Bird Netting in Vineyards - PA Wine Grape Growers Network
Bird Netting in Vineyards - PA Wine Grape Growers Network
Bird Netting in Vineyards - PA Wine Grape Growers Network
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<strong>Bird</strong> <strong>Nett<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
In V<strong>in</strong>eyards<br />
Alice Wise &<br />
Libby Tarleton<br />
Cornell <strong>Grape</strong> Research Program
Why are birds a problem?<br />
• Eat the crop – why? It is a low<br />
level food source with very little<br />
nutrients.<br />
• Peck the fruit – cause wound<br />
sites that lead to problems with<br />
fruit flies, sour & bitter rot,<br />
botrytis<br />
• Impact fruit quality<br />
• Costs associated with fruit loss
What birds are a problem?
Potential Problem <strong>Bird</strong>s
• Presence or absence of<br />
other varieties<br />
• V<strong>in</strong>eyard size<br />
• Distance to perch<strong>in</strong>g<br />
sites<br />
• Landscape/habitat<br />
• Weather<br />
• Migration patterns –<br />
impact from climate change<br />
V<strong>in</strong>eyard Variability<br />
Severity of bird damage varies
<strong>Bird</strong> Control Options
<strong>Bird</strong> <strong>Nett<strong>in</strong>g</strong> s<strong>in</strong>ce 1980’s
Vertical Shoot Positioned Canopy<br />
VSP<br />
Primary tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
system on Long Island.<br />
Fruit<strong>in</strong>g wire ~ 30” high<br />
2-3 pairs of catch wires<br />
Canopy 6-7 ft. high<br />
Narrow but well-filled<br />
canopy.<br />
Fruit zone exposed for spray<br />
and light penetration
Standard Net<br />
extruded black<br />
plastic with<br />
¾” mesh<br />
14’ & 17’ widths<br />
5000 ft. rolls<br />
OK for very low to<br />
moderate pressure<br />
Cheapest net<br />
available
Different Types of Net<br />
F<strong>in</strong>e Mesh<br />
Wildlife Control<br />
Technologies/Conwed<br />
16 - 19 mm<br />
1/3” square<br />
17’ width
G<strong>in</strong>tec ProGuard<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec Shade Technologies<br />
orig<strong>in</strong>ally shadecloth<br />
11% shade<br />
~ 4 x 7 mm mesh<br />
2.6’ & 3.3’ width<br />
3000 ft. rolls<br />
hooks on catch wires<br />
bottom fastened<br />
w/zip ties
Damage to G<strong>in</strong>tec nets<br />
at LIHREC
G<strong>in</strong>tec F<strong>in</strong>e Mesh<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec Shade Technologies<br />
10-15% shade<br />
3 x 3 mm mesh woven<br />
2.5 ‘ width<br />
3000 ft. rolls<br />
Same attachment protocol<br />
as standard G<strong>in</strong>tec
V<strong>in</strong>eside®<br />
Donaghys/Gale Pac.<br />
6% shade<br />
15 x 14 mm square<br />
mesh, knitted<br />
2.74 & 4.29’ widths<br />
1650’ rolls<br />
fastened w/twist ties<br />
or staples
W<strong>in</strong>dbreak Plus®<br />
Gale Pacific<br />
~ 3 x 3mm<br />
38% shade<br />
3.28’ width<br />
164’ roll
PermaNet®<br />
Gale Pacific<br />
5 x 7 mm<br />
1/3” square<br />
Est. 7% shade<br />
4’ width
Tightloch®<br />
Spec Trellis<strong>in</strong>g<br />
5 x 5 mm square<br />
mesh, knitted<br />
2.6’ widths 1650’ rolls<br />
fastened at top<br />
w/hooks or zip ties<br />
bottom with twist or<br />
zip ties
Tek-Knit<br />
Tek-Knit<br />
(Canada)<br />
5x5 mm square<br />
mesh, “locked”<br />
2.6’ widths 1200’<br />
rolls<br />
Attach same way<br />
as Tightlock
Merlot <strong>Bird</strong> Damage 2005 through 2008<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
% <strong>Bird</strong><br />
Damage<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
standard<br />
standard w/spacers<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec<br />
V<strong>in</strong>eside<br />
V<strong>in</strong>eside EZ 10<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec Proguard<br />
0<br />
2005 2006 2007 2008
Side <strong>Nett<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Pros and Cons<br />
1. Provides good results, but the net<br />
has to have lock stitch technology<br />
(<strong>in</strong>creases the cost)<br />
2. Easy to apply<br />
3. Can store <strong>in</strong> v<strong>in</strong>eyard<br />
4. Labor sav<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> catch wire lift<strong>in</strong>g<br />
w/early application<br />
5. Also help keep out other wildlife:<br />
raccoon, opossum, fox, deer etc.<br />
1. Need to open net for<br />
shoot and cluster th<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g<br />
2. Labor <strong>in</strong>tensive to tie net<br />
at top and bottom.<br />
3. Hard to fruit sample<br />
4. Difficult to repair
W<strong>in</strong>dbreak Plus, G<strong>in</strong>tec f<strong>in</strong>e mesh,<br />
PermaNet, Tightloch and Tek-Knit<br />
All f<strong>in</strong>e mesh with lock stitch technology. So far provided good<br />
protection <strong>in</strong> both replicated and observational plots.<br />
<strong>Bird</strong>s learn – will they<br />
eventually figure out<br />
these f<strong>in</strong>e mesh nets?<br />
Expensive – but worth the<br />
cost?<br />
No ripen<strong>in</strong>g or disease<br />
concerns thus far<br />
LIHREC – std. net vs. W<strong>in</strong>dbreak Plus
Damage to<br />
W<strong>in</strong>dbreak Plus<br />
nets at LIHREC
<strong>Bird</strong> <strong>Nett<strong>in</strong>g</strong> - Cost<br />
Fruit Zone or<br />
over the row<br />
Width<br />
Cost/acre<br />
V<strong>in</strong>eside® Fruit zone 1.3m 1650. (2009)<br />
W<strong>in</strong>dbreak Plus® “ 1.0m 3550. (2005)<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec f<strong>in</strong>e mesh “ 0.8m 5250. (2007)<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec ProGuard® “ 0.8m 1746. (2009)<br />
PermaNet® “ 1.2m<br />
0.8m<br />
2277. (2013)<br />
2200. (2013)<br />
Tightloch® “ 0.8m 2200. (2013)<br />
Tek-Knit® “ 0.8m 2800. (2012)<br />
Standard f<strong>in</strong>e mesh OTR 18ft 1100. (2007)<br />
Standard OTR 17ft 1574. (2009)<br />
*Based on 8ft rows
Summary<br />
• No silver bullet –<br />
multiple strategies<br />
• Companies are com<strong>in</strong>g<br />
out with new designs –<br />
side net with small mesh<br />
size and lock stitch<br />
technology at a better<br />
price (lighter net).<br />
• We cont<strong>in</strong>ue to<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestigate new nett<strong>in</strong>g
Spacers
Thank you<br />
NY W<strong>in</strong>e & <strong>Grape</strong> Foundation<br />
Long Island w<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />
G<strong>in</strong>tec Shade Technologies<br />
Donaghys / Gale Pacific<br />
Michael Schmidt, Spec Trellis<strong>in</strong>g
Questions?