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24<br />

Vol.10 Issue 1<br />

SPRING/SUMMER<br />

2013<br />

01<br />

15<br />

17<br />

SPECIAL FEATURE<br />

<strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> <strong>Student</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />

<strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>:<br />

Striving to better our world through<br />

research and innov<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />

Topics<br />

<strong>Student</strong> Voice


<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong> currently has 486 gradu<strong>at</strong>e<br />

level students from 42 different countries and regions<br />

around the globe who make-up 16% of the gradu<strong>at</strong>e<br />

school student popul<strong>at</strong>ion (as of May 1st, 2013). In terms<br />

of student numbers, most students come from Japan’s close<br />

neighbors in East Asia: China (236 students) and Korea<br />

(46 students). However, the third largest number of intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />

students <strong>at</strong> the gradu<strong>at</strong>e school level comes from<br />

Indonesia (31 students).<br />

Although some of these intern<strong>at</strong>ional students do possess<br />

the language skills to enter Japanese-based gradu<strong>at</strong>e programs,<br />

there are many programs set up <strong>at</strong> Ritsumiekan for<br />

those whose preferred language of study is English. English<br />

based programs are available in the <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> Schools of <strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong><br />

Rel<strong>at</strong>ions, Policy Science, Economics, Technology<br />

Management, Science and Engineering, Inform<strong>at</strong>ion Science<br />

and Engineering, and Life Sciences. Please click here<br />

(http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/eng/html/admissions/degree.html/) to<br />

visit the admissions page of the <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> English website<br />

for more inform<strong>at</strong>ion of English-based programs available.<br />

For many of the potential students who are considering undertaking<br />

gradu<strong>at</strong>e and post-gradu<strong>at</strong>e studies in Japan, financial<br />

support of some kind is critical to their academic endeavors.<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong> works closely with institutions<br />

like the World Bank and the Ministry of Educ<strong>at</strong>ion to provide<br />

a variety of scholarship options. Furthermore, as of the academic<br />

year 2013 <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> has reinvented its own scholarship<br />

program to offer 100% tuition reduction to 10 Doctoral<br />

and 20 Master’s students. With these funds, students are<br />

able to focus more on the results of their research and get a<br />

lot more out of their time <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>. Please click here<br />

(http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/eng/html/admissions/financial.html/) to<br />

visit the financial support page of the <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />

English website for further details.<br />

Aside from various forms of financial aid, <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> also<br />

provides various types of student support. This support<br />

ranges from medical and counseling services in both Japanese<br />

and English, to English writing, Japanese language, and<br />

other courses th<strong>at</strong> are free for intern<strong>at</strong>ional students. These<br />

courses are especially helpful for intern<strong>at</strong>ional students as<br />

many of them are coming from countries where English<br />

is not their mother tongue and Japanese language is not<br />

generally taught in school. An intern<strong>at</strong>ional dorm is also<br />

available for interested students. This dorm provides a safe<br />

environment for students to carry out their research activities<br />

and student life.<br />

By having such a wide variety of students undertaking their<br />

research <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong> the campus itself has<br />

evolved into an intern<strong>at</strong>ional setting where it is hoped th<strong>at</strong><br />

multicultural coexistence can be accepted as an everyday<br />

environment. Through stimul<strong>at</strong>ing students’ campus life by<br />

helping to develop their multicultural understanding and<br />

foreign language communic<strong>at</strong>ion skills it is hoped th<strong>at</strong> a<br />

transform<strong>at</strong>ion in the minds of the student body <strong>at</strong> large will<br />

take place and the university will grow into a truly global<br />

research university.<br />

2<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

<strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> <strong>Student</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />

<strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>:<br />

Striving to better our world through research and innov<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />

In this growing age of globaliz<strong>at</strong>ion the traditional borders of educ<strong>at</strong>ion have been stripped away, and more than ever, students are<br />

traveling away from their home countries to delve into research <strong>at</strong> the forefront of their respective fields. In a conscious effort to<br />

cre<strong>at</strong>e a truly multicultural campus, <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong> has been accepting intern<strong>at</strong>ional students <strong>at</strong> both the undergradu<strong>at</strong>e and<br />

gradu<strong>at</strong>e levels for many years. In particular, <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> has taken gre<strong>at</strong> steps to <strong>at</strong>tract top research students <strong>at</strong> the gradu<strong>at</strong>e school<br />

levels. These students come from the world over to carry out research th<strong>at</strong> will not only benefit those in Japan, but will also be taken<br />

back to their home countries and benefit the people of those communities as well.<br />

RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY<br />

NEWSLETTER<br />

SPRING/SUMMER 2013<br />

Cover Picture<br />

The cover picture shows Ph.D student Md.<br />

Mahmudul Hasan as he works on further<br />

developing a simple to make and easy to use<br />

ceramic filter th<strong>at</strong> he hopes will one day help<br />

those in need of safe and clean w<strong>at</strong>er around the<br />

world over.<br />

Order of Names<br />

In this public<strong>at</strong>ion, the name order for<br />

personal names preserves the original order<br />

of the n<strong>at</strong>ionality in question. For example,<br />

Japanese, Chinese, and Korean names are<br />

presented in the surname/given name order,<br />

while the given name/surname order is used<br />

for people from Western countries.<br />

The word ritsumei comes from a passage in the<br />

Jinxin chapter of the Discourses of Mencius. This<br />

passage st<strong>at</strong>es, ”Some die young, as some live<br />

long lives. This is decided by f<strong>at</strong>e. Therefore,<br />

one’s duty consists of cultiv<strong>at</strong>ing one’s<br />

mind during this mortal span and thereby<br />

establishing one’s destiny.” Thus, <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

means ”the place to establish one’s destiny.”<br />

Organiz<strong>at</strong>ion of <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

