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In 'Assertion', Robert Stalnaker distinguishes between the sema

In 'Assertion', Robert Stalnaker distinguishes between the sema

In 'Assertion', Robert Stalnaker distinguishes between the sema

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1.79m, 1.8m, and 1.81m. Suppose <strong>the</strong> context set prior to my assertion is one where<br />

Bill’s height is unknown. I discover he is 1.82m and exclaim ‘Bill is tall’. If <strong>the</strong> content<br />

of my assertion is <strong>the</strong> <strong>sema</strong>ntic content <strong>the</strong>n Weak Uniformity is violated. So, by<br />

<strong>Stalnaker</strong>’s lights, I assert a diagonal proposition and given Don’t Care, it doesn’t matter<br />

which.<br />

Now consider a world in <strong>the</strong> context set where <strong>the</strong> sharp cut-off for ‘tall’ is 1.79m. Given<br />

our model, epistemically accessible worlds from that world will have a different profile to<br />

<strong>the</strong> actual case: <strong>the</strong>y will include worlds where <strong>the</strong> cut-off is restricted to <strong>the</strong> values<br />

1.78m, 1.79m, and 1.8m. At that world, for familiar reasons, asserted content will not be<br />

<strong>sema</strong>ntic content, but ra<strong>the</strong>r a diagonal content. However given that <strong>the</strong> set of worlds in<br />

<strong>the</strong> context set at that world do not include all of <strong>the</strong> worlds in <strong>the</strong> actual context set, <strong>the</strong><br />

worlds that fall within <strong>the</strong> ambit of Don’t Care for inhabitants of that world will include<br />

some worlds (namely those in which <strong>the</strong> cut-off is 1.81m) that fall within <strong>the</strong> actual<br />

context set. It is now an easy matter to construct a diagonal proposition for members of<br />

that world that differs from <strong>the</strong> diagonal proposition actually asserted (for example, given<br />

Don’t Care, we can assert a diagonal at <strong>the</strong> 1.79 cut-off world that it is true if and only if<br />

Bill is above 1.9m at <strong>the</strong> 1.81m worlds. Our actual assertion of ‘Bill is tall’ is true at <strong>the</strong><br />

1.81m cut-off worlds, but that 1.79m-world assertion is false at <strong>the</strong> 1.81m cut-off<br />

worlds). The upshot is that Weak Uniformity will be violated.<br />

A similar story will apply to supervaluationism. Without going into details, that<br />

framework posits a range of acceptable precisifcations for a predicate at a world, without<br />

privileging any one of <strong>the</strong>m <strong>sema</strong>ntically. <strong>In</strong> this setting, let us think of <strong>the</strong> meaning of a<br />

predicate as given by its range of acceptable precifications. Our use somehow determines<br />

a range of acceptable precisifications. It has to be allowed, course, that small,<br />

imperceptible differences in use sometimes makes for small differences in <strong>the</strong> range of<br />

acceptable precifications (After all, one can construct a series of cases, with each adjacent<br />

case imperceptibly different but where <strong>the</strong> meanings of <strong>the</strong> cases at each end are wildly<br />

different. So small differences have to make a difference in meaning). The upshot is that,<br />

within <strong>the</strong> context set, <strong>the</strong> meaning of a vague predicate will not be constant. Moreover,<br />

<strong>the</strong>re will be worlds that are just far enough away from <strong>the</strong> actual world to be outside <strong>the</strong><br />

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