Atomic parity non conservation; the francium project - KVI

Atomic parity non conservation; the
francium project
SSP2012 June 2012
Luis A. Orozco
Joint Quantum Institute, Department of
Physics
University of Maryland and NIST, USA

Thanks to:
Dima Budker (Berkeley)
Anne Marie Bouchiat (ENS Paris)
Roberto Calabrese (Ferrara)
Sidney Cahn (Yale)
David DeMille (Yale)
Andrei Derevianko (Reno)
Victor Flambaum (New South Wales)
Gerald Gwinner (Manitoba)
Klaus Jungmann (KVI)
Mariana Safranova (Delaware)

Gwinner

Gwinner

Gwinner

Gwinner

Safranova

Safranova

Weak charge of 133 Cs
Agreement with the Standard Model
Experiment: Wood et al. (1997); Bennett and Wieman (1999) (Boulder group)
Theory: S.G. Porsev, K. Beloy, A. Derevianko Phys. Rev. Lett. (2009)
Derevianko
9

Bigger picture (running)
S. G. Porsev, K. Beloy and A. Derevianko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 181601
(2009)
S. G. Porsev, K. Beloy and A. Derevianko, Phys. Rev. D 82, 036008 (2010)
Derevianko

Safranova

The Yb PV Experiment
Electric and magnetic fields define handedness
Budker

Yb PV Amplitude Results (Berkeley)
Budker
ζ/β=39(4) stat. (5) syst. mV/cm ⇒ |ζ|=(8.7±1.4)×10 -10 ea 0
Accuracy is affected by HV-amplifier noise, fluctuations of
Accuracy
stray fields,
is affected
and laser
by HV-amplifier
drifts → improved
noise, fluctuations
for the next
of
phase
stray
fields, and laser drifts → improved for the next phase

Parity Nonconservation in Dy
• Theory (1994):
• H w = 70 ± 40 Hz
• V. A. Dzuba et al. Phys. Rev. A 50, 3812 (1994)
• Experiment (1997):
• |H w | = | 2.3 ± 2.9 (statistical) ± 0.7
(systematic) |
• A. T. Nguyen et. al. Phys. Rev. A 56, 3453 (1997)
• Improved theory (2010):
• H w ≈ 2 Hz
• V. Dzuba and V. Flambaum (http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.1184)
Budker
14

Jungmann
Single ion work in Ra + at KVI

Jungmann

Using molecules to get at NSD-PNC
• Diatomic molecules systematically have close rotation+hyperfine
levels of opposite parity--B-field tuning can give ΔE ~ 10 -11 eV!
[Sushkov, Flambaum, Sov. Phys. JETP 48, 608 (1978), Flambaum, Khriplovich, Phys. Lett.
A 110, 121 (1985) Kozlov, Labzowsky, & Mitruschenkov, JETP 73, 415 (1991)]]
Cahn, DeMille

|B>
|A>
Strategy to detect PNC in near-degenerate levels
H =
A
A
(
0 iH W
+ dE
)
B !iH W
+ dE "
B
A !(T ) 2 "
= 4sin 2 !T
$
# 2
%(
' (1or2) H W
*
&)*
!
Weak Term
Odd in E
D. DeMille, S.B. Cahn, D. Murphree, D.A. Rahmlow, and M.G. Kozlov
Using molecules to measure nuclear spin-dependent parity violation
Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 023003 (2008)
Cahn
dE 0
+ " dE 0
$
" # "
Stark Term
Even in E
%
'
&
2
+
-
,-

FrPNC Collaboration
Approved experiments at TRIUMF S1010, S1065, S1218
Seth Aubin; College of William and Mary, USA.
John A. Behr, K. Peter Jackson, Matt R. Pearson, Michael Tandecki;
TRIUMF, Canada.
Victor V. Flambaum; University of New South Wales, Australia.
Eduardo Gómez, Maricarmen Ruiz; Universidad Autónoma de San
Luis Potosí, México.
Gerald Gwinner SPOEKESPERSON Robert Collister, Andrew
Senchuk; University of Manitoba, Canada.
Dan Melconian; Texas A&M, USA.
Luis A. Orozco, Jiehang Zhang, Young Shing, Gary Cheng; University
of Maryland, USA.
Gene D. Sprouse; SUNY Stony Brook, USA.
Yanting Zhao; Shanxi University, Taijuan, China.
Work supported by NSERC from Canada, DOE, and NSF from the USA.

