A Founding Commitment - Santa Fe Institute

a founding
commitment
Where world-class minds gather from around
the globe to ponder the “Big Questions”

Welcome to the Santa Fe Institute
Welcome to the dynamic world of the Santa Fe Institute!
This is where world-class minds gather from around the
globe to ponder the “Big Questions”: What is the origin of
life? How large can a city grow before it fails? How do terrorist
cells form? Is there a common mother language? What
causes fi nancial markets to crash? These are just a small
sampling of the complex problems that SFI is uniquely qualifi
ed to help answer because of its founding commitment to
multidisciplinary research. In 1984, a group of visionary scientists
affi liated with Los Alamos National Laboratory, along
with other eminent physicists from across the United States,
were frustrated with the conventional notion that scientists
should remain strictly within their fi eld of study to solve complex
problems. They thought this stifl ed creativity and the
advancement of science. As a consequence, they created
SFI as a special place to discover and understand the common
fundamental principles across physical, computational,
biological, and social complex systems. What was once a
revolutionary approach to the most vexing and compelling
questions is now accepted internationally as a successful
model, due largely to the avant-garde work done at SFI.
A visit to our Cowan campus nestled among the pinon pinecovered
hills high above Santa Fe attests to the vibrancy and
rigor of the science pursued at SFI. Animated conversations
at the common lunch table, the low murmuring voices in several
languages, someone working on a convoluted equation
using the windowpane as his worksheet – all demonstrate
SFI’s commitment to attracting the most talented and innovative
thinkers from around the world. SFI’s exceptional culture
encourages informal research groups from across all disciplines.
SFI also prides itself on being an institute without
walls because vital research is conducted not only in Santa
Fe by our resident faculty, but by over 50 external faculty
members drawn from top universities in the United States
and around the world.
SFI is mindful of the need to reach out to mainstream thought
conduits and, over the last 25 years, has developed a wide
array of programs and initiatives designed to educate a
broader audience on its exciting research. From summer
schools, to teacher education initiatives, to a free public lecture
series and the dozens of workshops hosted each year,
the SFI family continues to grow. In this 2008 Annual Report,
we will share some more details about SFI activities and
plans to ensure SFI continues to thrive in the 21st century.
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Contents
A Founding Commitment ---------- 2
- Welcome to SFI
- Letter from the President
Transformative Research ------------- 6
- Achievements and Highlights
- Global Reach
Impact ----------------------------------- 12
- Popular Media
- Scientifi c Publications
Education and Outreach ---------- 16
- Educating Next Generation’s Scholars
- Community Outreach
- Resources and Publications
- Program Coordinators
Business Network -------------------- 20
Creative People ----------------------- 22
- Resident Faculty and Researchers
- External Faculty
- Postdoctoral Fellows
Governance and Finance ----------- 30
- Trustees
- Science Board
- Science Steering Committee
- Financial Information
- Research Awards
- Donors
- SFI Staff

