UTUMI Biodiversity surveys, Tanzania. - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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Biodiversity studies in Kilwa and Lindi Districts Map 2. Centres of endemism within the eastern African Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania (from Burgess and Clarke 2000). 18
Biodiversity studies in Kilwa and Lindi Districts 4. METHOD 4.1 Introduction This chapter describes the methods used for collection new information on the flora and fauna of Kilwa and Lindi Districts for the UTUMI project. 4.2. Mapping of coastal forest using remote sensing The vegetation in Lindi & Kilwa Districts was identified and classified from Landsat ETM+ satellite images. Digital data was geo-rectified to the national UTM maps (either digital or paper) and corrected by the use of GIS. Field maps were produced by special digital enhancement of coastal forest classes spectral signatures. When possible, boundaries of forest reserves and other background information were derived from 1:250.000 digital map layers from Tanzania Natural Resource Information Centre (TANRIC). The position of the forest reserves on these maps often proved to be incorrect and adjustmade had to be made from GPS at reserve corner stones and by the use of co-ordinated from the literature. Matpwe Forest Reserve seems to be misplaced in all official maps Field visits were made to forest and woodland in Lindi and Kilwa Districts to relate the observed spectral differences on the satellite images to the vegetation types. Based on this field verification, a supervised digital classification was made on the Landsat data that highlight the distribution and extent of coastal forests and woodlands in the two districts (Map 3). The vegetation classes used in the satellite image analyses are mostly the ones defined by Clarke in Burgess and Clarke (2000). However, the satellite image analyses showed that for some vegetation classes there is a large variation in the spectral propoerties indicating that the vegetation class infact consist of several sub-groups with different domination of tree species. For this reason the vegetation classifivcation of this report has two types of legume dominated dry forest types, four types of dry forest and 8 scrub forest types. The total area of the different vegetation classes appear high compared to information published previously. However, a large number of field visits to the different parts and vegetations in the two districts confirmed the remote sensing predictions. 4.3. Botanical studies The flora survey was based on a combination of two methodologies: The first was a qualitative method, which employed ground survey by car and on foot on each study site. This method was used for the classification of the vegetation types, collection of plant specimens and general identification of plant species occurring in the study area. Also it provided information to determine the status of particular forest patches as primary or secondary as well as to assess the exploitation timber and poles. The second method was quantitative using a standardised method with sample plots of 60 m x 5 m for structural determination of the vegetation type. Most sample plots were carried out at sites 19
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UTUMI Biodiversity surveys, Tanzania. - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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