good things that they have done and move on. But if we<br />
are going to engage in fault finding it creates a problem for us. Nobody can<br />
reinvent the wheel; you build on the foundations which others have laid.<br />
Unfortunately, it has taken some <strong>of</strong> us too long to realise this simple truth.<br />
26
Harry Williams:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. you spoke extensively on pr<strong>of</strong>ligate expenditures. I know that the<br />
NDC had criticised the NPP government’s decision to purchase two aircrafts.<br />
I want to know what you intend to do with these aircrafts when you<br />
come to power.<br />
What has been your own view on the current spate <strong>of</strong> accidents in this<br />
country?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Sometimes we talk too much. See the experience that we had with a Presidential<br />
jet, which sat on the tarmac for years; it was sold almost as scrap.<br />
Personally, I wouldn’t go in and buy two planes. If we do have a plan, say<br />
a previous government has committed itself and bought a plane and it is<br />
available, and I come as President and decide that I am not going to use<br />
it, am I not causing financial loss? Am I not misusing the resources <strong>of</strong> the<br />
state? I will not have bought it, but it is available.<br />
What I am saying is let’s look forward; we criticise, which we have every<br />
right to do. The final decision rests with the government. We wouldn’t do<br />
it, but it has been done. What do you do? You let it sit on the tarmac for<br />
years only to sell it as scrap? I don’t think that we are being fair to the people<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>. And I will want us to be very, very objective in this.<br />
You know it was the same with the Presidential jet which we bought. They<br />
made so many noises about it. They could not find any illegalities about it<br />
but yet it was left to stand on the tarmac for scrap.<br />
Regarding the spate <strong>of</strong> accidents; sometimes you ask yourself if we intentionally<br />
create the problems for ourselves. I find it difficult to understand<br />
how anybody can construct a road such that it rather creates traffic jams.<br />
I don’t want to mention any particular locations but I know in one case it<br />
can take you as much as 3 hours to go over a distance <strong>of</strong> 2 or 3 km.<br />
Abdul Karim Hakeem, NUGS:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>, coming from the university, you will agree with me that there are lots<br />
<strong>of</strong> blueprints over there, which if implemented, will at least take us from<br />
27
the current scarcity <strong>of</strong> state policies. May I know what pragmatic steps<br />
you will take in integrating the universities into the development agenda<br />
<strong>of</strong> the nation?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I recognise the wealth <strong>of</strong> knowledge that my colleagues have. And I will<br />
tell you some <strong>of</strong> the things that we are saying come directly from them and<br />
therefore I will say that they are contributing a lot to the policies and the<br />
things that we are saying. We will continue to rely on them because many<br />
<strong>of</strong> them have good ideas. We are not relegating them to the background;<br />
we appreciate your worth.<br />
Gloria Ofori Boadu, WABA:<br />
You made mention <strong>of</strong> training more physician assistants and nurses for<br />
hospitals in the regions. How about doctors? We now have a ratio <strong>of</strong><br />
14,000 people to one doctor and the infant mortality rate is high. Maternal<br />
mortality is very high, life expectancy <strong>of</strong> the average <strong>Ghana</strong>ian is below<br />
60 years. How about the medical schools?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
If you looked at the figures on the number <strong>of</strong> doctors that we have trained<br />
over the years you would be amazed. A lot <strong>of</strong> them have found greener<br />
pastures elsewhere. This is another subject altogether. How do we retain<br />
their services? For as long as the conditions which encourage the brain<br />
drain exist, you can train any number <strong>of</strong> doctors but you are not going to<br />
be able to succeed. I wish we had more time to talk about the causes <strong>of</strong> the<br />
brain drain but I am happy that you have drawn our attention to it. It is one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the things that we will have to discuss with the members <strong>of</strong> the medical<br />
association and the medical schools.<br />
Roland Acquah Steven, Radio Gold:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills what, in your estimation, made President Kufuor nominate you<br />
for a national award? Thank you.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I am happy you said President Kufuor nominated me, I didn’t nominate<br />
myself so I believe that he will be the best person to answer that question.<br />
28
Akwasi Sarpong, JOY FM:<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills, my question has to do with internal security. What do you intend<br />
to do about the image <strong>of</strong> the police service and ensuring internal<br />
security.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills:<br />
I believe that in my presentation I made reference to the fact that the police<br />
service needs revival and restoration. I think that I was being rather<br />
diplomatic in that respect. But I believe that it’s an answer to the problem.<br />
How can you restore morale and confidence in the police service? And I<br />
think that there are practical ways <strong>of</strong> doing it. I have been chairman <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Police Council before and I think that we have some fair ideas as to how<br />
that can be achieved.<br />
Concluding Remarks<br />
I have really enjoyed this evening. Nobody has monopoly over wisdom.<br />
Very <strong>of</strong>ten when we are in government there is the tendency to display<br />
arrogance and give people the impression that you know it all. As I said,<br />
I want to introduce learning into the presentation <strong>of</strong> policies so that you<br />
will be able to react effectively. Indeed, I have enjoyed answering the<br />
questions and when you consider the questions you can see where they are<br />
coming from. I pray to God that He will enable me and my colleagues to<br />
be humble enough to face stakeholders and learn from them. Very <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
we dictate to them, but let me say that we do not know any better than anybody.<br />
Any Presidential candidate who gives the impression that he knows<br />
everything is nothing but a charlatan. I think that the mark <strong>of</strong> a leader is to<br />
make the best use <strong>of</strong> the human resources available. If you have a leader<br />
who says that he knows everything, that is a leader who is likely to drive<br />
your vehicle into a ditch. And I think that it is important that we know that.<br />
We have so many talents in this country; we have people with all kinds <strong>of</strong><br />
ideas. They may not belong to your party, but that is <strong>of</strong> no consequence.<br />
I thank you for the opportunity that you have given me to appear before<br />
you. I pray to God that He himself will direct us and His will be done in<br />
our lives.<br />
Thank you.<br />
29
2. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE, ACCRA<br />
(insert picture – to be provided)<br />
Candidate Mills engaging in the Presidential Debate, Accra<br />
Question:<br />
You have each indicated in your manifestoes that you will put money in the<br />
pockets <strong>of</strong> the people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>. This implies creating jobs. What will you<br />
do to create more jobs?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Thank you for the opportunity given to me and my compatriots.<br />
When you talk about jobs, you also have to think about how you are going<br />
to prepare people for the jobs. Training is very important. Helping people<br />
to acquire skills is very important.<br />
The state in this case has a role to play. One <strong>of</strong> the problems bedeviling<br />
our employment creation is the fact that we have a large army <strong>of</strong> unskilled<br />
people. When you take the figures, only 40% <strong>of</strong> our kids who go through<br />
JSS end up in SSS and then at the tertiary institutions. What do we do with<br />
them?<br />
There are very few technical schools, very few vocational schools, no<br />
avenues for apprenticeship and therefore they do not have the skills. I<br />
30
know that it is not the state’s duty to provide the actual jobs. But the state<br />
must create an enabling environment, and within the Constitution it is<br />
very clear that all political parties are to foster an atmosphere to promote<br />
private sector growth.<br />
Now when you come to the productive areas <strong>of</strong> the economy; because the<br />
economy must be such that, it can propel the private sector to produce<br />
jobs, we are being told that agriculture accounts for about 60% <strong>of</strong> the<br />
population workforce. Agriculture in this country has collapsed and the<br />
