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B
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for him who fears the station of his Lord there are two
paradises. (Al-Rahman, 55:46)
In summary, human beings are comprised of: (A) a mortal body with
five senses; (B) an immortal soul born with primordial innocence
(fitra) but which comprises three modes (an ego or ‘soul that incites
unto evil’; a conscience or ‘soul that blames’, and a ‘soul at peace’)
and has a number of faculties (these being: sentiment and feelings;
a will; an intellect comprising the faculty of speech and the faculty
of learning and of imitation; an imagination; a memory; sense, and
insight and intuition), and (C) a spirit which comes from the Divine
breath within human beings and comprises subtle realities between
it and the soul, these being: (in descending order): (1) the heart’s
core (lubb); (2) the inner heart (fu’ad), (3) the heart (qalb), and (4)
the breast (sadr).
The sum total of human beings’ spiritual, subtle and physical constituent
parts and faculties explain how and why human beings
were made:
i. in the ‘fairest form’ (‘ahsan surah’—see: Ghafir, 40:64; Al-Taghabun,
64:3, and Al-Infitar, 82:6–8);
ii. in the ‘fairest stature’ (‘ahsan taqwim’—see: Al-Tin, 95:1–8).12
And why human beings are:
iii. the regents of God on earth before whom the angels had to prostrate
themselves as he knew all ‘the names’ (‘khalifah’—see: Al-Baqarah,
2:29–35; Al-A‘raf, 7:11, and Yunus, 10:14).
iv. the recipients of a trust (‘amanah’) too great for the heavens and the
earth and the mountains (Al-Ahzab, 33:73).
12 The Prophet Muhammad said: “Verily God created Adam in His own image.” (Sahih
Al-Bukhari, Kitab Al-Isti’than, 1; Sahih Muslim, Kitab Al-Birr 115; Musnad Ibn Hanbal, 2:
244, 251, 315, 323, etc. et al.)
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