The <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Trust is the legal entity th<strong>at</strong> oper<strong>at</strong>es the entire<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Academy, which is comprised of <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>,<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Asia Pacific <strong>University</strong>, and the affili<strong>at</strong>e secondary<br />

schools. In this public<strong>at</strong>ion, ”<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>” is used to refer to the<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Academy, while RU and APU refer to <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

<strong>University</strong> and <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Asia Pacific <strong>University</strong>, respectively.<br />

Published by<br />

Office of Public Rel<strong>at</strong>ions,<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />

Designed by<br />

Delights, Inc.<br />

*In this public<strong>at</strong>ion, the Japanese Ministry of Educ<strong>at</strong>ion, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is referred to as the Ministry of Educ<strong>at</strong>ion.


Maharani Retna Duhita (Nana)<br />

4<br />

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Name Maharani Retna Duhita (Nana)<br />

Country Indonesia<br />

Faculty <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Life Sciences<br />

<strong>Research</strong> Field Immuneuroendocrinology / Biomedical Science<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

Maharani Retna Duhita (or Nana, as she is known to her friends) is a 1st year Master’s student<br />

in the <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Life Sciences and is currently investig<strong>at</strong>ing complex and yet undiscovered<br />

rel<strong>at</strong>ions between our immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. By bringing these<br />

rel<strong>at</strong>ions to light it is hoped th<strong>at</strong> new cures and tre<strong>at</strong>ments for a variety of diseases will be<br />

discovered.<br />

Uncovering disease mechanics to discover<br />

new therapies and cures.<br />

Q<br />

Please explain your research.<br />

A My research area is about immunoneuroendocrinology,<br />

so I want to know the close rel<strong>at</strong>ion between<br />

immune systems, endocrine systems, and nervous<br />

systems. Previous studies showed th<strong>at</strong> immune<br />

receptors can not only be found in immune systems<br />

but can also be found in endocrine and nervous systems,<br />

and nervous and endocrine systems can also be<br />

found in immune systems. Now, I work with insulin<br />

hormones. I try to culture several immune cells and<br />

measure the insulin level in those cultures. In the<br />

future I want to study the leptin levels in those immune<br />

cell cultures and understand the correl<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

between insulin and leptin levels in immune systems.


Uncovering disease mechanics to discover<br />

new therapies and cures.<br />

Maharani Retna Duhita (Nana)<br />

Why did you choose to focus your<br />

Q research on this topic?<br />

A In my opinion, if I can understand the whole<br />

mechanism about immunoneuroendocrinology systems<br />

in humans, it will be helpful in the future. By<br />

activity. Not only in research activity, they also<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> do you plan to do when you return<br />

understanding this mechanism I could explain briefly<br />

about the p<strong>at</strong>hological mechanism of diseases and<br />

They also study English with me. It was very nice Q Japan after completing your research<br />

teach me Japanese language and Japanese culture.<br />

home? Or do you plan on working in<br />

hopefully I can discover the best therapeutic str<strong>at</strong>egy<br />

when I saw they can speak English fluently now.<br />

here <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>?<br />

for several diseases. It’s my dream since child-<br />

hood to be useful for other people and help them to<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> are some challenges you are facing<br />

Q A I will take my Ph.D after I finish my Master’s<br />

solve their problems. And this is my way to realize<br />

everyone always gives me strong support to study<br />

with your research<br />

Degree <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>. After completing<br />

th<strong>at</strong> dream.<br />

here and do my own research. They always encourage<br />

me if I have problems in my class or in my re-<br />

university, set up my own labor<strong>at</strong>ory, try challenging<br />

my Ph.D I will go back to my country and teach in<br />

Have you had any opportunities to<br />

search activity. I am not sure I would have conditions<br />

similar to Japan in Indonesia. Actually I think<br />

my research area.<br />

A My research activity is rel<strong>at</strong>ed with hormones,<br />

and immune cells, so the most important<br />

6<br />

something new, and discover new things rel<strong>at</strong>ed with<br />

5 present your research <strong>at</strong> RU/outside of<br />

Q RU?<br />

it would be totally different. In Indonesia, I would<br />

thing is accuracy, because if small mistakes occur in<br />

have to struggle with many problems th<strong>at</strong> can inhibit<br />

my study and research because many people don’t<br />

one step, it will affect all the following steps and destroy<br />

whole systems. Because I also work with cell<br />

A Last semester, I presented my research in my<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>, <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> Project Class, in<br />

front of the President of <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>, un-<br />

understand the importance of research activities.<br />

cultures, the challenges is to avoid any form of contamin<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />

On the other hand, the most difficult<br />

dergradu<strong>at</strong>e and gradu<strong>at</strong>e students, and also several<br />

different companies. This was a gre<strong>at</strong> opportunity to<br />

explain about my research in front of other people.<br />

In the end of this 2nd semester, I plan to <strong>at</strong>tend an<br />

intern<strong>at</strong>ional conference outside Japan, which is rel<strong>at</strong>ed<br />

to my research area.<br />

How is carrying out this research <strong>at</strong><br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> different than if you were<br />