reasons are not hard to find.<br />
We need the necessary inputs. We need to give them capital. If we take<br />
agriculture seriously we would be serving at least 60% <strong>of</strong> the population.<br />
The private sector is in distress. The business atmosphere is indeed very<br />
unfriendly. Our SMEs and industries have collapsed. They are competing<br />
with cheap and sometimes shoddy imports. We haven’t given them the<br />
necessary capital and there is slow uptake <strong>of</strong> technology. So what we need<br />
to do is to look at the issues facing the industrial sector because when the<br />
private sector is strong it will be able to provide the requisite jobs.<br />
When you talk about jobs you also think about those who have gone up<br />
the educational ladder – there is graduate unemployment. What do you do<br />
about them? We need training, training, and training.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
What are the most critical issues you will tackle regarding un-skilled labour?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
The most important one is the private sector – private sector and agriculture.<br />
The agriculture sector is crying for help and indeed, government<br />
should pay attention to the private sector.<br />
Question:<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong> has found oil in commercial quantities. What will you do to ensure<br />
that the oil money benefits all <strong>Ghana</strong>ians?<br />
31
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
We have the GNPC. The GNPC has a stake in the oil revenues, but at the<br />
end <strong>of</strong> the day it is not the investor who owns the plot <strong>of</strong> land. It is the<br />
people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>. We therefore must get a body which will make sure it<br />
monitors what is going on, gets the companies to account to it for all the<br />
resources so that they will be able to account to the people <strong>of</strong> this country.<br />
We are not going to leave everything in the hands <strong>of</strong> the oil companies;<br />
they must recoup their investments. So even at this stage our government<br />
must be interested in the kind <strong>of</strong> investments that they are making –<br />
whether these investments are <strong>of</strong> such a nature that indeed, when the time<br />
comes we can sit down and allow them to recoup. So this is not the time to<br />
say we have struck oil and then fold up our arms. Let us try and see exactly<br />
what kind <strong>of</strong> investment is being made and whether we will allow these<br />
investments to be recouped here.<br />
Question:<br />
<strong>Economic</strong> growth requires foreign direct investments as well as the promotion<br />
<strong>of</strong> local initiatives. How will you manage foreign investment in<br />
such a way that it does not stifle local initiatives?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Describing an economy <strong>of</strong> a country as strong and buoyant without the involvement<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>ians leaves a lot to be desired. <strong>Ghana</strong> is for <strong>Ghana</strong>ians<br />
and we must look up to <strong>Ghana</strong>ians first. We therefore have to look to our<br />
local entrepreneurs. Are they alright? Do they have the right atmosphere?<br />
Are we giving them the right inputs? If you look at the private sector right<br />
now, it is in distress. They have a lot <strong>of</strong> problems. Their contribution to<br />
GDP is almost nil.<br />
Over the past few years they’ve recorded zero growth. It is good to have<br />
foreign direct investment, yes, but that is to supplement local efforts and<br />
indeed, we have to be very careful given the problems that we now have<br />
with the global financial problems. We are going to find that one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
possible results is that FDI is going to dry up. So I think that FDI should<br />
come only to supplement the efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>ians.<br />
32
Indeed we have cases where there is capital flight; I say that charity begins<br />
at home. Let’s look at our private sector, look at our local entrepreneurs.<br />
There were some who were doing very well years ago. Where are<br />
they now? When you talk about <strong>Ghana</strong>ian economic giants who are they?<br />
I would rather talk about <strong>Ghana</strong>ian economic giants, boast about them,<br />
rather than refer to FDIs whose loyalty to the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian economy may not<br />
always be the kind that we want. They have problems and the problems<br />
are well known. We should tackle them and that is the way to gain confidence,<br />
and mind you FDIs may come when they know that <strong>Ghana</strong>ians<br />
themselves are investing in the economy.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
What are your priority areas regarding the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian entrepreneur?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Industry, Manufacturing, Agriculture. When you come to industry, what<br />
industrial establishments do we have now? These are the sources <strong>of</strong> employment<br />
for a number <strong>of</strong> our people. We are importing everything. When<br />
it comes to agriculture, I made that statement that agriculture has collapsed.<br />
What happened to the poultry industry? How many poultry farmers<br />
can say that they are doing well?<br />
When you look at fishing, we are importing fish into the country. When<br />
you look at livestock, what is happening in these areas? I think that with<br />
manufacturing, we must be able to manufacture, using our local raw materials.<br />
I will therefore place very much emphasis on agriculture. Agro processing<br />
is one area where you can ensure food security and also produce<br />
for export. So it’s a combination <strong>of</strong> factors, but I know <strong>Ghana</strong>ians are<br />
experts in these areas and can be relied upon.<br />
Question:<br />
What strategies do you have for <strong>Ghana</strong>ian industries to benefit from trade<br />
within ECOWAS?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well, I am happy that there is emphasis on leadership, and it is coming<br />
from people who have worked in government for 7 or 8 years. The prob-<br />
33
lem that I see is the mistrust between our leaders. The mistrust <strong>of</strong> our leaders<br />
to sink their differences and seek the common good and interest. We<br />
spend all our time solving conflicts among ourselves and spend time also<br />
creating conflicts among ourselves. I mean look at the leadership in West<br />
Africa, on the surface they are getting on well but if you go beyond the<br />
surface you can see that all is not well.<br />
Not much has been done since 2000 to integrate the sub-region. Mention<br />
was made <strong>of</strong> ECOWAS parliament, convergence criteria, ECOWAS<br />
Court <strong>of</strong> Justice. These things were done in 2000. We decided to fast-track<br />
ECOWAS integration. We were the ones who even initiated the West African<br />
Gas Pipeline. We were prepared to go out and sit down with our colleagues.<br />
What has happened to these?<br />
It is because we just go round, chat with one another, have cocktails; but<br />
nobody wants to give something. You will have to give and take; and it is<br />
because you know leadership only thinks about itself. Even locally, see the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> barriers we erect when it suits us. You get the impression that<br />
some people have a vested interest in all this.<br />
I think that where there is the will, there will be the way. An Atta-Mills’<br />
government, which is interested in getting the people to move in the direction<br />
which will ensure their welfare, will make sure that he will go round<br />
the various leaders and help sink our differences.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
What unique quality will your leadership have such that you will break the<br />
barrier <strong>of</strong> mistrust among West African Presidents?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
You must earn somebody’s trust. I want to go there with an open mind, let<br />
them see by my actions, not by my words, that I mean what I say. We will<br />
act in accordance with the protocols.<br />
We have signed so many protocols, what is holding them back? They know<br />
better than we do but I am telling you that for somebody to trust you, you<br />
must earn the person’s trust. You must show that indeed, you mean exactly<br />
34
what you are saying. That is what many <strong>of</strong> our leaders don’t do; they say<br />
one thing and do another and <strong>of</strong> course when you do that, it is difficult for<br />
people to trust you and cooperate with you.<br />
Question:<br />
What will you do to ensure food security?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Food security merely means availability <strong>of</strong> food for the present and also<br />
provision for the future. And I am happy the question is linked with self<br />
reliance. When the global food crisis arose, I wish the Government had<br />
gone out to support the growers <strong>of</strong> local rice. Instead, we were trying to<br />