TRIUMF:
John Behr
University of Manitoba
Matthew Pearson
Michael Tandecki
Gerald Gwinner
Robert Collister

University of Maryland
William and Mary
University of Maryland
Gary Cheng, Jiehang Zhang, and Young Shing
San Luis Potosi
Seth Aubin
Texas A&M
Maricarmen Ruiz, Eduardo Gomez
Dan Melconian

A Brief History of Francium at Stony
Brook
1991-94: Construction of 1 st production and
trapping apparatus.
1995: Produced and Trapped Francium in a
MOT.
1996-2000: Laser spectroscopy of Francium
(8S 1/2 , 7P 1/2 ,7D 5/2 ,7D 3/2 , hyperfine anomaly).
2,000 atoms
Fr MOT
2000-2002: High efficiency trap.
2003: Spectroscopy of 9S 1/2 ,8P 1/2 ,8P 3/2 levels,
2004: Lifetime of 8S level.
2007: Magnetic moment 210 Fr based on 9S 1/2 .
250,000 atoms
Fr MOT

The Anapole Moment History
1958 Zel’dovich, Vaks
1980 Khriplovich, Flambaum
1984 Khriplovich, Flambaum, Shuskov
1995 Fortson (Seattle) bound from an
experiment Thallium
1997 Wieman (Boulder) 15% measurement
from an experiment Cesium

Constraints of the isovector and isoscalar meson couplings (10 7 ). The
error bands are one standard deviation. The illustrated region contains
all of the DDH “reasonable ranges” for the indicated parameters (Behr,
based on Haxton and Wieman).

Constraints of couplings (10 7 ) from future measurements of two francium
isotopes (even and odd isotopes) based on the calculations of Flambaum
and Murray.

the FrPNC?
• Tested system with Rb at UMD and shipped to TRIUMF.
Now:
• Construct laboratory at ISAC in TRIUMF and trap Fr
Next
• Measurement of the anapole moment of a chain of Fr
isotopes through the E1 forbidden hyperfine transition.
Shot noise limited signal-to-noise better than 1 (Hz) -1/2 .
Extract weak coupling constants in the nucleus.
• The apparatus also works for Optical PNC to measure
the spin independent part (Weak charge).

Anapole Measurement
1.- Define handedness of the
apparatus by the coordinate
system
(iE RF
× B M 1
⋅ B DC
)
€
€
2.- Create superposition to
interfere and enhance PNC signal:
A total
= A PC PNC
M 1
± A E1
3.- Measure rate of transition through
resonance fluorescence.
Rate ∝ A total
2
4.- Change handedness of apparatus
Expected signal with 450 V/m
€
+
Signal ∝ A total
2
−
− Atotal
2
A E1
= 0.01 rad /s
5.- Repeat.
€

Manufactured Microwave Mirror
Perforated Hole array mirror fabricated in UMD FabLab.

Blue detuned trap
Fluorescence from trapped atoms

Principle of the measurement
⎛⎛
Ξ ±
= N sin 2
⎜⎜
⎝⎝
(A M 1
± A E1
)t c
2
⎛⎛
S = Ξ +
− Ξ −
≅ N sin A t ⎞⎞ ⎛⎛
M 1 c
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ A t ⎞⎞
E1 c
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ ⎝⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
⎞⎞
⎟⎟
⎠⎠
€
Control phase of different interactions
Ground state hyperfine splitting
Fr ~46 GHz, Z=87
Rb ~6.834 GHz, Z=37

Oscillations and sensitivity test
M1 Rabi oscillations (50 Hz) with 10 5
Rb atoms in blue detuned (20 nm)
dipole trap. Decoherence time 180 ms.
While sitting at 37.5 ms, add a
second microwave source with
10 4 attenuation, change of the
phase and see the signal
increase and decrease.

Signal
Noise = 2Ω E1Δt N = 2
Number of atoms = N ~ 10 6
Ω E1 ~ 10 mrad
Interaction time = Δτ ~ 0.1s

December 2010 results actinite target
ISAC facility @ TRIUMF500 MeV protons (2 µA) on UC (30 g/cm2).

University of Maryland
September 6, 2011

University of Maryland
September 8, 2011

ISAC I hall at TRIUMF, new home of FrPNC

Collinear spectroscopy looking for 206 Fr in September 2011
Preliminary results: observed the ground state 206 isotope and found its isomer

Rb Trap at Fr Trapping Facility

THANKS!