Q back in Indonesia?<br />

A I am very gr<strong>at</strong>eful I can take my Master’s<br />

Degree and do my own research in Japan. In Japan,<br />

How are the other Japanese/<br />

intern<strong>at</strong>ional students assisting you with<br />

Q your research?<br />

A They are very helpful. They always assist<br />

and help me when I have a problem in my research<br />

thing in scientific research is to find something new,<br />

because our research activity will be in vain if another<br />

researcher has already published the same results<br />

as research. Th<strong>at</strong>’s why I must check all the<br />

liter<strong>at</strong>ure and keywords for my research to see if they<br />

are already published or not.<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure


Robert Oliver Ladig<br />

8<br />

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Name Robert Oliver Ladig<br />

Country Germany<br />

Faculty <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Science and Engineering<br />

<strong>Research</strong> Field Integr<strong>at</strong>ed Sensors and Image Analysis<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

Robert Oliver Ladig is a 1st year gradu<strong>at</strong>e student from Germany currently working on the<br />

development of an autonomous flying robot, a so-called quadrotor. Although centered on “Integr<strong>at</strong>ed<br />

Sensors and Image Analysis,” this research also extends through the study of flight<br />

dynamics, computer programing, robotics and even the development and cre<strong>at</strong>ion of components<br />

through the use of st<strong>at</strong>e-of-the-art, in-lab 3D printers.<br />

Developing autonomous flying robots for<br />

search and rescue in disaster areas.<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> is the focus of your research here<br />

Q <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>?<br />

A Here <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> I am working on an indoor<br />

navig<strong>at</strong>ion algorithm for flying robots. A current<br />

hurdle with the use of flying robots is indoor flight. Although<br />

outdoor navig<strong>at</strong>ion is r<strong>at</strong>her simple through the<br />

use of the Global Positioning System (GPS), once a robot<br />

is moved indoors or other confined spaces it can no<br />

longer utilize GPS or other tracking systems th<strong>at</strong> rely<br />

on s<strong>at</strong>ellite transmissions from space. There are many<br />

approaches to solving the issues of indoor tracking for<br />

robots, but my approach is to try and emul<strong>at</strong>e how insects<br />

navig<strong>at</strong>e in confined spaces. This is why my first<br />

prototype is called the “Ritsubachi” after the Japanese<br />

for honey-bee (mitsubachi/ 蜜 蜂 ). At this stage in my<br />

research, the current prototype is not very small, but<br />

the basic navig<strong>at</strong>ion will be similar to how insects navig<strong>at</strong>e<br />

through confined spaces.


Developing autonomous flying robots for<br />

search and rescue in disaster areas.<br />

Robert Oliver Ladig<br />

RITSUBACHI: This is the name given to the quadrotor pictured below.<br />

Made up of two parts, the name is a combin<strong>at</strong>ion of “<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>”<br />

and the word HACHI ( 蜂 ) which is Japanese for bee. As the<br />

flight algorithm being developed for this quadrotor is based on insect<br />

flight dynamics it would seem to be quite an appropri<strong>at</strong>e name.<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> is the main goal for your<br />

Q Ritsubachi quadrotor?<br />

A It is my hope th<strong>at</strong> someday my developments<br />

will be used in actual search and rescue missions and<br />

th<strong>at</strong> I may be able to contribute to the rescue of people<br />

in need after a disaster has occurred. My flight algorithm<br />

is being developed specifically for indoor navig<strong>at</strong>ion,<br />

so if there is a need to navig<strong>at</strong>e an unknown indoor<br />

environment, this algorithm should be able to<br />

really help people in trouble.<br />

The main object is to use this in disaster<br />

rescue, but how would this be utilized in<br />

Q a real world situ<strong>at</strong>ion?<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

A When there is a disaster and people are<br />

trapped inside buildings under fallen objects, it is essential<br />

to act as quickly as possible to rescue these<br />

people. When I finish my project, you could deploy not<br />

one, but several devices th<strong>at</strong> could find a building and<br />

go inside by GPS, then move in and switch to my indoor<br />

navig<strong>at</strong>ion algorithm. From there the Ritsubachi<br />

would make a structural map and find situ<strong>at</strong>ions of interest:<br />

For example, a person trapped in the building.<br />

As the quadrotor is airborne, there should be less hindrance<br />

inside the building (this is a big advantage over<br />

ground-based robots which need to worry about rubble<br />

and other debris) and thus return quickly so th<strong>at</strong> rescue<br />

teams may analyze the inform<strong>at</strong>ion and quickly<br />

send help to those in need.<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> are some of the new technologies<br />

you have been able to utilize in your<br />

Q project?<br />

A There is a chip I am using called a Field Programmable<br />

G<strong>at</strong>e Array (FPGA). Wh<strong>at</strong> is special about a<br />

FPGA is th<strong>at</strong> you can basically design the chip to be any<br />

kind of chip you want it to be. For example, the chip in<br />

your computer can do many things like games, m<strong>at</strong>hem<strong>at</strong>ics,<br />

graphics, pretty much anything. FPGAs on the<br />

other hand are very specific in use, so you program them<br />

to do only one thing. But it does this one thing very, very<br />

fast, and with low energy consumption costs.<br />

Also, all the sensors I am using are quite high tech.<br />

This project would not have been possible 10 years ago<br />

as the sensors would have been impossible for anyone<br />

(except the military) to afford. In this one quadrotor<br />

alone there are three gyro sensors, three accelerometers,<br />

a pressure sensor, a GPS, etc,. And even with<br />

all these sensors it is still rel<strong>at</strong>ively inexpensive for my<br />

research, or for organiz<strong>at</strong>ions th<strong>at</strong> would want to use it.<br />