take tariffs <strong>of</strong>f imported rice. That tells you the extent to which we are self<br />
reliant.<br />
But what do you do with food security? First <strong>of</strong> all, you must make sure<br />
you produce enough. And how do you produce enough? We’ve told you,<br />
you must modernise agriculture, you must have the right inputs with marketing,<br />
with dams, with the supporting elements in agriculture.<br />
Two, we will have to make sure that what we produce we are able to preserve.<br />
Now what form does the preservation take? Agro-processing; we<br />
are recommending that we have a buffer stock management agency so that<br />
in periods <strong>of</strong> glut they go onto the market to purchase. We want to construct<br />
silos so that the extra can be preserved.<br />
Then we want to look at post-harvest losses. In this area, I believe that<br />
science and technology can play a part. We can use nuclear energy to preserve<br />
the food. But when we talk <strong>of</strong> food it’s not only crops and then fishing,<br />
even though I agree very much with you. You are talking about poultry.<br />
What are we doing about poultry? We may need, as a government, to<br />
encourage people to have large scale plantations <strong>of</strong> maize and soya beans.<br />
So the whole thing is a package that we have to look at and I do agree<br />
with him that we have to grow what we eat. We have a situation where we<br />
are importing everything into this country, all the food crops. How many<br />
people go seriously into agriculture? So agriculture is no longer attractive<br />
35
and we must make it attractive and make it worth the while <strong>of</strong> people to<br />
go into this area.<br />
I think that one <strong>of</strong> the most important things that we will have to do is to<br />
let the farmers know that they are not going to suffer any disadvantage<br />
whether the rains come or not. When there is a glut we will come to their<br />
aid, where there need to be subsidies, there must be subsidies. After all,<br />
our stand during the Doha rounds showed very clearly that we are in favour<br />
<strong>of</strong> government subsidising agriculture. So there is no reason why we<br />
should feel shy about it. Agriculture is the backbone and we must show<br />
this by our actions.<br />
Question:<br />
What will your government do to promote high quality and accessible education?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Quality education can only be achieved if we pay attention to three critical<br />
factors. Number one is the pupil, i.e. the students. Number two the inputs,<br />
i.e. the infrastructure and the third one which people always conveniently<br />
forget is the teacher. Now let’s look at the pupil. If the pupil is in such<br />
circumstances that even getting to school is a problem, if schools are not<br />
accessible, if you go to school and the ro<strong>of</strong> is about to collapse, that needs<br />
to be addressed.<br />
The people must be in a position to go to school. That is why NDC is<br />
saying that when it comes to basic education, if we will have to buy uniforms,<br />
we will buy uniforms. The pupils must have access to education, to<br />
secondary schools. That is why the NDC was able to build 264 secondary<br />
schools.<br />
Access is also a problem. Whenever we talk about sending pupils to<br />
school, we forget that only 40% <strong>of</strong> those who pass SS have access to senior<br />
secondary school. So we must ensure accessibility. Give them the necessary<br />
infrastructure and textbooks. The school feeding programme which<br />
is not a bad thing, I think should be extended to all <strong>of</strong> them. But as far as I<br />
am concerned and being a teacher myself, and we are all here because <strong>of</strong><br />
36
teachers, the teacher is at the centre <strong>of</strong> it all.<br />
The teacher must be well-motivated. We know many <strong>of</strong> us went to so called<br />
“village schools” but the teachers were motivated and prepared to make<br />
sacrifices. But we have a situation where study leave is being restricted;<br />
where teachers do not know how much they are earning; where indeed, in<br />
certain areas allowances haven’t been paid to them. If you have teachers<br />
who are not well-motivated, you are not going to get quality education.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
What will you do regarding the many pupils who leave senior secondary<br />
schools but are not able to enter the universities?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
The issue really is that those who are qualified and can go to the university<br />
must not be denied access to university education. But you are not going to<br />
produce university graduates and leave them without jobs. It is something<br />
that we have to take into consideration. I have always gone for the suggestion<br />
that university education must be so telling to meet the job market so<br />
I believe there is the need for some tinkering.<br />
Question:<br />
What should be the key components <strong>of</strong> an effective and equitable social<br />
security and pension system?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
When a person has worked for the specified period <strong>of</strong> time, I think he is<br />
entitled to go home and be assured <strong>of</strong> a respectable sum <strong>of</strong> money. But we<br />
have a situation right now where we are operating different systems. Some<br />
are operating under the CAP 30, others social security, the university also<br />
has its own scheme.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the irregularities that I find is that especially in the university, people<br />
are paid allowances. Sixty percent <strong>of</strong> their emoluments consist <strong>of</strong> allowances<br />
but these are not taken into consideration when you go on pension.<br />
The result therefore is while you are telling the person that you need<br />
this amount to survive while you are teaching, you are also telling him<br />
37
that once you cease to be a teacher that is the end <strong>of</strong> it – sixty percent is<br />
no longer coming to you. I think that we have to rationalise the pension<br />
scheme and we also encourage leaving the private sector to form their own<br />
pension schemes.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the problems that we are having is that government is employing<br />
two sets <strong>of</strong> workers – one on social security where admittedly the returns<br />
are low and the other on CAP 30, where the returns are higher. We must<br />
make sure that we marry the two. But I think that the pension scheme must<br />
be updated regularly. You have a situation where people peg your pension<br />
at the time when you retire and very little effort is being made to upgrade<br />
it.<br />
And one other thing, it is not even enough giving people respectable pensions.<br />
Those who are on pension will tell you the difficulty that they experience<br />
in even getting their pension payments made. I think that in reforming<br />
the system the mode <strong>of</strong> payment and the regularity <strong>of</strong> payment should<br />
also be taken into consideration.<br />
Question:<br />
The maternal mortality rate in the country is 50 deaths per 1,000 live<br />
births. What will your administration do to reverse this trend?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Where the pregnant woman has access to proper health facilities, I don’t<br />
think there is going to be any problem. What are the causes <strong>of</strong> maternal<br />
mortality? Lack <strong>of</strong> access to health facilities is a big problem especially in<br />
the rural areas. I have been to villages where the roads are so bad, transportation<br />
is almost non-existent, so you ask yourself if somebody falls ill,<br />
how does one get the person to hospital?<br />
And we know also <strong>of</strong> areas where you can go to the hospital and find that<br />
there is no attendant, there is nobody to attend to the pregnant woman.<br />
Now, we also have socio-cultural practices where there are some who do<br />
not even want to go to hospital. They want to deliver at home. So some<br />
education must also be given. While I have no doubt that NHIS, where<br />
all the facilities are present, will help, I think that we are simplifying the<br />
38
issue if we think that NHIS alone is going to solve the matter. It isn’t going<br />
to solve the matter. Let’s look into it, let’s make sure that our pregnant<br />
women have proper facilities and that they have access to these facilities.<br />
Question:<br />
What policy do you have in place to improve the lives and the rights <strong>of</strong><br />
women in <strong>Ghana</strong>?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
The question is on women’s rights and you are going to look at it from<br />
three angles: their social rights, their political rights and their economic<br />
rights. Women have carried us in their wombs and on their backs for ages<br />
and there is no reason why we should discriminate against them. On social<br />
grounds, if there are cultural practices which discriminate against women,<br />
my government will make sure that we fight and uproot these cultural<br />
practices. I mean examples exist in the record books; the intestate succession<br />
law and female mutilation. These are barriers in getting the women<br />
