the Nepali version of the booklet in .pdf format. - Livestock-Climate ...

1. kfrg k|0ffnL
1. 5
x'b} Pjf]Dofhddf k'U5 . Pjf]Dofhddf k'Ug' eGbf klxn] vfgf cw{ 7f]; cj:yfdf x'G5 lsgsL
kz'n] lkPsf] kfgL ¿d]gdf guO{ l;w} cf]Dofhd / Pjf]Dofhddf k'Ub5 .
cGg gnL (Esophagus)
cGg gnLn] d'v / ¿d]gnfO{ hf]8\b5 / ufO{df of]
vfgf of] cËn] ¿d]g;Dd k'¥ofpFg] sfo{ ub{5 .
! ld6/ nfdf] x'G5 . d'vdf rkfOPsf]
7"nf] e' F8L (Rumino Reticulum)
7"nf] e' F8L ¿d]g / /]l6s'nd ldn]/ ag]sf] x'G5 h:nfO{ /]l6s'nf]¿d]g klg elgG5 . /]l6s'nd
¿d]gdf Psbd} 6f+l;Psf] x'Fbf oL b'j}nfO{ ldnfP/ /]l6s'nf]¿d]g jf 7"nf] e' F8L eg]/ Ps}
k6s JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 . oL b'O{ k]6n] ufO{, e}+;Lsf] b]a| ] k§Lsf] k'/} efu cf]u6\5g ¿d]g
leqsf] lkNnf;{x¿ %) b]lv ^) ;]s]08df k}mng] / v'Drg] ub{5g\ . cf} +nf] cfsfs/sf kflkNn]
(Papillae) . ¿d]gsf] leqL efudf k}mlnP/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . h;n] ¿d]gdf pTkfbg ePsf
-s_ ef]nf6fOn of§L Pl;8\ -v_ cdf]lgofnfO{ ;f];]/ /Qm glndf k'¥ofpF5g\ . of] k]6df ;"Id
hLjf0f'x¿, JofS6]l/of, k|f]6f]hf]jfx¿, kmGhfO{x¿ x'G5g\ . oL hLjf0f' / k|f]6f]hf]jfx¿n] v;|f]
3fF;, k/fn, gn cflb krfpg] ub{5g\ . 3fF; k/fn ¿d]gdf kRbf vf;u/]/ Pl;l6s,
k|f]kfof]lgs / Jo'6fol/s gfdsf t]lno cDnx¿ pTkfbg x'G5g\ . oL cDnx¿g} b"w pTkfbg,
z/L/ wfGg jf zf/Ll/s j[låsf] nflu cfjZos kg] { zlQmsf] d'Vo >f]t x'g\ . oL cDnx¿sf]
w]/} efu ¿d]gsf] leQf dfkm{t z/L/df zf]lifG5g\ . o;/L zf]lifPsf cDnx¿ z/L/sf] ljleGg
efudf k'uL ljleGg /f;folgs k|lqmofåf/f z/L/sf] k|of]udf cfp+5g\ .
7"nf] e'F8Lsf] jftfj/0f a9L cDnLo ePdf hLjf0f'x¿ db{5g\ . ufO{, e}+;LnfO{ cGg dfq
v'jfPdf jf 3fF;sf] t'ngfdf a9L bfgf v'jfPdf o:tf] x'g hfG5 / ufO{, e} +;L lj/fdL x'G5g\ .
t;y{ ufO{, e}+;LnfO{ 3fF;kft v'jfpg cfjZos 5 . 3fF; v'jfpFbf ufO{ j:t'n] pu|fp+5g\ /
pu|fp+bf -kfp/ dfbf{_ a9L ¥ofn lgsfN5g\ . ;f] ¥ofn 7"nf] e'F8Ldf k'U5 / ToxL ¥ofnn] ubf{
g} ¿d]gsf] jftfj/0f a9L cDnLo (pH) x'g kfpb}g . :jf:Yo 7"nf] e'F8Lsf] pH ^ :s]nsf]
x'g' k5{ h:df ;'Ifd hLjsf] j[lå /fd|f] x'G5 . ufO{ e} +;Lsf] of] k]6df !(* s]=hL= ;Dd cfxf/f
c6g ;S5 . oL kz'x?sf] 7"nf] k]6df cfxf/f @$ b]lv $* 306f;Dd /xG5 . /fd|f];Fu kRg]
cfxf/fn] rfF8} 7"nf] e" F8Laf6 tn em5{g\ eg] sd kRg] cfxf/f 7"nf] e" F8Ldf a9L ;do;Dd
a:5g\ .
;ftkq] (Omasum)
;ftkq] k]6sf] d'Vo sfd v;|f], nfdf 3fF; jf k/fnsf 6'qmfnfO{ Paf]d]hddf -vf; k]6_ hfg
glbO{ dl;gf] kfg{ 7"nf] e'F8Ldf g} /fVg' xf] . To:t} o;n] -!_ ¿d]gaf6 cfPsf] kfgL -@_
¿d]gdf pTkflbt t/ gzf]lifPsf cDnx¿ / -#_ vlgh nj0fx¿ ;f]:g] sfd ub{5 . ufO{
e}+;Lsf] of] c+udf !! s]=hL= cyf{t\ kz'n] vfPsf] cfxf/fsf] %Ü ;Dd cfxf/f c6g ;S5g\ .