Right now this prototype would only cost about 50,000<br />

yen. It is a very affordable system and th<strong>at</strong> is why I hope<br />

it will be utilized in many search and rescue missions in<br />

the future.<br />

Lastly, some parts I am using for my quadrotor are 3D<br />

printed. This means I designed some parts myself, such<br />

as the base the FPGA rests on, and then printed them<br />

out with our 3D printer here in the lab. This is very<br />

useful as you don’t have to order special parts or improvise<br />

with parts you find in the lab. You can design a part<br />

on the computer, test the stress levels before printing,<br />

then print it and have a very nice (and inexpensive)<br />

custom part to use.<br />

Is this the final size you would like the<br />

robot? How would you like to develop<br />

Q this further?<br />

A This is only a prototype size. At first it is very<br />

convenient to build it this size as I can easily add new sensors,<br />

etc., and not worry if it will be too heavy to fly or not.<br />

Of course, the goal is to make it much smaller. When I am<br />

finished testing and know the basic navig<strong>at</strong>ion algorithum<br />

works my goal it to make it smaller, but th<strong>at</strong> might be a<br />

goal for my Ph.D, which I also hope to be able to carry out<br />

<strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>.<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> are some challenges you are<br />

Q finding with your research?<br />

A There are lots of challenges, but in particular one<br />

thing I underestim<strong>at</strong>ed was flight dynamics. As a computer<br />

engineer, I understand my computer, programing,<br />

and engineering. But flight dynamics is quite new for me<br />

so th<strong>at</strong> has been quite a challenge since I started the project.<br />

To overcome this I read a lot of books on helicopter<br />

dynamics, which was actually a lot of fun as helicopters<br />

were a big interest of mine as a child and I hope to one day<br />

get my helicopter license when I have the opportunity. It<br />

is a challenge but still enjoyable.<br />

How has studying <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> and<br />

not in Germany helped you with your<br />

Q research?<br />

A First of all I don’t think I would have been able to<br />

do this kind of research in Germany. At <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> I feel<br />

I am given the opportunity to do a lot more than if I was<br />

in Germany. Here I am able to do my own research project<br />

on my own responsibility. Furthermore, when I need any<br />

parts for my robot, I ask my professor and most of the time<br />

I am able to integr<strong>at</strong>e this part quickly in my project. This<br />

is just not the case in Germany. In Germany, it is very hard<br />

to get financing for your projects, especially if it is only a<br />

gradu<strong>at</strong>e project. So I don’t think I could do my research<br />

as I do here <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>. It gives me lots of opportunities<br />

and freedom to do my research in Japan. Furthermore,<br />

Japan is one of the few countries where my research can<br />

not be exploited for military means, since the Japanese<br />

people forever renounced war in their constitution. I am<br />

putting in a lot of time and effort in my project, but I am<br />

always getting something positive out of this work.<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

9 10


Md. Mahmudul Hasan<br />

12<br />

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Name Md. Mahmudul Hasan<br />

Country Bangladesh<br />

Faculty <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Science and Engineering<br />

<strong>Research</strong> Field W<strong>at</strong>er Tre<strong>at</strong>ment and Reuse<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

MD. Mahmudul Hasan has finished his Master’s Degree <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong> and is currently<br />

in his 2nd year of his Ph.D program. He started his study <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />

through his master’s course and then continued onto the doctoral course. Initially working on<br />

the removal of arsenic from groundw<strong>at</strong>er with the use of a simple and inexpensive ceramic filter,<br />

he has expanded his research to include a wide variety of w<strong>at</strong>er sectors and one day hopes<br />

to take these filters back to Bangladesh to help improve the quality of life for all of its people.<br />

Providing clean w<strong>at</strong>er through the development<br />

of innov<strong>at</strong>ive yet inexpensive ceramic filters.<br />

Wh<strong>at</strong> is the focus of your research into<br />

Q the tre<strong>at</strong>ment of w<strong>at</strong>er?<br />

A My research is focused on the development of<br />

simple, innov<strong>at</strong>ive, inexpensive and effective technologies<br />

for wastew<strong>at</strong>er reclam<strong>at</strong>ion and reuse based on the<br />

“3R” (reduce, reuse & recycle) principle. In our labor<strong>at</strong>ory<br />

we developed a simple ceramic filter made of clay soil<br />

and rice bran (80:20 by weight) for the removal of arsenic<br />

from groundw<strong>at</strong>er. Outside of our lab, the ceramic filter<br />

achieved high levels of arsenic removal over one full year<br />

of oper<strong>at</strong>ion in a rural area of Bangladesh. The successful<br />

results of this trial pushed us to apply this simple and low<br />

cost ceramic filter for wastew<strong>at</strong>er reclam<strong>at</strong>ion.<br />

From there, I investig<strong>at</strong>ed possible applic<strong>at</strong>ions of this<br />

simple ceramic filter with the membrane bioreactor<br />

(MBR) process, r<strong>at</strong>her than conventional membranes,<br />

under two different filtr<strong>at</strong>ion modes (gravit<strong>at</strong>ional and<br />

suction) with different oper<strong>at</strong>ional conditions through


Providing clean w<strong>at</strong>er through the development<br />

of innov<strong>at</strong>ive yet inexpensive ceramic filters.<br />

Md. Mahmudul Hasan<br />

lab scale experiments. The successful results confirmed<br />

th<strong>at</strong> its applic<strong>at</strong>ion makes the MBR process cost-effective<br />

and energy-efficient enough to effectively make use of the<br />

w<strong>at</strong>er in Bangladesh, but when we switched to tre<strong>at</strong>ing<br />

wastew<strong>at</strong>er we felt this size was too small, so we made the<br />

filters longer, and also reshaped it as a fl<strong>at</strong>-type filter.<br />

and if this is successful, we will have three different sources<br />

of w<strong>at</strong>er we are able to tre<strong>at</strong> and reuse by using this<br />

simple and low-cost ceramic filter. The next step is now<br />

we work in groups of 5-6 people and share our work load.<br />

In this way new students are able to work with senior students<br />

in the lab and learn firsthand from their research<br />

filter in developing countries. And now the applic<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

proposing this technology in a commercial sense to help and acquired knowledge.<br />