to go to school.<br />
When it comes to political rights the NDC has already announced that<br />
40% <strong>of</strong> ministerial appointments and appointments to public <strong>of</strong>fices will<br />
be reserved for women. This is our aim; 40% <strong>of</strong> DCEs will be women. We<br />
will even set up a fund for women who want to participate in the nonpartisan<br />
district assembly because that is their breeding ground.<br />
When it gets to the economic sector, you know when a woman is working,<br />
children never go hungry. And when you go round it’s the women who<br />
suffer. In the market, about 80% <strong>of</strong> our food distribution is carried out by<br />
women.<br />
So what do you do with the women? In the north for example, women<br />
who go round looking for shea-nut are bitten by snakes, they walk long<br />
distances to fetch water, and then to pick the nuts. So we will help with agriculture,<br />
modernise agriculture, give them the inputs and especially give<br />
them micro-credit so that they will be self sufficient. There should be a<br />
total package for them covering a broad range <strong>of</strong> women’s rights.<br />
Indeed, we agree with the proponents <strong>of</strong> the women’s manifesto that we<br />
39
must recognise women’s equality and then we must also mainstream<br />
women’s affairs. In doing so, I am only emphasising the realities on the<br />
ground. The women these days are leaving the men behind and we have to<br />
recognise this fact. That’s all.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
What will you do about children’s rights?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Children are the future leaders <strong>of</strong> our country and unfortunately sometimes<br />
they can be very defenceless. And so with children somebody has to<br />
stand in locus to them. We must have rules for children. Indeed we must<br />
not leave the bringing up <strong>of</strong> children to only the parents. They are the most<br />
natural people to do so but we must insist on children going to school, providing<br />
them with the necessities <strong>of</strong> life and also making sure that practices<br />
which discriminate against children, like child labour, like people beating<br />
children, corporal punishment for children, using children for the drug<br />
trade, and crime are eliminated. We must make sure that we have proper<br />
measures to ensure that children are not used for activities which in the<br />
end will not be in their own interest.<br />
Question:<br />
What will you do to ensure that there is constant and adequate supply <strong>of</strong><br />
energy in the country for domestic and industrial use?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
We’ve always maintained that the energy crisis could easily have been<br />
avoided. And we took steps when were there. We initiated the West African<br />
Gas Pipeline, we brought in the Osagyefo Barge. The reason that we<br />
had the problem in 1998, the Volta Lake failed us and therefore we thought<br />
<strong>of</strong> alternatives. So we brought in the Osageyfo Barge which can generate<br />
110 mega watts, we brought in the Aboadze Plant which generates 550.<br />
However, if you use the turbine steam it will go up to 660.<br />
So indeed, we felt that we should move away from oil powered energy to<br />
gas fired energy. That is why we initiated the West Africa Gas Pipeline and<br />
we still think that must come to fruition. If it does we should be able to<br />
40
get enough. We’ve already said that we want to move from 1,600 to 5,000.<br />
We are also exploring other opportunities; mini hydro dams on the Pra and<br />
Ankobra Rivers. We are even experimenting with wind energy. As for solar,<br />
we did the experiment quite some time ago and we are going to insist<br />
that traffic lights for example be powered by solar energy.<br />
There is bio-gas also to be exploited. Even tidal wave energy. If you look<br />
at our blueprint and manifesto, we’ve stated everything very clearly. I can<br />
say without any fear <strong>of</strong> contradiction that if the blueprint we left behind<br />
had been followed we would not have had this energy crisis which cost<br />
the private sector about $700 million. So we think that everything is clear.<br />
Atta Mills will not sit and ignore what his predecessors had done in the<br />
handing over notes which contain solutions to future problems.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
Perhaps you could take 15 seconds to make a comment on nuclear energy.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
One has to learn from the experiences <strong>of</strong> others. I was in America when<br />
we had the Three Mile Island incident. I read about Chernobyl and other<br />
areas. I think that nuclear power, if we want to consider it, is something<br />
that we have to study for some time. In Germany they are moving away<br />
from nuclear power. Let’s find out from them what is causing this. There<br />
are other safer methods, so I will say that for now let it just be on the bed.<br />
When we are satisfied ourselves we will know what decision to take.<br />
Question:<br />
There have been several areas <strong>of</strong> conflicts in the country in recent times.<br />
There has also been an increase in violent crimes. How will you ensure<br />
security and law and order throughout the country so that every citizen<br />
can go to sleep feeling safe?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well, we talk about conflicts, law and order, etc. What are the causes?<br />
When it comes to conflict there are many causes. First, when people feel<br />
that they are not getting justice. Number two, where the people who are<br />
supposed to be arbiters are themselves taking sides, where you have mar-<br />
41
ginalisation and polarisation. Four, where people who are supposed to enforce<br />
the law are either incapable or unwilling to enforce it. Where indeed<br />
there is also political victimisation you have this kind <strong>of</strong> problem.<br />
Now when it comes to crime, we all agree that crime has to be brought<br />
under control. How prepared are the law enforcing agencies? But where<br />
you have situations where people act and then the law enforcing agencies<br />
are not seen to be fair, people can flout the law with impunity; it’s going to<br />
be very difficult for you to control crime.<br />
Talking about corruption or drugs, I am really surprised because when it<br />
comes to the drug trade yes, it is a very serious matter and it is something<br />
that we will have to fight and uproot. But here sometimes, you feel that<br />
there is complicity, you feel that people are incapable or unwilling. People<br />
look at what is happening on the scene and they say, well, why can’t I do<br />
the same?<br />
So we have a situation where we must make sure that the law-enforcing<br />
agencies are doing their work and the leadership must be seen to be playing<br />
its role. If you are an arbiter or a leader, you wash your hands <strong>of</strong>f; you<br />
stay alo<strong>of</strong> so that people will have confidence in your ability to intervene.<br />
Concluding Messages<br />
Fellow country men and women, thank you for listening to us for the past<br />
two to three hours. I am here because I want an opportunity to serve the<br />
people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>, to have a better <strong>Ghana</strong> where we invest in people, where<br />
we give people jobs, where we see to people’s education and health.<br />
This country <strong>of</strong> ours is polarised. There is so much marginalisation, we<br />
are moving in the wrong direction. Many people are calling for change.<br />
Our country is in distress. I support this move because the NDC believes<br />
in social democracy. We pay specific attention to the marginalised, the vulnerable,<br />
and we believe that leadership is what matters. You need someone<br />
who is sincere, someone who is honest, who is transparent and who believes<br />
that there can always be improvement.<br />
42
As a young lecturer I used to think that I was the best until I realised from<br />
the students I was teaching that, even though they were not as educated as<br />
I was because I had gone through the motions, they were more intelligent<br />
than I was, so I realise that I should never describe myself in absolute<br />
terms as the best, there are better people.<br />
I want an opportunity to serve the people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong> to unite us. Atta Mills<br />
as President is not going to be President for NDC alone. I will be President<br />
for every <strong>Ghana</strong>ian. Whenever the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian has to be helped, whenever<br />
the <strong>Ghana</strong>ian needs the assistance <strong>of</strong> the state, I will do so without any<br />
consideration <strong>of</strong> political, social or religious affiliation. We need to see<br />
ourselves as one people. There is a lot that needs to be done. We need to<br />
tell our people the truth. Sometimes we think that by repeating an untruth<br />
it becomes the truth. It doesn’t. By changing the label on the bottle, it does<br />
not necessarily change the contents <strong>of</strong> the bottle. I believe therefore that<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong>ians will give me an opportunity to serve.<br />
