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Social background of MPs - Parliament

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1.4 Occupation<br />

The Nuffield election studies provide analyses <strong>of</strong> occupations <strong>of</strong> candidates and <strong>MPs</strong> elected<br />

at each election. These data are restricted to the three main parties but give a reasonably<br />

consistent guide to the occupational <strong>background</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>MPs</strong> over the period. The following table<br />

summarises the proportions in main occupation groups:<br />

Table 6 <strong>MPs</strong>' Occupations 1979 to 2010<br />

<strong>MPs</strong> from main parties (Conservative/Labour/Liberal Democrat)<br />

1979 1983 1987 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010<br />

Number<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essions 278 278 262 258 272 270 242 218<br />

Barrister 67 69 57 53 36 33 34 38<br />

Solicitor 29 35 31 30 28 35 38 48<br />

Doctor 8 5 5 6 9 8 6 9<br />

Civil service/local govt 30 27 22 26 37 35 28 18<br />

Teachers: University/college 28 32 36 45 61 53 44 25<br />

Teacher: school 49 43 48 57 65 64 47 24<br />

Business 138 162 161 152 113 107 118 156<br />

Miscellaneous 106 115 133 154 188 200 217 222<br />

White Collar 9 21 27 46 72 76 78 84<br />

Politician/Political organiser 21 20 34 46 60 66 87 90<br />

Publisher/Journalist 46 45 42 44 47 50 43 38<br />

Farmer 23 21 19 12 7 6 8 10<br />

Manual Workers 98 74 73 63 56 53 38 25<br />

Miner 21 20 17 13 13 12 11 7<br />

Total 619 629 629 627 629 630 615 621<br />

Percentage<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essions 44.9% 44.2% 41.7% 41.1% 43.2% 42.9% 39.3% 35.1%<br />

Barrister 10.8% 11.0% 9.1% 8.5% 5.7% 5.2% 5.5% 6.1%<br />

Solicitor 4.7% 5.6% 4.9% 4.8% 4.5% 5.6% 6.2% 7.7%<br />

Doctor 1.3% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.4% 1.3% 1.0% 1.4%<br />

Civil service/local govt 4.8% 4.3% 3.5% 4.1% 5.9% 5.6% 4.6% 2.9%<br />

Teachers: University/college 4.5% 5.1% 5.7% 7.2% 9.7% 8.4% 7.2% 4.0%<br />

Teacher: school 7.9% 6.8% 7.6% 9.1% 10.3% 10.2% 7.6% 3.9%<br />

Business 22.3% 25.8% 25.6% 24.2% 18.0% 17.0% 19.2% 25.1%<br />

Miscellaneous 17.1% 18.3% 21.1% 24.6% 29.9% 31.7% 35.3% 35.7%<br />

White Collar 1.5% 3.3% 4.3% 7.3% 11.4% 12.1% 12.7% 13.5%<br />

Politician/Political organiser 3.4% 3.2% 5.4% 7.3% 9.5% 10.5% 14.1% 14.5%<br />

Publisher/Journalist 7.4% 7.2% 6.7% 7.0% 7.5% 7.9% 7.0% 6.1%<br />

Farmer 3.7% 3.3% 3.0% 1.9% 1.1% 1.0% 1.3% 1.6%<br />

Manual Workers 15.8% 11.8% 11.6% 10.0% 8.9% 8.4% 6.2% 4.0%<br />

Miner 3.4% 3.2% 2.7% 2.1% 2.1% 1.9% 1.8% 1.1%<br />

Source: Butler, Kavanagh, Cowley et al The British General Election <strong>of</strong> 2010 & previous editions<br />

Since 1979 there has been a large decrease in the number <strong>of</strong> <strong>MPs</strong> who were formerly<br />

manual workers, from around 16% <strong>of</strong> all <strong>MPs</strong> in 1979 to 4% in 2010. The proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>MPs</strong><br />

with pr<strong>of</strong>essional <strong>background</strong>s has also fallen, from 45% in 1979 to 35% in 2010. Within this<br />

category the proportion <strong>of</strong> former school teachers and former barristers has declined while<br />

the proportion <strong>of</strong> former solicitors has risen. The numbers <strong>of</strong> teachers from schools and<br />

teachers from universities and colleges were rising until 1997 since then have fallen back to<br />

below 1979 levels.<br />

5

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