Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered - The Preterist Archive

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Abbreviations, Symbols and Ciphers Beyer, Texte - K. Beyer, Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1984) DJD - Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (of Jordan ) DSSIP - S. A. Reed, Dead Sea Scroll Inventory Project: Lists of Documents, Photographs and Museum Plates (Claremont: Ancient Biblical Manuscript Center, 1991 -) ER - R. H. Eisenman and J. M. Robinson, A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 Volumes (Washington, D.C: 1991) Milik, Books - J. T. Milik, The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976) Milik, MS - J. T. Milik, 'Milki-sedeq et Milki-resha dans les anciens écrits juifs et chrétiens,' Journal of Jewish Studies 23 (1972) 95-144. Milik, Years - J. T. Milik, Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea (London: SCM, 1959) PAM - Palestine Archaeological Museum (designation used for accession numbers of photographs of Scrolls) 4Q - Qumran Cave Four. Texts are then numbered, e.g., 4Q390 = manuscript number 390 found in Cave Four [ ] - Missing letters or words vacat - Uninscribed leather Ancient scribal erasure or modern editor's deletion < > - Supralinear text or modern editor's addition III - Ancient ciphers used in some texts for digits 1 -9 -/ - Ancient cipher used in some texts for the number '10' 3 - Ancient cipher used in some texts for the number '20' ... - Traces of ink visible, but letters cannot be read -// - Ancient cipher used in some texts for the number '100'
Introduction Why should anyone be interested in the Dead Sea Scrolls? Why are they important? We trust that the present volume, which presents fifty texts from the previously unpublished corpus, will help answer these questions. The story of the discovery of the Scrolls in caves along the shores of the Dead Sea in the late forties and early fifties is well known. The first cave was discovered, as the story goes, by Bedouin boys in 1947. Most familiar works in Qumran research come from this cave - Qumran, the Arabic term for the locale in which the Scrolls were found, being used by scholars as shorthand to refer to the Scrolls. Discoveries from other caves are less well known, but equally important. For instance, Cave 3 was discovered in 1952. It contained a Copper Scroll, a list apparently of hiding places of Temple treasure. The problem has always been to fit this Copper Scroll into its proper historical setting. The present work should help in resolving this and other similar questions. The most important cave for our purposes was Cave 4 discovered in 1954. Since it was discovered after the partition of Palestine, its contents went into the Jordanian-controlled Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem; while the contents of Cave 1 had previously gone into an Israeli-controlled museum in West Jerusalem, the Israel Museum. Scholars refer to these manuscript-bearing caves according to the chronological order in which they were discovered: e.g. 1Q = Cave 1, 2Q = Cave 2, 3 Q = Cave 3, and so on. The seemingly esoteric code designating manuscripts and fragments, therefore, works as follows: 1QS = the Community Rule from Cave 1; 4QD = the Damascus Document from Cave 4, as opposed, for instance, to CD, the recensions of the same document discovered at the end of the last century in the repository known as the Cairo Genizah. The discovery of this obviously ancient document with Judaeo-Christian overtones among medieval materials puzzled observers at the time. Later, fragments of it were found among materials from Cave 4, but researchers continued using the Cairo Genizah versions because the Qumran fragments were never published. We now present pictures of the last column of this document (plates 19 and 20) in this work, and it figured prominently in events leading up to the final publication of the unpublished plates. The struggle for access to the materials in Cave 4 was long and arduous, sometimes even bitter. An International Team of editors had been set up by the Jordanian Government to control the process. The problems with this team are public knowledge. To put them in a nutshell: in the first place the team was hardly international, secondly it did not work well as a team, and thirdly it dragged out the editing process interminably. In 198 5 -8 6, Professor Robert Eisenman, co-editor of this volume, was in Jerusalem as a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow at the William F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research - the 'American School' where the Scrolls from Cave 1 were originally brought for inspection in 1947. The subject of his research was the relationship of the Community at Qumran to
Page 1 and 2: Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered by Rober
Page 3 and 4: ● ● Index (Removed) Plates Pict
Page 5: The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered The
Page 9 and 10: consignments, then more insistently
Page 11 and 12: Texts and fragments are translated
Page 13 and 14: entire corpus of pictures completel
Page 15 and 16: 'Perfection of the Way' and 'zeal f
Page 17 and 18: as Judgement' throughout, so that t
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 - Messianic and Visionary
Page 21: He is to a certain extent a superna
Page 25 and 26: 1991. Since then much discussion ha
Page 27: Chapter 3 below. Not only is it use
Page 30 and 31: [the sl]ai[n of the] Kitti[m] . . .