But lastly, let me say that it’s God who installs kings and we must not in<br />
this election do anything that is going to cause violence or indeed, spill<br />
blood. If you do that, if power is tainted, we are not going to get God’s<br />
blessing. Let all <strong>of</strong> us pledge to do what will move <strong>Ghana</strong> in the good direction.<br />
May God bless our homeland <strong>Ghana</strong>.<br />
43
3. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE, TAMALE<br />
Candidate Mills engaging in the Presidential Debate, Tamale<br />
Question:<br />
Good governance depends on sound constitutional provisions. After sixteen<br />
years operating the present Constitution, is there any aspect <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Constitution which needs to be reformed so as to impact positively on the<br />
lives <strong>of</strong> the ordinary <strong>Ghana</strong>ian?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Once again I would like to add my voice to the words uttered by my colleagues.<br />
I thank the Good Lord for making it possible for us to be here<br />
today and I wish my colleagues all the best <strong>of</strong> luck.<br />
After 16 years one has to take a look at the Constitution. Clearly, changes<br />
have come and there is the need for us to take a fresh look at the Constitution.<br />
What needs to be done?<br />
One area is with the Vice Presidency. If I talk about it one should not be<br />
surprised. Keys issues include the following:<br />
• Where the Vice President has a problem with the President what<br />
happens?<br />
44
• We look at the judiciary - is there going to be an upper limit to the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> judges to the Supreme Court?<br />
• You look at decentralisation, how effective it is?<br />
• How can we make the people decide their own fate and destiny?<br />
• Now, there is also the question <strong>of</strong> Members <strong>of</strong> Parliament, should<br />
they be ministers? Can they combine it effectively?<br />
• What are we doing about Parliament, to strengthen Parliament<br />
itself, the appropriation to Parliament; the help for Parliament?<br />
These are all areas that we need to look at. We need to look at the powers<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Executive.<br />
• Do they lead to exclusion?<br />
• Is all power concentrated in the hands <strong>of</strong> the Executive?<br />
• Do people think that it’s a winner takes all affair?<br />
These are areas that we need to look at. But let me say that it is for the<br />
people to decide. Views must be sought and collated, and at the end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
day we must take decisions which will make it possible for us to move this<br />
country forward, to learn from the mistakes <strong>of</strong> the past and improve the<br />
Constitution as we go along. In other jurisdictions it’s done regularly and<br />
we should be able to do it too.<br />
Question:<br />
The district assemblies are supposed to be responsible for developmental<br />
and social issues at the local level. What measures would you introduce<br />
to deepen decentralisation <strong>of</strong> government in <strong>Ghana</strong> so that we have not<br />
just decentralisation for decentralisation’s sake but decentralisation that<br />
brings real benefit to the people?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
It is important that decentralisation brings power to the people. And first<br />
<strong>of</strong> all, you have to look at the demarcation exercise. Which areas will the<br />
decentralisation cover? Some things have been done in the past which<br />
have not been really effective. But you want to make sure that people have<br />
a voice in the way they are ruled, one <strong>of</strong> the things that you need to do is to<br />
45
ensure that the District Assemblies account regularly to the people.<br />
Before and after sittings, they must engage the people, explain policies to<br />
them. The Broadcasting Code has to be amended so the local FM stations<br />
can broadcast the decisions and the policies <strong>of</strong> the District Assemblies.<br />
You need to give them revenue. There are certain activities which can<br />
be decentralised – like passport applications, company registrations. You<br />
need to beef up the manpower <strong>of</strong> the district assemblies. We must encourage<br />
graduates to work there, look at their manpower requirements.<br />
When it comes to revenue, the guidelines issued by the Local Government<br />
Ministry on the use <strong>of</strong> the District Assemblies’ Common Fund must be<br />
abolished. They must be given the leeway to decide how they are going to<br />
use the revenue.<br />
We must also find them some other areas <strong>of</strong> revenue. You also have to<br />
decentralise certain departments – health, education, among others. There<br />
must also be participating in the budget, so that the people at the grassroots<br />
can decide what they want, and also drag down releases to them. We must<br />
ensure that the District Assemblies are accountable.<br />
As to the election <strong>of</strong> the DCE, I have my own views about that. You have<br />
to talk about compatibility and fidelity and I believe that the Central Government,<br />
which is partisan, needs somebody to liaise between it and the<br />
non-partisan district assembly.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
You have each spoken <strong>of</strong> election at the district level, including assembly<br />
members as well as the District Chief Executive. At the moment, election<br />
<strong>of</strong> assembly members is supposed to be on a non-partisan basis. Would<br />
you want this to continue or would you rather elections were held on partisan<br />
basis?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I think that candour in politics is very important. You want people with<br />
the right ability, with the right expertise, to represent them. I believe that<br />
the idea behind the non-partisan nature at the very beginning was to try<br />
and get people who otherwise would not stand, to serve. But I agree with<br />
46
Dr. Nduom that the time has come when we have to take the bull by the<br />
horns. We have to agree that what is happening is in fact something like a<br />
smokescreen.<br />
Parties are sponsoring candidates and therefore, I think that we should<br />
throw it open, but at the same time a certain portion can be reserved as<br />
is being done, for the infusion <strong>of</strong> expertise, the marginalised etc, so that<br />
they can also be appointed. A mix <strong>of</strong> the two, I believe, will ensure that<br />
we get the right collection <strong>of</strong> people who will represent the people at the<br />
grassroots.<br />
Question:<br />
Notwithstanding the existing institutional and legislative measures to fight<br />
corruption, there is still a persistent concern that corruption is rife in our<br />
political and public life. What further measures would you institute to deal<br />
with this problem?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
The first step towards the solution <strong>of</strong> a problem is the admission or acknowledgement<br />
that it exists. Let’s all admit corruption is rife in our country.<br />
What do we do? Now leadership has a lot to do with it. As President I<br />
will lead the fight against corruption. I will not allow any <strong>of</strong> my ministers,<br />
my party faithfuls or cronies who are involved in corruption to go scotfree.<br />
I will let the law take its course.<br />
We have institutions which are supposed to deal with corruption. Are they<br />
well resourced? Do they have their independence? Are they able to prosecute<br />
after they have come out with their reports? We should give them<br />
the wherewithal to be able to do this. You know, with corruption you must<br />
be seen to be biting and not only barking. Example is very important in<br />
this respect. And as President I will lead the crusade against corruption,<br />
because corruption has very harmful effects. It retracts from the economic<br />
achievements that we want to make. I think that it is the responsibility <strong>of</strong><br />
those at the top to set a good example.<br />
47
Question:<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong>’s assets regime is perceived as a farce. What measures will you<br />
take to raise public confidence in the assets declaration process?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Assets declaration, I believe, is quite important. But what end does it<br />
serve? I agree that assets declaration must be publicised; but first <strong>of</strong> all<br />
we must even verify that the declaration is true. You cannot just list any<br />
assets hoping that when you go into <strong>of</strong>fice you will acquire them. Number<br />
two, at the end <strong>of</strong> the period, you must file your asset declaration form and<br />
again the verification should be done. There was a time when the assets<br />
declaration covered spouses. I will not limit it to spouses, there are surrogates;<br />
there are people who are close enough who also acquire assets on<br />
behalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice holders.<br />
I believe that we should be able to broaden this out. How practical this will<br />