This filter is very easy to make with a very simple manufacturing<br />

process. Rice bran and clay soil are two m<strong>at</strong>eri-<br />

of this ceramic filter is being tested for the Wastew<strong>at</strong>er<br />

developing countries like Bangladesh, Thailand, and<br />

Stabiliz<strong>at</strong>ion Ponds (WSPs) process to remove algae under<br />

different oper<strong>at</strong>ional factors through lab scale experi-<br />

real problems.<br />

Vietnam where a safe w<strong>at</strong>er supply and w<strong>at</strong>er scarcity are<br />

als in abundance in Bangladesh, and are cheap as well.<br />

When you finish here <strong>at</strong> RU will you<br />

So, cheap, easy to obtain m<strong>at</strong>erials and a simple manufacturing<br />

process are the keys to this project. To manufac-<br />

Q return to Bangladesh?<br />

ments.<br />

Besides wastew<strong>at</strong>er sectors, I am also looking <strong>at</strong> the tre<strong>at</strong>ment<br />

of surface w<strong>at</strong>er, such as pond w<strong>at</strong>er in rural areas a filter breaks, it is very easy and cheap to replace. This Q present your work here in Japan? A Yes, of course. I would like to make use of my<br />

ture one 10 cm by 10 cm filter, it costs less than $0.24. If<br />

Have you had any opportunities to<br />

of Bangladesh, using this ceramic filter. We already surveyed<br />

our study area (Khulna, Bangladesh) <strong>at</strong> two dif-<br />

be able to maintain, replace, and even produce by them-<br />

is something th<strong>at</strong> anyone in developing countries would<br />

research in Bangladesh and do wh<strong>at</strong> I can to improve the<br />

situ<strong>at</strong>ion there. However, before moving back I would like<br />

ferent times (dry season and wet season) to collect the selves, they don’t need to be highly skilled to do this kind<br />

A Yes, I presented <strong>at</strong> the 4th <strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> W<strong>at</strong>er to work here in Japan for two or three years to gain working<br />

pond d<strong>at</strong>a. After assessing the collected pond w<strong>at</strong>er d<strong>at</strong>a,<br />

we will select the pond for the tre<strong>at</strong>ment and propose a<br />

of work.<br />

Associ<strong>at</strong>ion (IWA) conference in Tokyo. At th<strong>at</strong> time I<br />

presented our successful removal of arsenic from groundw<strong>at</strong>er<br />

experience and professional knowledge. Just experi-<br />

mental knowledge is not enough, I need to understand<br />

in Bangladesh and the findings from our one-year the real technologies being utilized in the field. Also, as I<br />

design of a small tre<strong>at</strong>ment facility using the ceramic filter.<br />

Finally, we have planned to construct the tre<strong>at</strong>ment<br />

13<br />

If there a large necessity for this kind of<br />

14<br />

field test with our filters in 15 households in Bangladesh. have been studying here in Japan for 5 years now, I fully<br />

Q research?<br />

facility in our research area and evalu<strong>at</strong>e its sustainability.<br />

understand the university environment, yet I do not understand<br />

the Japanese working environment, but I need<br />

this knowledge as well as I wish to move into the professional<br />

world.<br />

A Yes, of course! If I focus on developing countries,<br />

especially my home country, Bangladesh, there is a large<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure<br />

Please explain how these ceramic filters<br />

Q are made.<br />

A As I said, this filter is made with rice bran and<br />

clay soil which is from Bangladesh. This is because the soil<br />

in Bangladesh has a much higher clay content and if we<br />

use soil with too much sand, the filter will not harden<br />

properly and it will become too brittle. To cre<strong>at</strong>e a filter a<br />

mold is made and shaped in a cylindrical shape with one<br />

end closed. The first filters we made ended up small <strong>at</strong> 10<br />

cm by 10 cm in dimension. These are then sun-dried for<br />

one or two days, then placed in an oven <strong>at</strong> 105 ℃ for one<br />

day, and then burnt <strong>at</strong> 900 ℃ for two hours. Initially,<br />

these filters were designed to remove arsenic from ground-<br />

problem with safe groundw<strong>at</strong>er. Until about 1970, people<br />

in Bangladesh utilized surface w<strong>at</strong>er, but <strong>at</strong> th<strong>at</strong> time organiz<strong>at</strong>ions<br />

such as UNICEF and the UN recommended the<br />

use of ground w<strong>at</strong>er because surface w<strong>at</strong>er can be contamin<strong>at</strong>ed<br />

by a variety of p<strong>at</strong>hogens. So, a huge amount of<br />

wells were dug in Bangladesh over the next 20 years or so.<br />

This has given access to safe w<strong>at</strong>er to 95% of the rural<br />

households, but unfortun<strong>at</strong>ely, in the early 1990s, the well<br />

w<strong>at</strong>er in Bangladesh was found to be highly contamin<strong>at</strong>ed<br />

