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Reid, Walter V., and K.R. Miller. 1989. Keeping Options Alive: The Scientific Basis for Conserving Biodiversity. World Resources Institute. Washington, D.C. “In a way, Keeping Options Alive is a ‘how-to’ publication. Its timely premise is that the biological sciences can help policy makers identify the threats to biodiversity, evaluate conservation tools, and come up with successful management strategies to the crisis of biotic impoverishment before it is full-blown.” —from the foreword. Soulé, Michael E. (ed.). 1987. Viable Populations for Conservation. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. “This book addresses the most recent research in the rapidly developing integration of conservation biology with population biology.” —from the back cover. Thorne-Miller, Boyce, and S.A. Earle. 1998. The Living Ocean: Understanding and Protecting Marine Biodiversity—2nd edition. Island Press. Washington, D.C. A valuable primer for understanding the threats to marine biodiversity and the conservation needs of this important ecosystem. Western, David, and M.C. Pearl (eds.). 1989. Conservation for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press. New York, New York. This collection of writings from a diverse group of authors outlines approaches to nature conservation and it also reviews some possible future outcomes for habitats and wildlife. Wilson, Edward O. (ed.), and Frances M. Peter (photographer). 1989. Biodiversity. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. This book is a collection of papers from a major conference that highlights the causes of biodiversity loss followed by a systematic analysis of the approaches to preserving biodiversity. “Anyone concerned with biodiversity should own this book …” —from the journal Science. Wilson, Edward O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. New York, New York. “In this book a master scientist tells the great story of how life on earth evolved. Edward O. Wilson describes how the species of the world became B i o l o g i c a l 48 D i v e r s i t y
diverse and why the threat to that diversity today is beyond the scope of anything we have known before.” —from the back cover. Wyman, Richard L. (ed.). 1991. Global Climate Change and Life on Earth. Chapman and Hall. New York, New York. “Global Climate Change and Life on Earth focuses on the greenhouse effect and its relation to such crucial issues as deforestation, overpopulation and hunger, pollution, sea-level changes, and the loss of biodiversity. These environmental threats now facing us could have so much momentum that unless steps are taken now to reverse them, they may soon overwhelm our ability to respond.” —from the back cover. P e r i o d i c a l s Biological Conservation Monthly publication on theoretical and applied science, research and commentary on conservation issues; worldwide in scope. The Conservationist Monthly publication of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Lots of artwork; non-technical articles associated with wildlife management and outdoor recreation. National Geographic Monthly magazine. Non-technical; lots of color photographs; good coverage of wildlife refuges, national parks, rare species, unusual ecosystems. Natural History Monthly magazine. Non-technical; lots of photographs; emphasizes natural diversity of the landscape and diversity of organisms. Nature Weekly British scientific journal. Short, highly technical articles reporting original research on all scientific subjects. Nature Conservancy Bimonthly magazine of the Nature Conservancy, an organization dedicated to saving unique natural areas primarily by buying and preserving them. B i o l o g i c a l 49 D i v e r s i t y
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Biological Diversity: T H E O L D E
Page 4 and 5:
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW
Page 6 and 7:
Copyright © 1999 by The New York S
Page 9 and 10: Preface This book is based on a man
Page 11 and 12: Additional information on the activ
Page 13 and 14: Biological Diversity: T H E O L D E
Page 15 and 16: some degree of potency. A much high
Page 17 and 18: Some groups of organisms, such as f
Page 19 and 20: to their environment and to one ano
Page 21 and 22: N EW YORK’S BIODIVERSITY IS THREA
Page 23 and 24: 12 10 Number of Butterflies Observe
Page 25 and 26: It is possible that the next hundre
Page 27 and 28: environment. For almost 3 billion y
Page 29 and 30: W ITH ITS WISPINESS AND LIGHT-AND-D
Page 31 and 32: sophisticated microscopic and bioch
Page 33 and 34: The tropical zones generally have a
Page 35 and 36: average as well as greater ecologic
Page 37 and 38: early extinction within the next 30
Page 39 and 40: perished. As the paleontologist Dav
Page 41 and 42: collected in the stream in 1936 and
Page 43 and 44: Systematics, or taxonomy, is at the
Page 45 and 46: Community ecology addresses the man
Page 47 and 48: Biological field stations from four
Page 49 and 50: Biogeography 1 The scientific study
Page 51 and 52: Dispersal In biology, the way a spe
Page 53 and 54: Global warming An increase in the c
Page 55 and 56: Ozone A form of oxygen (O 3 ) that
Page 57 and 58: Termites A group of insects that is
Page 59: Grifo, Francesca, and J. Rosenthal
Page 63 and 64: Mitchell, Richard S., L. Danaher, a
Page 65 and 66: 9. Is an ecologist the same as a ta
Page 67 and 68: 31. Do you know of a biological res
Page 69 and 70: B i o l o g i c a l 57 D i v e r s
Page 72: THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM IS A PROG
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