be is another matter. But on the issue <strong>of</strong> corruption, I believe that I speak<br />
for a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>ians when I say that corruption is really breaking<br />
our society. We have this framework that we are all talking about. Clearly,<br />
it is not working; it is not working because people get away with corruption.<br />
People can take money with impunity. The right signals are not being<br />
sent down.<br />
So I think that we must show that we are serious about corruption. When<br />
people are flaunting their obscene wealth, nobody raises an eyebrow. We<br />
should be able to say, “look, enough is enough”. Our people know what<br />
is happening, they know; they’ve been victims <strong>of</strong> corruption. Leadership<br />
must crack the whip, crack the whip, crack the whip and that is the only<br />
way that we are going to get over the problem.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
I see that none <strong>of</strong> you has a problem with publicly declaring your assets.<br />
Would each <strong>of</strong> you be confident enough to tell us for instance how many<br />
homes you have?<br />
48
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I have two. I would have been happier if you had asked about the nature<br />
<strong>of</strong> the house.<br />
Question:<br />
What specific measures would you put in place to transform the rural environment<br />
and improve the quality <strong>of</strong> life there?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
If you’ve travelled around the countryside as I have, you will see very<br />
clearly that there is the need for us to do something. Water is a very rare<br />
commodity. The <strong>Ghana</strong> Water and Sanitation Agency obviously has problems.<br />
The 5% requirement before they produce or give you this facility<br />
has to be looked at.<br />
Number two, Health. How many <strong>of</strong> them have access to health facilities?<br />
You go to health posts and there are no nurses there; you have no doctors<br />
there. That is one area. You may have NHIS but NHIS only deals with the<br />
cost when you get medical treatment.<br />
Number three, education. You go round the countryside, the rural areas,<br />
people are walking for miles; accessibility is a problem. Even when they<br />
go to school, the schools’ structures are such that you wouldn’t want your<br />
kids to be there. Then the teachers; nobody cares about the teachers, so<br />
you go to empty classrooms.<br />
Now the mainstay is agriculture. How have we helped to develop it? In<br />
the north you see women walking miles to pick shea-nut, bitten by snakes.<br />
Can’t we give them donkey carts? Can’t we help them to process the sheanut<br />
that we have? You go to the rural areas it is agriculture. Are we modernising<br />
agriculture for them? Are we helping them with water, harvesting,<br />
with dams, with irrigation? Are we giving them the inputs? When they<br />
finish do we give them access to the markets? Construction <strong>of</strong> feeder roads<br />
is very important. We need to maintain the feeder roads regularly and we<br />
need to ensure that District Assemblies spend money on the rural areas to<br />
prevent the rural-urban migration.<br />
49
Question:<br />
Waste disposal and management are major problems all over the country.<br />
If you looked at the 2000 Population and Housing Census you would be<br />
shocked that between 40-80% <strong>of</strong> the population use free range for disposal<br />
<strong>of</strong> solid waste. What solutions will the government under your leadership<br />
provide to deal with waste disposal, not only just waste disposal but<br />
management <strong>of</strong> waste?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
It is quite clear that government has abandoned its responsibility and this<br />
has been relegated into the laps <strong>of</strong> the Municipal Assemblies and District<br />
Assemblies. But Government must take control <strong>of</strong> the situation. When it<br />
comes to waste management, everywhere you need the right kind <strong>of</strong> expertise.<br />
I will make sure I put together a team which will look at the waste<br />
management problems in our country. If it has to be decentralised as is<br />
being done, who is supervising it?<br />
You go to Accra and those who are in charge <strong>of</strong> waste management complain<br />
that they are not being paid. If you look at the rural areas the Water<br />
and Sanitation Agency doesn’t have enough funds. The District Assemblies<br />
are not budgeting enough and it is only because nobody is looking<br />
over their shoulder. In those days, you know ten, fifteen years ago, you<br />
can even refer to the colonial times; there were people who went round to<br />
ensure that the sanitation rules were enforced.<br />
I will say that I will personally ensure that we have a waste management<br />
unit, which will go round and make sure that it has the right kind <strong>of</strong> expertise.<br />
If you decide that you were going to relegate it to the Municipal<br />
Assemblies or District Assemblies, there must be proper supervision.<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Science and Technology has expertise in this exercise. To<br />
what extent have we really involved them with biogas, and all those things?<br />
I think that this is the opportunity for us to make use <strong>of</strong> the expertise that<br />
we have in this country. And let us also enforce the laws. If we don’t enforce<br />
the laws people are going to break the sanitation rules with impunity.<br />
50
Question:<br />
According to the 2000 Population and Housing Census and subsequent<br />
Agric Report the three Northern Regions remain the poorest in the country.<br />
What are your plans to address this unacceptable situation?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I won’t go for any fanciful ideas. I will do what is practical.<br />
School feeding is free in these schools but sometimes the schools are<br />
closed down for a very long time because the grants are not coming. I<br />
will make sure I give them the grants. UDS has problems; we will have to<br />
solve the UDS problems, the Tamale Hospital will have to be upgraded to<br />
a Teaching Hospital, UDS must be given proper funding.<br />
The three northern regions depend very much on agriculture. Instead <strong>of</strong><br />
importing rice we could very well make the northern region the granary.<br />
It used to be the case sometime ago. What they need is very little – water-harvesting,<br />
giving them the necessary inputs. Cotton industry has collapsed.<br />
With the shea nut industry, the women have a lot <strong>of</strong> problems. We<br />
will have to process the shea nut.<br />
We have to open up the country. Coming to the Northern Region is not<br />
easy. The eastern corridor, the western corridor, the central corridor and<br />
even from Tamale up to Tumu, we have to open up the country. When we<br />
do this, we will find that people will come in and will invest in these areas.<br />
But unless we do that we’re going to have a big problem on our hands.<br />
There are many areas which do not have electricity. Electricity must be<br />
extended there. For those who have water problems, those problems must<br />
be solved. I will make sure that effort is made to get a separate authority<br />
which is going to look at the development <strong>of</strong> the northern regions. They<br />
have enough potential already. It is only a question <strong>of</strong> harnessing the potential<br />
that they have and concentrate on making the things work.<br />
Question:<br />
Urban planning is chaotic in this country, whilst in the rural areas, erosion<br />
and other environmental factors are destroying the homes <strong>of</strong> our vil-<br />
51
lagers. What is your party’s position on planned urban and rural housing?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
It is quite clear that the system is not working and we cannot take any half<br />
hearted measures. I will first <strong>of</strong> all set up a National Human Settlement<br />
Commission that is going to look at the whole issue <strong>of</strong> urban renewal;<br />
two; slum prevention and upgrading, three, rural development. Now you<br />
need experts to able to do this. We have the science and technology but<br />
you need a whole mix <strong>of</strong> people. You must also ensure that the laws are<br />
working. Our town and country laws are no longer working. People build<br />
anyhow. They site buildings in places which are clearly prohibited by law<br />
but nobody does anything. So we are going to look at urban renewal, slum<br />
prevention.<br />
Clearly, if you go to our cities the slum areas are getting bigger and bigger<br />
because no physical planning is being done; nobody is insisting that the<br />
law be upheld, no physical planners are being consulted even before all<br />
these things are done and sometimes people who should know better are<br />
the worst <strong>of</strong>fenders.<br />
Take traffic in Accra. You ask yourself, “where are we going?” You have<br />
a situation where along the Tetteh Quarshie Interchange there is a shopping<br />
mall. It complicates the problem. You ask yourself don’t we have<br />
any physical planners? Don’t we have any town and country planning?<br />
