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Recent design improvements and current strategies t of CPB in some instances have not been proven to reduce •Vacuum-assisted and may, in venous fact, increase the risk of gross drainage air embolism during CPB • Drug injection •Low-prime perfusion circuits •Aortic cannula •Carbon type dioxide and placement flooding of •Internal properties the operative of oxygenator field and filters •Levels of vacuum (
Cardiovascular function is affected by the <strong>com</strong>pressible air causing obstruction to right ventricular ejection at the level of the pulmonary outflow tract Slower infusions of air be<strong>com</strong>e trapped at the level of the pulmonary arterioles causing pulmonary arterial hypertension and subsequent right ventricular failure The effect of microbubbles entering the pulmonary arterioles gradually is not only to obstruct flow but, in addition, neutrophils are attracted to the network of fibrin, red blood cells, fat globules and platelets that build up around the bubble The ultrastructural damage that results from this leads to increased basement membrane permeability and, ultimately, to pulmonary edema Sufficient pressure builds up on the right side of the heart to push gas through the pulmonary circulation to the left atrium. Any increase in pulmonary artery pressure will favour the transfer of air into arterial circulation
Page 1 and 2: Serdar Gunaydin, MD Clinical Profes
Page 3: Although modern techniques of Wher
Page 7 and 8: We can divide emboli into macro and
Page 9 and 10: Air handling: Revisit Definitions,
Page 11 and 12: Atherosclerotic artery Cardiopulmo
Page 16 and 17: Online devices employ ultrasound te
Page 22: Air handling: Revisit Definitions,
Page 25 and 26: Cardiac Complication No. of Patient
Page 37 and 38: CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MINIMIZED EX
Page 39 and 40: GME (emboli.sec -1 ) Group 1 Group
Page 41 and 42: RFI % Ch hange 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 N
Page 43 and 44: In a four-month period, 40 patients
Page 45 and 46: The Impact of the Intensity of Micr
Page 47 and 48: Over a two- year period ,ME activit
Page 49 and 50: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 (>30emb/s,
Page 51 and 52: We have designed studies for the ev
Page 53 and 54: Do we really need air detection and
Page 55 and 56:
How much GME is important t clinica
Page 59 and 60:
Diameter of Volume of No. of Each B
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