with arsenic (As) and now millions of people are consuming<br />

arsenic-contamin<strong>at</strong>ed drinking w<strong>at</strong>er, which is very<br />

toxic for the human body. So, since 1990, a large amount<br />

of research has been carried out to figure out how to tre<strong>at</strong><br />

the contamin<strong>at</strong>ed groundw<strong>at</strong>er. Based on this initial problem,<br />

we have developed our filter to remove the arsenic<br />

from the drinking w<strong>at</strong>er. And from our successful results<br />

we found th<strong>at</strong> our filters could also be used for wastew<strong>at</strong>er<br />

tre<strong>at</strong>ment as well. So, once we solved the issue with arsenic<br />

in the drinking w<strong>at</strong>er, we have now moved to the<br />

tre<strong>at</strong>ment of wastew<strong>at</strong>er and we again succeeded to apply<br />

the filter in wastew<strong>at</strong>er sectors. Now we have actually<br />

started focusing on pond w<strong>at</strong>er (i.e. surface w<strong>at</strong>er) as well,<br />

How are your professor and fellow<br />

Q students helping you with your studies?<br />

A Well, I have had the same professor since 2008<br />

but I still feel there is a language barrier <strong>at</strong> times. Frankly<br />

speaking, Japanese is very difficult for me. Actually, this<br />

lab is very intern<strong>at</strong>ional with roughly 5-6 new intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />

students from several different countries joining<br />

the lab each year. This makes our lab a very intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />

environment, more so than most labs on campus, but we<br />

still face this challenge of the language barriers.<br />

Saying th<strong>at</strong>, through my courses and research I find th<strong>at</strong><br />

my professors are very knowledgeable and have been able<br />

to help me each step of the way. Also, my Japanese and intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />

lab partners are very helpful, as here in Japan<br />

Also, there is already an NGO helping us in Bangladesh,<br />

and we already got our p<strong>at</strong>ent for our arsenic removal<br />

filter. Now we are waiting for its verific<strong>at</strong>ion results by<br />

the Bangladesh government. Once we get this we can go<br />

through commercially to supply the low-cost filter to poor<br />

rural people. Besides this, industry is growing in Bangladesh<br />

so plants will need wastew<strong>at</strong>er tre<strong>at</strong>ment facilities,<br />

and now in Bangladesh and other developing countries<br />

the demand is growing for low-cost decentralized or centralized<br />

wastew<strong>at</strong>er tre<strong>at</strong>ment facilities <strong>at</strong> the municipal<br />

level, so if this cheap and innov<strong>at</strong>ive technology can help<br />

them and thus the country <strong>at</strong> large, this is gre<strong>at</strong>!<br />

Special Fe<strong>at</strong>ure


T O P I C S<br />

R i t s u m e i k a n U n i v e r s i t y<br />

R i t s u m e i k a n A s i a P a c i f i c U n i v e r s i t y<br />

RU<br />

Japan Semester of the Campus Asia Program Starts!<br />

APU<br />

APU selected as Executive Trustee School of the Associ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

of Asia-Pacific Business Schools<br />

From Tuesday, May 7th, students chosen from <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

<strong>University</strong>, Guangdong <strong>University</strong> of Foreign Studies<br />

(China) and Dongseo <strong>University</strong> (Korea) started the second<br />

semester (Japan) of the Campus Asia program which is being<br />

held <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>’s Kinugasa Campus for the next<br />

three months.<br />

The <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Asia Pacific <strong>University</strong> (APU) College of <strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong><br />

Management (APM) and <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Management (GSM) have<br />

been collectively selected as an Executive Trustee School <strong>at</strong> the Annual<br />

Conference of the Associ<strong>at</strong>ion of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS),<br />

an intern<strong>at</strong>ional associ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

dedic<strong>at</strong>ed to the<br />

Kenji, <strong>at</strong>tended the AAPBS Annual Conference and addressed the audience<br />

following APU’s selection as an Executive Trustee School: “We are<br />

honored to have this opportunity to develop gre<strong>at</strong>er links with such<br />

globally renowned business schools. We look forward to contributing to<br />

AAPBS by providing fellow members with Japanese and Asian business<br />

case studies we have developed <strong>at</strong> GSM”.<br />

To start the Japan semester of the Campus Asia program,<br />

promotion of business<br />

APU has been a member of AAPBS since 2008 and will begin its term as<br />

the director of the program here in Japan, Professor K<strong>at</strong>surajima<br />

Nobuhiro (Dean, College of Letters) gave a short<br />

in the Asia Pacific re-<br />

educ<strong>at</strong>ion and research<br />

an Executive Trustee School in January 2013. A total of 14 institutes in<br />

10 different countries/regions serve as Executive Trustee Schools including<br />

only two in Japan – Keio <strong>University</strong> and APU. As an Executive Trustee<br />

opening speech to all the particip<strong>at</strong>ing students. Professor<br />

gion. This selection reflects<br />

the recognition<br />

K<strong>at</strong>surajima st<strong>at</strong>ed th<strong>at</strong> “with its rich 1,300 years of history,<br />