When it comes to the rural areas, District Assemblies should play a very<br />
important role. The problem is that their physical planning departments<br />
are non-existent. I will get in touch with Tech to train more <strong>of</strong> these physical<br />
planners so that they can help with rural rehabilitation, with the houses<br />
which are affected by erosion. I believe that something can be done with<br />
proper planning.<br />
Follow up question:<br />
I am sure you all have in your manifestoes to provide affordable housing<br />
to the population. But I think affordable housing has become a cliché. In<br />
<strong>Ghana</strong> Cedi terms what is your definition <strong>of</strong> an affordable house?<br />
52
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I will say that affordable is the kind <strong>of</strong> housing which any ordinary person<br />
will be able to pay for completely over a 4 year period, using his incomes<br />
and other circumstances.<br />
Question:<br />
The last 4 questions we asked dealt with the environment, housing planning;<br />
all these questions you dealt with require massive application <strong>of</strong><br />
scientific and technological know-how. At the moment there is a perception<br />
that science and technology is not receiving the sort <strong>of</strong> attention that<br />
it requires in this country.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well Atta-Mills and the NDC will first and foremost re-establish the Ministry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Science and Technology. Two, we are going to ensure that at the<br />
JSS-SSS levels the emphasis is on science. We will encourage science<br />
learning. We are going to revive the Science Resource Centres that we<br />
set up in the secondary schools and which have been allowed to go into<br />
disuse.<br />
At the university level, we are going to give scholarships to students who<br />
study science. Teachers <strong>of</strong> science are going to be given special incentives.<br />
We are going to devote 2% <strong>of</strong> the GETFUND to research for science and<br />
we are also going to have 2 science and technology theme parks for the<br />
nation - one sited on the Aburi Mountain, the other one in Cape Coast and<br />
link the various universities to these science parks.<br />
We therefore want to ensure that science takes its pride <strong>of</strong> place and that<br />
the emphasis is on science. We will encourage research and draw a close<br />
relationship between the scientist and business so that they will know the<br />
direction science should take our economy. I think that it’s an integrated<br />
packet and I think that at the end <strong>of</strong> the day we will see science flourish.<br />
We are not going to sweep science under the carpet. We are going to give<br />
it a pride <strong>of</strong> place.<br />
53
Question:<br />
Oil exploration and exploitation are always associated with environmental<br />
problems. Now we look at the Western Region, for instance, which faces<br />
seasonal problems from what we call algae-bloom. This is attributed to<br />
<strong>of</strong>f-shore oil exploration activities in Cote D’Ivoire. These environmental<br />
problems affect fishing activities in the region. How do you plan to tackle<br />
the environmental problems associated with oil exploration?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Atta-Mills and NDC believe that politics is about people; pure and simple,<br />
the welfare <strong>of</strong> the people. How can you create wealth and prosperity for<br />
all? If the oil which has been discovered is not going to inure to the interest<br />
<strong>of</strong> our people then we better think twice. We have had the examples<br />
in this country which do not give some <strong>of</strong> us cause to rejoice. Look at our<br />
fishermen, they are complaining that trawlers are running into their nets<br />
destroying their canoes, and nobody is doing anything. We are told that<br />
those who should patrol our seas do not have the resources. Are we sure<br />
that we are going to be able to do this with the oil areas?<br />
Look at mining, many <strong>of</strong> the mining towns or communities have complained<br />
about the environmental problems. Have those who are charged<br />
with monitoring done their job? I believe that on the books we have very<br />
good environmental laws but they must be enforced. And in this regard,<br />
especially with the oil exploration, we should involve the communities.<br />
The communities must know their rights, their responsibilities. We won’t<br />
sit down until they are completely destroyed before we try and crack the<br />
whip. We should be able to sit down with the oil companies, the communities<br />
and then apportion their various responsibilities for them. If at the<br />
end <strong>of</strong> the day you get all the money in the world but environmentally our<br />
people are destroyed, what good is the money? Human beings must come<br />
first and we’ll ensure that the Environmental Protection Agency does the<br />
monitoring and that the proper laws are effected for the benefit <strong>of</strong> our people<br />
who really must enjoy the prosperity <strong>of</strong> the nation and who should be<br />
the priority concern <strong>of</strong> Atta-Mills as President.<br />
54
Question:<br />
You have each touched on issues <strong>of</strong> conflict resolution. What practical<br />
steps would you take to resolve the conflicts that plague certain parts <strong>of</strong><br />
the country.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Leadership must be interested in resolving these conflicts. The leader must<br />
himself be seen to be a peacemaker. Who is a peacemaker? Somebody<br />
who is impartial; somebody who wants, genuinely, to bring sides together.<br />
If the peacemaker is seen to be an interested party it is difficult to resolve<br />
the confusion.<br />
Many <strong>of</strong> these conflicts centre on chieftaincy. According to our Constitution,<br />
it’s not for Government to dabble in chieftaincy. We have the proper<br />
institutions.<br />
Connected with this is the element <strong>of</strong> criminality; if people do not feel that<br />
justice is being done it will be difficult to resolve the conflict. So where<br />
you have problems connected with chieftaincy and crimes have been committed,<br />
separate the two and then punish people for the crimes which have<br />
been committed.<br />
Number three, when you investigate and realise that this is what has happened,<br />
go ahead and make sure that you prosecute. You send a signal that<br />
wrong doers will be punished you are not going to tolerate any breaches<br />
<strong>of</strong> the law. You know, perception is very, very important. When people<br />
know that your word is your bond, and that you don’t say one thing and do<br />
another they are likely to come to terms. But where indeed you will find<br />
that there are underlying factors where trust is not there, where trust is betrayed,<br />
where people have lost confidence in the ability <strong>of</strong> the peacemaker<br />
to bring them together, these conflicts will not be resolved. Poverty is one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the causes but if you look at the conflicts that we currently have, yes<br />
poverty applies to everybody but not all the areas have conflicts. In certain<br />
cases you will find that there are issues which are not coming out clearly<br />
and not been resolved.<br />
55
Question:<br />
Drug trafficking and abuse have become such a problem that they are<br />
affecting the integrity <strong>of</strong> our security forces. How will your government<br />
bring the situation under control?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
When you have a problem and you really want to solve it, admit that it<br />
exists. Now <strong>Ghana</strong> is not only a transit point but unfortunately drug use is<br />
beginning to gain root in this country. I will make sure that I resource the<br />
drug enforcement agencies to enable them do their work; I will give them<br />
the independence that they require. There will be no interference. If any<br />
<strong>of</strong> my ministers, any <strong>of</strong> my party faithfuls, any cronies, are found to be<br />
involved in any drug trade I will make sure that the law takes its course.<br />
The UN has many Conventions on how to deal with the narcotic trade. We<br />
will apply these to the letter.<br />
Unfortunately, one gets the impression that somewhere along the line there<br />
is complicity. Let’s face it because some times when you expect action<br />
to be taken the action is not forthcoming. As President, I will make sure<br />
that anyone who is supposed to enforce the law but doesn’t do it will be<br />
disciplined. You must send the right signals. You also need international<br />
cooperation. I am happy that recently we brought in some people to help<br />
but to what extent have we cooperated with these people who have come<br />
from abroad? We are still having problems <strong>of</strong> this nature. Let us let the<br />
whole world know that we have this problem. And let us make sure that<br />
we discipline people.<br />
Question:<br />
There is a perception that the nation is over emphasising football at the<br />
expense <strong>of</strong> the other sports in which we have excelled in the past. Let’s<br />
