A reactive melt modification of polyethylene terephthalate

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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 5.20 Absolute value of complex viscosity Iri*1 vs frequency co for unmodified and modified HPET. 88 5.21 Effect of reaction on the loss tangent vs frequency e for modified and unmodified HPET 90 5.22 Modified Cole-Cole plots for unmodified and modified HPET samples 92 5.23 Relaxation spectra H (t) vs relaxation time T 94 5.24 TGIC stability at 270°C as monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy 96 5.25 HPET melt stability at 270 °C as monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy 97 5.26 HPET + 10% TGIC at 270 °C as monitored using spectroscopic analysis in comparison with control PET and TGIC samples at 270 °C after Amin 98 5.27 Changes in dynamic moduli (G', G") at a constant frequency of 10 radls and at 270°C and 300°C respectively 100 5.28 Evolution of storage modulus G' (Pa) versus reaction time (s) as a result of change in frequency (rad/s) at 270°C 105 5.29 Changes in storage moduli versus frequency at different reaction time intervals, and at 270°C 106 5.30 Comparison of method of sample preparation — solution casting from hexafluoroisopropanol versus powder mixing, to monitor the HPETITGIC reaction 270°C and at a frequency of 1 radls. 107 5.31 Frequency dependence of oscillatory shear modulus G' for HPET+1.5X TGIC at 270°C at various time intervals 108 5.32 Frequency dependence of tang for HPET+1.5X TGIC at 270 °C at various time intervals 109 Dvi
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 5.33 Relaxation Modulus G(t) for the HPETITGIC system at 270°C obtained through real time frequency scans 110 5.34 Schematic of reactive modification of RPET with TGIC in a single screw extruder.. 115 5.35 Schematic of Sequential Reactive Extrusion Foaming of RPET+0.75X TGIC with Isobutane 117 5.36 Foam cross section of TGIC modified PET 118 Dvii
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Warning & Restrictions Th
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT REACTIVE MELT MODIFICATION
Page 5 and 6: REACTIVE MELT MODIFICATION OF POLYE
Page 7 and 8: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Author: Rahul R
Page 9 and 10: Copyright © 2003 by Rahul Ramesh D
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I always considere
Page 13 and 14: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 IN
Page 15 and 16: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapt
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Mac
Page 19: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 23 and 24: Striation Thickness Time Diffusion
Page 25 and 26: tertiary amine terephthalic acid th
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION After its in
Page 29 and 30: 3 of 0.5-1.00 mm Hg (Sorenson 2001)
Page 31 and 32: where rib is the solution viscosity
Page 33 and 34: 7 are not suitable for most of the
Page 35 and 36: 9 In the case of sheet applications
Page 37 and 38: 11 operation (Dealy and Wissbrun, 1
Page 39 and 40: 13 During the cell growth phase of
Page 41 and 42: 15 suitability of extruders as cont
Page 43 and 44: 17 conditions and additive concentr
Page 45 and 46: 19 understand the effect of evolvin
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW This ch
Page 49 and 50: 23 absence of modifiers is accompan
Page 51 and 52: 25 The primary objective while modi
Page 53 and 54: 27 Polypropylene resins with high m
Page 55 and 56: 29 initially the reaction with hydr
Page 57 and 58: 31 A diglycidyl ether, often in the
Page 59 and 60: 33 Characterizing the products of t
Page 61 and 62: 35 5. Ease of mixing in the polymer
Page 63 and 64: 37 Figure 3.4 Epoxy or 0xirane ring
Page 65 and 66: 39 carbocation stability overrides
Page 67 and 68: 41 Figure 3.9 Anhydride — epoxy r
Page 69 and 70: 43 Figure 3.12 Base catalyzed hydro
Page 71 and 72:
45 activity to enhance the PET-epox
Page 73 and 74:
47 4.1.2 Chain EDtenders The struct
Page 75 and 76:
TGDDM was used in the batch mixer s
Page 77 and 78:
51 4.2 Processing and Characterizat
Page 79 and 80:
53 specimens as a function of freVu
Page 81 and 82:
55 to the parallel plates). An addi
Page 83 and 84:
57 background spectrum. It took app
Page 85 and 86:
CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th
Page 87 and 88:
61 molecular weight of MPET as also
Page 89 and 90:
63 rate expressions analogous to th
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 5.5 Possible reactions betwe
Page 93 and 94:
67 taking place by the convective;
Page 95 and 96:
69 5.1.4 Comparison of Epoxides Fig
Page 97 and 98:
71 5.1.5 Reactions of TGIC with HPE
Page 99 and 100:
73 Figure 5.11 shows the vanation o
Page 101 and 102:
75 Figure 5.13 shows the effect of
Page 103 and 104:
77 to time. In a general sense, the
Page 105 and 106:
79 5.1.7 Study on Role of Catalysts
Page 107 and 108:
81 groups adjacent to the tertiary
Page 109 and 110:
83 overall less activity towards TG
Page 111 and 112:
85 5.2.1 Typical Batch MiDing Runs
Page 113 and 114:
87 It appears that the higher proce
Page 115 and 116:
89 injection (Dealy and Wissbrun, 1
Page 117 and 118:
91 rheological power scaling law fo
Page 119 and 120:
93 In the calculations, the freVuen
Page 121 and 122:
95 whereas H(?.) of the unmodified
Page 123 and 124:
97 However, the disintegration of t
Page 125 and 126:
99 the Section 4.1.3. As evident fr
Page 127 and 128:
101 changes in dynamic moduli and m
Page 129 and 130:
103 In the case of 270 °C, the mod
Page 131 and 132:
105 accessibility of unreacted grou
Page 133 and 134:
107 believed to be charactenzed by
Page 135 and 136:
109 increase in the melt elasticity
Page 137 and 138:
111 In general, for crosslinked sys
Page 139 and 140:
113 crosslinked gels in swelling eV
Page 141 and 142:
115 formation of epoxy/PET reaction
Page 143 and 144:
117 A seVuential reactive extrusion
Page 145 and 146:
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMEND
Page 147 and 148:
121 of PET by the selected tnepoxid
Page 149 and 150:
REFERENCES S. Abe and M. Yamaguchi,
Page 151 and 152:
125 L. M. Dossin and W. W. Graessle
Page 153 and 154:
127 P. Huang, Z. Zhong, S. Zheng, W
Page 155 and 156:
129 J. Meissner and J. Hostettler,
Page 157 and 158:
131 T. Shiwaku, K. Hijikata, K. Fur
Page 159 and 160:
133 M. Xanthos and S. K. Dey, "Foam
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A reactive melt modification of polyethylene terephthalate

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