School, APU will play an increasing role in the management of AAPBS<br />

Kyoto is known as the cultural heart of Japan and is thus a<br />

APU has received for<br />

and the Annual Conferences.<br />

perfect spot for everyone to study and absorb the culture<br />

its intern<strong>at</strong>ional educ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

and history of East Asia. It can be said th<strong>at</strong> the governmental<br />

rel<strong>at</strong>ions between our three countries are less than ideal <strong>at</strong><br />

systems and the<br />

APU <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School<br />

the moment, but I feel this program is a good step in fostering<br />

cordial rel<strong>at</strong>ions throughout East Asia in the near future.<br />

students can study Japa-<br />

of Management, where<br />

The official Associ<strong>at</strong>ion of Asia Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS) website:<br />

http://www.aapbs.org/<br />

Please utilize the short time you have here and work with all<br />

nese business entirely in<br />

As the program gets in motion, students will particip<strong>at</strong>e in field work<br />

your energy towards your goals.”<br />

English.<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Asia Pacific <strong>University</strong>, College of <strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> Management (APM)<br />

to learn about Kyoto’s culture and history, while using history textbooks<br />

15 Facts and Figures:<br />

16<br />

Following this, faculty and staff members of the Campus Asia program published by Yamakawa Shuppansha(Ltd.) to learn about modern history.<br />

Furthermore, outside of class, students will also have the opportu-<br />

<strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> Manage-<br />

Dean of the College of<br />

http://www.apu.ac.jp/home/study/index.php?content_id=7<br />

gave self-introductions, which were followed by a short guidance on<br />

living in Japan. After the guidance, students were separ<strong>at</strong>ed based on nity to particip<strong>at</strong>e in local festivals, to visit disaster-affected regions of<br />

ment and <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Asia Pacific <strong>University</strong>, <strong>Gradu<strong>at</strong>e</strong> School of Management (GSM)<br />

their dormitory, where they will live for the next three months, and Japan, and particip<strong>at</strong>e in peace studies held <strong>at</strong> the Kyoto Museum for<br />

School of Management, Facts and Figures:<br />

d<strong>at</strong>es were set for future housing guidance sessions.<br />

World Peace, <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> <strong>University</strong>.<br />

Professor Yokoyama http://www.apu.ac.jp/gradu<strong>at</strong>e/page/content0046.html<br />

TOPICS<br />

TOPICS<br />

RU<br />

Memorial Signing Held to Enrich Japanese Educ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

in the United Arab Emir<strong>at</strong>es<br />

APU<br />

APU welcomes 20 St Edward’s <strong>University</strong> <strong>Student</strong>s<br />

for the “Business in Japan” Study Program:<br />

A Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) has been signed by represent<strong>at</strong>ives<br />

of Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd. (“Cosmo Oil”), Abu Dhabi Oil Co.,<br />

Ltd. (“ADOC”), a subsidiary of Cosmo Oil, and the <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Trust<br />

(“<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>”), on one hand and the represent<strong>at</strong>ive of the Abu Dhabi<br />

Educ<strong>at</strong>ion Council (“ADEC”) on the other hand, with the objectives of<br />

(1) the expansion of the Japanese Language Teaching Program (“JLTP”)<br />

in the Applied Technology High School (“ATHS”) Abu Dhabi premises<br />

which started from September 2011, (2) the expansion of cooper<strong>at</strong>ion<br />

in various areas such as receiving students from Abu Dhabi, and (3)<br />

further discussing the conditions to receive students from Abu Dhabi.<br />

D<strong>at</strong>e<br />

Place<br />

Singers<br />

May 1st, 2013<br />

Jumeirah Etihad Towers in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.<br />

H.E. Augheer Al Khaili, Director General, ADEC<br />

Mr. Yukihiro Tanaka, Represent<strong>at</strong>ive & General Manager, ADOC<br />

Mr. S<strong>at</strong>oshi M<strong>at</strong>sui, General Manager, Cosmo Oil<br />

Mr. Kiyofumi Kawaguchi, Chancellor of <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

Cosmo Oil, ADOC and <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> commenced the “COSMO ADOC<br />

<strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Japanese Language Teaching Program(JLPT)” in September,<br />

2011. Cosmo Oil and ADOC give financial support of the JLTP. <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong><br />

provides technical support for three Japanese teachers working in Abu<br />

Dhabi, and also designs and supervises the curriculum of the program.<br />

Under the JLTP, 48 students in Grade 10 and 11 <strong>at</strong> the ATHS currently<br />

study the Japanese language. In 2012, 10 students came to Japan and<br />

studied for a short term <strong>at</strong> the <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> High School, and 24 students<br />

studied <strong>at</strong> the <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong> Uji High School.<br />

As the governments of both Japan and U.A.E. highly appreci<strong>at</strong>e this program,<br />

both sides pledged to further enhance the educ<strong>at</strong>ional contribution<br />

under the MOU, and th<strong>at</strong> the children in the U.A.E. will have more<br />

understanding of Japanese language and culture, as they will become<br />

c<strong>at</strong>alysts for excellent bil<strong>at</strong>eral rel<strong>at</strong>ionships in the future.<br />

From Sunday, March 10, until Sunday, March 17, 2013, APU hosted 20<br />

undergradu<strong>at</strong>e students from St Edward’s <strong>University</strong> (Texas, USA) for the<br />

“Business in Japan” study program. Involving business-rel<strong>at</strong>ed lectures<br />

by APU faculty, industry inspection field trips, and cultural exchange.<br />

This program was held as part of the Global Collabor<strong>at</strong>ive <strong>University</strong><br />

Educ<strong>at</strong>ion (GLUE) program between APU and SEU.<br />

Staying <strong>at</strong> AP House 3, the students took part in ice-breaking games<br />

organized by APU student buddies and a tour of the campus. Their buddies<br />

also accompanied them on a tour of Beppu city including the famous<br />

“Hells” hot-springs and a hot-spring steamed cooking experience.<br />

On March 12 the group received a lecture by APM Professor Nakayama<br />

Haruo on the subject of “Challenges Facing the Japanese Economy”<br />

during which he described a wide range of issues including Japan’s aging<br />

popul<strong>at</strong>ion, economic stagn<strong>at</strong>ion, recent movements in the Yen/Dollar<br />

exchange r<strong>at</strong>e and how this is impacting Japanese manufacturers.<br />