take for example athletics. I remember a gentleman called Stanley Allotey.<br />
He held the Commonwealth 100 and 200 meters record for 10 years. Who<br />
remembers him now? The Ohene Karikaris have come and gone.<br />
Let us take hockey, we went to the world cup twice before we ever made<br />
it to the world cup in football. Boxing, table tennis, who remembers the<br />
Quaye brothers; E.A. Quaye and Okine Quaye. We’ve excelled before.<br />
56
There is the perception that we are over-emphasising football. What will<br />
you do to end the neglect <strong>of</strong> the other sports?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well let me say quickly that I played with Nana Addo. He was a good<br />
midfielder. But you are going to have a President Atta-Mills who is not<br />
only going to be interested in sports, but who’s been a player and administrator.<br />
Government is just taking advantage <strong>of</strong> the investments that people<br />
have made in football. There are people who are spending big money<br />
on football. The teams are flourishing because people are bending over<br />
backwards pumping in money. Now if you want sports to progress you<br />
need to catch them young; you have to train them. How did some <strong>of</strong> us get<br />
involved? The facilities were there. It’s a pity that now schools’ sports are<br />
gone, no competitions are held. Atta-Mills will introduce sports back into<br />
the curriculum.<br />
We’re going to grant scholarships to performers at the secondary and university<br />
levels. We are going to have national sports festivals. We are going<br />
to make sure that the facilities are there. If some <strong>of</strong> us had not stood up<br />
where we now have the hockey pitch, they were going to build there. Now<br />
people are building in every empty space. Without facilities and without<br />
investment you cannot do anything about sports. Government should invest<br />
in facilities and those who are prepared to help sports develop must<br />
be given recognition and incentives and the sportsmen themselves should<br />
occasionally be acknowledged as sportsmen. When you get this acknowledgement<br />
you feel that you should die even more for your country. You<br />
don’t wait until people had struggled on their own and then give them<br />
honours.<br />
So let’s concentrate on the schools, let’s catch them young. There are<br />
certain disciplines you cannot learn when you are old. You have to start<br />
young. So schools’ sports should be emphasised. Once you do that you go<br />
all the way up. But Nana, well done. You gave me some satisfaction as my<br />
midfielder.<br />
57
Follow up question:<br />
But Pr<strong>of</strong> Mills, I’m surprised. Were you not in the world cup hockey team?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
No, at the time I had left the country, but my colleagues were in the team.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Addae-Mensah:<br />
Because I used to face you in the goal.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Well, you know what it means is that you can aspire to the highest; be a<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essor and still be a first class sportsman. And these are living examples.<br />
It doesn’t mean that it’s only those who are dumb who go into sports,<br />
no. Sports indeed sharpen your intellect and if you want healthy and intelligent<br />
students, combine it with sports.<br />
Question:<br />
There seem to be quite a number <strong>of</strong> similarities running through the positions<br />
you have advanced and how you want to do things. What are the<br />
main differences between all the positions you have advanced or what you<br />
stand for?<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
I believe that with experience one should know the problems facing this<br />
nation. I mean, no ingenuity is required to find out the basic problems.<br />
What makes the difference is the kind <strong>of</strong> leadership that one brings to the<br />
table. A leadership that is going to tell the truth, a leadership that is going<br />
to <strong>of</strong>fer inspiration and is not the kind <strong>of</strong> leadership that is going to be a<br />
one man show. I have been in government before and I know that you need<br />
a cadre <strong>of</strong> dedicated, knowledgeable and committed people to work with;<br />
people who share your objectives and who know that the most important<br />
thing is the prosperity <strong>of</strong> the people, the welfare <strong>of</strong> the people.<br />
Concluding Message<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mills:<br />
Thank you, people <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ghana</strong>; for giving me the opportunity to share ideas<br />
58
with you. You may have heard our discussion, the questions which were<br />
posed. Our answers point clearly to one thing: that all is not well. We have<br />
problems with corruption, drug abuse, the non-development <strong>of</strong> the northern<br />
sector; indeed there is no question which referred to a situation in the<br />
past. They were all current situations. It tells you therefore that there is no<br />
point in moving forward into this kind <strong>of</strong> mess. We have to move in a different<br />
direction. I am proud <strong>of</strong> my association with the government which<br />
achieved so much.<br />
And I don’t think that anyone here can disclaim responsibility for attachment<br />
to any government. It is about leadership, and personal qualities. I,<br />
Atta-Mills, want to lead a country which will honour the truth, I want to<br />
lead a country which will focus on the welfare <strong>of</strong> the ordinary people,<br />
which will share the wealth <strong>of</strong> the country equitably, which will see to the<br />
general development <strong>of</strong> the country; a country which will be transparent<br />
where the leader’s yes is yes and his no is no. We want a country which<br />
is united; at the moment we are divided as a country, we are polarised as<br />
a nation. The welfare <strong>of</strong> the people has been relegated to the background.<br />
Politics is about human beings and politics is about sincerity. I Atta-Mills<br />
will not make a promise to you which I know that we cannot fulfill, God<br />
willing. I will not make a promise just because I want you to vote for me.<br />
I want to make a promise which I know that we can fulfill.<br />
At the end <strong>of</strong> the day judge me by the achievements, judge me by the extent<br />
to which I have taken your concerns to heart, judge me by the extent<br />
to which I have shown sincerity, honesty and transparency. Judge me by<br />
the extent to which I have brought corruption under control, the rule <strong>of</strong><br />
law has been properly interpreted, where I have brought an end to selective<br />
justice where every <strong>Ghana</strong>ian can walk proudly that indeed this is my<br />
country.<br />
My brothers and sisters, the elections are around the corner. Let’s all pledge<br />
in all sincerity that we are going to organise this elections in truth, we are<br />
going to abide by the laws. All those who are connected, especially we the<br />
leaders, have an onerous responsibility. <strong>Ghana</strong>ians deserve only one thing<br />
from us – peace and only we can ensure that the peace is given. Thank you.<br />
59
INDEX OF ISSUES<br />
agriculture, 5,6 11, 12, 18, 31,33, 35, renewable, 9<br />
36, 39, 49, 51 foreign relations<br />
climate change, 6 ECOWAS, 33, 34<br />
food security, 33, 35 gender, 3, 10, 19, 20<br />
poultry, 6, 26, 33, 35<br />
global economic crisis,3<br />
water, 11 good governance, 3, 44<br />
conflict resolution, 54 health, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 19, 21, 22, 38,<br />
Constitution, 7, 22, 31, 44, 45, 55 42, 46, 49, 58,<br />
corruption, 3, 9, 13, 17, 42, 47, 48, 58, maternal mortality, 28, 38<br />
59 mental health, 12, 13<br />
crime, 1, 4, 17, 23, 40, 41, 42, 55 training <strong>of</strong> personnel, 8<br />
drug trafficking, 55 housing, 51, 52, 53<br />
police service, 29 human rights, 22<br />
decentralisation, 29, 45 death penalty, 22<br />
development, 2, 5, 13, 16, 21, 23, 28, industry<br />
45, 51, 52, 58, 59 aluminium, 8<br />
economy, 2, 5, 9, 16, 17, 26, 31, 32, fishing, 33<br />
33, 53 mining, 54<br />
employment, 17, 30, 31, oil, 8, 9, 31, 32, 40, 53, 54,<br />
foreign investment, 32 pharmaceuticals, 21<br />
regional disparity, 50, 51 poultry, 33<br />
savings, 17, 18, 19 private sector development, 13, 33,<br />
wages, 16 38, 41<br />
education, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, infrastructure, 5, 11, 17, 36<br />
31, 36, 37, 38, 46, 49 persons with a disability, 23, 24<br />
access, 7 public financial management, 26<br />
languages, 14, 15 single spine salary structure, 26<br />
school feeding programme, 7, 18, asset declaration, 48<br />
36, 51 social security, 37, 38<br />
science, 8, 53 sport, 56, 57<br />
energy, 8, 9 , 17, 35, 40, 41, tax, 5<br />
nuclear, 35, 41 waste management, 50<br />
60
THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS<br />
IEA<br />
GHANA<br />
The <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Affairs</strong>, A Public Policy <strong>Institute</strong><br />
P.O. Box OS1936, Osu, Accra, <strong>Ghana</strong>. Tel:+233-302244716 / 0307010714<br />
Fax:+233-302- 222313. Email:iea@ieagh.org.<br />
Website: www.ieagh.org