Classification of implants according to position: I. Endodontic ...

Classification of implants according to
position:
I. Endodontic stabilizer
II.Mucosal inserts
III- Subperioteal implant.
IV- Transosteal implant.
V- Endosteal implants

I-Endodontic stabilizer
• It is a Smooth or threaded metallic pin implant
that extends through the root canal into the
periapical bone to stabilize the mobile tooth.
This was first used by Cuswell and Senia in
1983

II-Mucosal inserts (Mucoperiosteal -
implant interface)
• They are stainless steel inserts attached to the
tissue surface of a removable prosthesis that
mechanically engage undercuts in surgically
prepared mucosal sites.

III- Subperiosteal implants:
• Its framework is made of cobalt chromium
molybdenum based alloy resting on the
alveolar bone beneath the periosteum, with
abutment posts and intraoral bars to attach a
abutment posts and intraoral bars to attach a
prosthesis

Because there is often not enough bone in which to place an
endosteal implant, dentists turned to placing implants on and
around bone. Silicon impression material is used for this record.
The metal frame was casted with four abutments designed to
perforate the covering mucoperiostium to give support to a
denture.
The second stage was performed for fixation of the casted metal
frame to rest on bone and to be covered by the mucoperiosteal
tissues.

IV-Transmandibular (transosseous)
dental implants “stapleboneplates”:
• - The staple bone plate is used to rehabilitate
the atrophic edentulous mandible.
• - It is a transosteal threaded posts which
penetrate the full thickness of the mandible
and pass into the oral cavity in the
parasymphysial area

V- Endosteal (Endosseous) implants:
- The implant is placed into the alveolar bone and
composed of anchorage component (body) and a
retentive component (abutment).
- Endosseous implants are the most frequently used
implants today for fixed, fixed detachable
prosthesis, overdenture and incases of single tooth
replacement

1- Classification of endosseous
implants according to
their design:
A- Blade form endosseous implants.
B -Root form endosseous implants.
1-Cylinders endosseous implants
2- Screws or spiral post endosseous implants.

Blade form endosteal implant.
• It is a wedge shaped implant composed of head, neck and
body with vents which develops fibro osseous integration
with bone.
• The blade implant is a mean of utilizing the narrow and/
or shallow areas of remaining alveolar bone where
dimensions do not permit the use of root form implants.
• The blade implant was restorable within a month of
placement by the superstructure.

Endosseous Ramus Frame Implants
The Ramus Frame implant was developed in 1970and was
first fabricated from stainless steel. In 1982, the fabrication
process was changed to titantium

Root form implants
The endosteal implant shaped in the approximate shape of the
tooth root ,
- It may be used for fixed, removable or fixed detachable
prosthesis.
- It requires more than 10 mm vertical bone height, more than
6mm buccolingual thickness, and more then 8mm mesiodistal
width to avoid undesirable complications.

Cylinders endosseous implants.

Screws or spiral post endosseous
implants.

2- Classification of endosseous
implants according to
their material
• a- Pure titanium: the titanium oxide surface
was responsible for the formation of the
direct bone- implant interface.
• b- Titanium alloy: the titanium alloys exist in
three forms: alpha, beta and alpha beta
phases and they all originate when pure
titanium is heated and mixed with aluminium
and vanadium

3- Classification of endosseous
implants according to
surface characteristics:
• a- Sand blasted surface.
• b- Titanium Plasma Sprayed surface (TPS), it
has satisfactory results regarding the
osseointegration and the clinical prognosis.
• c- Titanium oxide surface: coating the
implants to make the inert metal a bioactive
one.
• d- Hydroxyapetite coating

4- Classification of endosseous
implants according to
the insertion technique:
a- Press fit technique, in this type of unthreaded implants, the implant site is
drilled slightly smaller than the actual implant size, where the implant is
pressed into the recipient site with slight friction.
b- Self tapping technique, in this type of threaded implants, the implant
threads are used to tap its site during insertion.
c- Pre-tapping technique, in case of very dense bone, the implant sites are
better to be previously tapped using the bone tap instrument before insertion
of the threaded implant.

5- Classification of endosseous
implants according to
surgical stages:
a- Single stage design (none submerged – transgingival):
the body of the implant is inserted into the bone with
its abutment portion penetrating through the
mucoperiosteum during the healing period.
.

- Two stage design: in this design the implant
body is completely embedded in bone for
complete osseointegration. The implant body
is then exposed and the healing abutment is
placed for soft tissue healing before the
impression is made for prosthesis fabrication

Classification of endosseous implants
according to
the time of installation:
a- Immediate implants, they are placed into a prepared
extraction socket following tooth extraction.
b- Immediate delayed implants, they are placed within 6-
12 weeks after the tooth loss.
c- Delayed implants, they are placed within 6-12 months
after tooth extraction, when complete healing and bone
remodeling occur.

Classification of endosseous implants
according to
time of prosthetic loading:
a- Immediately loaded implants, an acrylic resin prosthesis
which is designed to be out of occlusion is placed
immediately after implant placement, specially in anterior
region for esthetic purposes.
b- Delayed loading implant, delayed loading is done in
maxillary implants after 4-6 months and in mandibular
implants after 3-4 months to allow for better osseointegration