With the main focus of the program centering on learning about Japanese<br />

business, the group took part in an tour of the Nippon Steel and<br />

Sumitomo Metal Corpor<strong>at</strong>ion steel works (March 13), the AEON Park<br />

Place Oita shopping complex (March 13) and also the Nissan Motors<br />

Kyushu automobile plant (March 14).<br />

The tour was not all about business though and the St Edward’s <strong>University</strong><br />

students also enjoyed the chance to try their hand <strong>at</strong> the Taiko Japanese<br />

drum, ikebana flower arranging, and the Japanese tea ceremony.<br />

Now in its second year, the Business in Japan program is held as part of<br />

the GLUE program jointly offered by APU and St Edward’s <strong>University</strong>. The<br />

next stage of the project involves APU domestic students scheduled to<br />

enter APU in the spring semester travelling to St Edward’s <strong>University</strong> for<br />

ACCESS, a short-term intensive culture and language study program.<br />

GLUE has been adopted by MEXT into the “2011 Re-Inventing Japan<br />

Project”.<br />

More inform<strong>at</strong>ion on the GLUE program: http://www.glue-apu.net/e/


Club Activities<br />

17 18<br />

<strong>Student</strong> Voice<br />

<strong>Student</strong> Voice<br />

Clubs Interview With<br />

Shi Fan & Gong Jiali<br />

Shi Fan (<strong>University</strong> of <strong>Intern<strong>at</strong>ional</strong> Business and Economics) and Gong Jiali (Shanghai Jiaotong <strong>University</strong>)<br />

are both currently in the Intensive Japanese Language Track of the Study in Kyoto Program (SKP).<br />

Shi Fan<br />

Gong Jiali<br />

http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/eng/html/current/daily_life/club/voice/shi_fan_and_gong_jiali.html/<br />

Q: Wh<strong>at</strong> club/circles are you currently involved in <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>?<br />

A: Kar<strong>at</strong>edo Doukoukai ( 空 手 道 同 好 会 )<br />

Q: Why did you want to enter the Kar<strong>at</strong>e club?<br />

A: Shi Fan: I wanted to experience something new, and since<br />

Japanese clubs are different from the clubs in China I thought<br />

this would be a good experience. Also, I don’t exercise very<br />

often so I thought joining this kind of club would be good<br />

for my health, and exercising while learning a traditional<br />

martial art of Japan seemed interesting to me.<br />

Gong Jiali: I always had an interest in martial arts so when<br />

I was introduced to the club by one of my senpai in April I<br />

thought it would be a fun way to get exercise and become<br />

healthy.<br />

Q: Wh<strong>at</strong> was your first contact with the Kar<strong>at</strong>e Club?<br />

A: We were <strong>at</strong>tracted by the club poster which had a drawing<br />

of a cute girl on it who looked very strong. We saw th<strong>at</strong> and<br />

thought we wanted to become strong like her.<br />

Q: Did you have experience in martial arts before joining this club?<br />

A: Shi Fan: Neither of us did any martial arts while we were in<br />

China, but we were always interested in the martial arts.<br />

Gong Jiali: While I was in China I particip<strong>at</strong>ed in a club, but<br />

one time when I visited Japan I was very taken by how enthusiastic<br />

Japanese students were <strong>at</strong> club activities. In China<br />

students are kind of just playing <strong>at</strong> the club, but here in<br />

Japan they are very serious.<br />

Q: How often does the circle hold practices?<br />

A: There is practice everyday but Sunday, but we only practice<br />

twice a week, which is ok with the club.<br />

Q: Wh<strong>at</strong> is the most challenging aspect of being part of this club?<br />

A: Shi Fan: In one word 礼 儀 (etiquette). In China the students do<br />

not worry too much about the “senpai/kohai” (older/younger<br />

students) rel<strong>at</strong>ionship. But here in Japan this is very important,<br />

and they are a little strict. It has been a little hard to fully enter this<br />

environment, but the senpai are very nice so practices are fun.<br />

Gong Jiali: Sometimes we don’t understand the Japanese<br />

everyone is saying as there are lots of special words for the<br />

martial arts in Japan, but by w<strong>at</strong>ching and copying wh<strong>at</strong> the<br />

senpai are doing we can keep up with the class.<br />

Q: Wh<strong>at</strong> is the most rewarding aspect of being part of this club?<br />

A: Shi Fan: We can exercise <strong>at</strong> a regular pace and we have<br />

been able to make many Japanese friends, which might have<br />

been more difficult had we not entered the club.<br />

Gong Jiali: I also feel the same way. The exercise is gre<strong>at</strong>,<br />

and it has helped to increase my appetite!<br />

Q: Any last message you would like to give to other students looking<br />

to join a club or circle <strong>at</strong> <strong>Ritsumeikan</strong>?<br />

A: Gong Jiali: I highly recommended the Kar<strong>at</strong>e Club as you<br />

can get regular exercise and make many Japanese friends.<br />

Shi Fan: I think if you feel<br />

like you want to get stronger<br />

this would be a gre<strong>at</strong><br />

club. And not just physically<br />

strong, we have also<br />

gotten mentally stronger,<br />

and are able to withstand<br />

more than before.

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