CONFLICTING LAWS AND PARADIGMS: THE CASE OF HULUGA HERITAGE SITE ...
CONFLICTING LAWS AND PARADIGMS: THE CASE OF HULUGA HERITAGE SITE ...
CONFLICTING LAWS AND PARADIGMS: THE CASE OF HULUGA HERITAGE SITE ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ForUm for Urban Future – SE Asian-German Summer School in<br />
Cambodia on Urbanization – Challenges and Conflicts<br />
<strong>CONFLICTING</strong> <strong>LAWS</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>PARADIGMS</strong>:<br />
<strong>THE</strong> <strong>CASE</strong> <strong>OF</strong> <strong>HULUGA</strong> <strong>HERITAGE</strong> <strong>SITE</strong><br />
<strong>AND</strong> SMALL MINING IN CAGAYAN DE<br />
ORO CITY, PHILIPPINES<br />
NOEL CORNEL ALEGRE<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Topics<br />
• State of small mining activities<br />
• State of Huluga heritage site<br />
• The conflicting laws<br />
• The conflicting laws as urban<br />
driving forces<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
•State of small mining activities<br />
in Cagayan de Oro City<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Very recent concerns on small mining activities<br />
SUNSTAR<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Where is<br />
Cagayan de Oro<br />
City located?<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
N<br />
Huluga cave complex<br />
Small mining sites<br />
Small mining and Huluga heritage sites<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
DOWNSTREAM<br />
SMALL MINING<br />
<strong>SITE</strong>S<br />
• Tumpagon<br />
• Tignapoloan<br />
UPSTREAM<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Iponan<br />
river<br />
Cagayan<br />
de Oro<br />
City river<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Silted<br />
Iponan<br />
river<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Silted river of CdO City<br />
October 17, 2007<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Silted river of CdO<br />
October 17, 2007<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Status of Mining Applications in Region 10<br />
(CDO City), Philippines<br />
MINIRAL PRODUCTION<br />
NUMBER<br />
SHARING AGREEMENT (MPSA)*<br />
Approved and registered 5<br />
Approved but for registration 0<br />
Under process 44<br />
Expired but w/ renewal application<br />
None<br />
Total 75<br />
(Vidal, 2005)<br />
* None are located in Cagayan de Oro City<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Status of Mining Applications in Region 10<br />
(CDO City), Philippines<br />
EXPLORATORY PERMIT (EP)<br />
NUMBER<br />
Approved and registered 0<br />
Approved but for registration 0<br />
Under process 21<br />
Expired but w/ renewal application<br />
None<br />
Total 24<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Status of Mining Applications in Region 10<br />
(CDO City), Philippines<br />
FINANCIAL <strong>AND</strong> TECHNICAL<br />
ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT<br />
(FTAA)<br />
NUMBER<br />
Approved and registered 0<br />
Approved but for registration 0<br />
Under process 1<br />
Expired but w/ renewal application<br />
None<br />
Total 1<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Section summary<br />
• Small mining activities and prospectors have been<br />
operating in the remote areas of Cagayan de Oro<br />
City but local officials are very slow to address the<br />
issue;<br />
• The remoteness of the area made it difficult and<br />
dangerous to tract these kind of activities;<br />
• One of the indicators of such intensive activity is<br />
presented by the silted rivers of Iponan and<br />
Cagayande OroCity.<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
• Huluga heritage site<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
N<br />
Huluga cave complex<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Taguanao bridge<br />
Cagayan de<br />
Oro City<br />
river<br />
Huluga cave complex<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Taguanao Bridge<br />
(view from CdO<br />
City Convention<br />
Center)<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Taguanao Bridge<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Hill above the<br />
Huluga or<br />
Himologan Cave<br />
complex<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
View from the other side of the cave<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Sand quarry fronting the cave complex<br />
(other side of the river)<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
View from above the cave fronting the<br />
river and bridge<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Dug-out stair case improvement to the cave<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Access ladder to the main cave<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Main cave entrance<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Sand quarry<br />
Cave complex<br />
Huluga cave complex and land improvements<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Short summary<br />
• The Huluga heritage site is under threat of<br />
destruction due to infrastructure<br />
developments around the area;<br />
• The past City Officials were not keen on<br />
preserving the source of “identity” of local<br />
people;<br />
• Interest groups (academicians and other<br />
concerned sectors) are trying to popularize<br />
the issue for its immediate resolution before<br />
the area is eaten by development.<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Conflicting laws<br />
• Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law<br />
(CARL)<br />
• Local Government Code (LGC)<br />
• Urban Development Housing Act (UDHA)<br />
• Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA)<br />
• Mining Law of 1995<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Why conflicting laws?<br />
• All of the laws mentioned has the power<br />
to classify and re-classify lands except<br />
the Mining Law<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Why conflicting paradigms?<br />
• Land ownership is only “land surface”<br />
ownership. Sub-soil, artifacts or<br />
minerals beneath the top soil are state<br />
owned<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Conflicting laws: Urban Driving Force<br />
• The case presented is an affirmation of the<br />
multi-layered driving forces (DF) paradigm<br />
drawn;<br />
• It looks into how structured-induced driving<br />
forces (SIDF), e.g., the role of law in<br />
development paradigm is beneficial for<br />
individuals or groups who are interested in<br />
the natural resource base;<br />
• It also focuses on the conflicting provisions<br />
of selected Philippine laws as structuring<br />
driving forces (SDF);<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Conflicting laws: Urban Driving Force<br />
• Since the laws are canceling each other's<br />
provisions, the interest groups or<br />
structuring driving forces (SDF) can select<br />
laws that may rationalize their cause even<br />
if contested;<br />
• While conflicting Philippine laws are being<br />
resolved in courts, the "development"<br />
agenda is pursued by SDFs towards<br />
changes in urban physical and social<br />
landscape of Cagayan de Oro City.<br />
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY<br />
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY,<br />
PILIPPPINES
Change language