Page 32 and 33: Translation Fragment 1 (1) ... the
Page 34: Covenant' incumbent on all 'the Rig
Page 37 and 38: a book of the utmost importance for
Page 39 and 40: presumably an Angel - possibly even
Page 43 and 44: Translation Column 2 (9)...sixteen
Page 45 and 46: Righteous), etc. These themes shoul
Page 47 and 48: Translation Fragment 1 (1) ... to t
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 - Prophets and Pseudo-Pro
Page 51: this document, are also the backbon
Page 54 and 55: person, where it would appear to be
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Fragment 3 (1)...(2)... the Lord, a
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) and my p
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kingdoms (see also the Vision of th
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Translation (1)... Daniel befo[re..
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God, War Scroll, etc.., whether tak
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Translation Fragment 1 Column 1 (5)
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araméens de Qumran 4', Revue Bibli
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another example of rewriting and de
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analysis of the scheme of this cale
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as yet been revealed. The Damascus
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Put another way, one has irrefutabl
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Column 1 (1) in the 480th [year] of
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this are important, as is the provo
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Translation Column 1 (Fragments 1 a
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18. Enochic Book Of Giants (4Q532)
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) . . . al
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son, on the day of the festival of
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Translation Column 2 (or later) (1)
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(references are to primeval dates,
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Chapter 4 - Calendrical Texts and P
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(9) Jeshua, (10) Shecaniah, (11) El
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secon[d] (year): The first lunar mo
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[Remembrance]. In H[uppah is the Da
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the thirtieth = the seventh of the
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confirms 'were dominated in all thi
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Fragment 2 (1) [. . . the four]th [
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[On the sixteenth is the Sabbath of
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determined the name according to th
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third, the sign of Shecaniah;] (2)
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Previous Discussions: J. T. Milik,
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In 2 Chr. 16:4 Abel Mayin is design
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Fragment 1 Column 2 (8) [Your] a[ye
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The use of the word 'swallow' in Co
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you will rejoice [in your God. Now]
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upper-class establishment and the m
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30. Testament Of Amram (4Q543, 545-
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Translation Manuscript C Column 1 (
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The surviving portions of the Qumra
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Translation Column 2 (or later) (1)
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particular, is important, when it c
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Translation Column 1 (1) [The word]
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Translation Fragment 1 (2) . . . wi
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the word 'Satan' and further adumbr
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Translation Column 1 (1) [Now, hear
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Angel around . . . (5) a Wat[cher]
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Chapter 6 - Works Reckoned as Right
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of the Second Letter looks very lik
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tangible throughout the document. H
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issue of gifts from Gentiles. Also,
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a sabbath; (100) on the tenth (101)
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36. The Second Letter On Works Reck
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Translation (2) . . . because they
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the Way in the wilderness'. The ref
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lood of her purification. [She shou
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39. Laws Of The Red Heifer (Purity
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un]clean until the eve[n]ing. The m
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guilty of breaking it all.' This pa
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'exact sense of the Law'. The actua
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(37) A Pleasing Fragrance (Halakhah
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Merkabah mysticism. It is a work of
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Secrets', 'secret Truth', 'Treasure
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Surely [they are the to]t of Darkne
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. (5) Your Holiness . . . (6) you h
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published Hymns from Cave 1 by the
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) . . . Un
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'obscure Mysteries' - even 'the Mys
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Translation The Eternal Planting Fr
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destroyed, and the sons of Wickedne
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e covered, but by your arbitration
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Chapter 8 - Divination, Magic and M
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was slowly moving in relation to th
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Translation Fragment 1 (5) [and on
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Translation Column 1 (Fragments 1-4
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) Ham and
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It will be recalled that the term '
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Way], and also to mix the . . . (7)
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imaginary or allegorical; or about
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we have seen, in i.6-7 of the Damas
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Previous Discussion: J. Starcky, 'L
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Text 33 Text 34 Text35a Text 33: Th
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