A Founding Commitment: 2008 Annual Report
A Letter from the President
Dear Valued Members of the SFI Community,
Never before has the world so needed the broad, systemic
thinking that is the hallmark of the Santa Fe Institute.
As our world changes at an unprecedented rate, we know
we need to understand the bigger systemic effects of our
actions. From climate change to the fi nancial markets, we are
actively intervening in systems that we don’t fully understand
and the situation calls for urgent action. Leaders of major
corporations and government agencies and top philanthropists
all know that SFI’s unique understanding of complex
systems is critical to solving these global problems. Indeed,
SFI’s work has never been more important, and it is ironic
that this introduction to an annual report full of information
about the innovative, transformative work of SFI must be
focused on our short-term fi nancial situation.
SFI knows that challenging times call for bold action. Our
faithful donors and sponsors remain committed to the
Institute, yet fi nancial realities dictate that we must fi nd new
sources of funding in 2009. While SFI moved quickly in late
2008 to substantially reduce the 2009 budget, instituting
salary freezes and reductions in employee benefi ts,
as well as postponing major capital expenditures, we still
anticipate a revenue shortfall and are in critical need of new
funds. At the same time, we understand the urgent nature of
our research and continue to look for ways to cut costs while
preserving the quality and vibrancy of our scientifi c output.
Skeptics who say that “it can’t be done” have always been
with us, and indeed there were many naysayers who scoffed
at the founding of the Santa Fe Institute 25 years ago. The
inherent contrarian streak in our culture means that the
naysayers’ words only catalyze new energy to push the
boundaries of science and amplify SFI’s impact across farreaching
fields of study. Given SFI’s relatively modest
budget compared to the world’s top-notch and most established
research institutions, we are very proud of our record.
In other words, SFI continues to “punch above its weight.” It
is just this sort of approach to the myriad, complex problems
facing the world today that can ultimately transform minds,
disciplines, business, society, and policy.
Some of the highlights of 2008 include:
■ SFI continues to be in the top 1% of institutions in the
fi eld of physics;
■ SFI research on “the leverage cycle” is informing
policy makers seeking solutions to the fi nancial crisis;
■
SFI is listed as the “Rising Star” institution for
Environmental Science/Ecology;
■
SFI is listed as an ideal model for creative and
innovative research.
Our science has never been more bold and vibrant. We have
the energy, perspective and scientifi c depth to make a real
impact in the coming years. Please join me in celebrating
25 exciting years of scientifi c discovery at SFI and spreading
the word about SFI’s important research. Together we
can ensure that SFI will have the resources to continue our
transformative science through
the next quarter century.
Sincerely,
Geoffrey B. West
President and
Distinguished Professor
5

transformative
research
Building bridges across traditional
academic disciplines

Transformative Research: Achievements and Highlights
Achievements and Highlights
SFI’s impressive list of 2008 research achievements refl ects
the Institute’s founding commitment to multidisciplinary science
to advance, and perhaps even solve the big problems facing
science and society. Analogous to a network hub, SFI pursues
cutting-edge science by combining the knowledge and
insights of resident faculty members with a continual stream
of top scientists who provide unique perspectives on fundamental
questions. Evolution, innovation, confl ict, diversity,
and robustness are just a few of the thematic frameworks
used to understand the physical, natural and social worlds.
The result is always more intriguing and insightful than if
approached from one disciplinary perspective.
SFI researchers have the freedom and ability to extract key
insights from diverse facts and synthesize common principles—driving
unique understanding of the systems upon
which we depend. Of immediate concern is to understand
sustainability, market dynamics, the spread of disease and
fundamental causes of terrorism. To adequately understand
these very topical problems we must build theoretical knowledge—an
approach that is often dismissed in today’s resultsdriven
world.
Ranging from esoteric to ultimately intensely practical, SFI
research is never pre-ordained; topics arise from the curiosity
of researchers. Some ideas may quickly grow to foster
long-term working groups, while others may percolate as a
topic of discussion over lunch for a few years before becoming
a research theme.
SFI Professor David Krakauer wondered whether science
can inform the study of history. This is just one example of
how a simple question can emerge into a fruitful new area
of research. He worked initially with a few eminent scholars
and maverick graduate students to ponder how history
might benefi t from the language and principles of complexity
science. Data-driven fi elds such as ecology and economics
had already readily lent themselves to employing methods
from complexity science but history posed a more unique
challenge. What constitutes “data” in history is not objective
measurements but subjective interpretations of events,
and in the absence of falsifi able models, causality is diffi cult
to prove. Krakauer now asks, “Rather than creating predictive
models, what if we could quantify randomness and regularity in
historical events?” Today while scholarly history still remains
fi rmly rooted in the humanities, creative minds–catalyzed by
SFI–are considering ways to make history more scientifi cally
rigorous, perhaps unlocking an entirely new way of thinking
about the path of human progress.
SFI Research Professor Jennifer Dunne and SFI Professor
Doug Erwin study food webs of ancient ecosystems, seeking
to identify predator-prey
relationships
that may help explain
how the entire food
system works. The
network structure
of feeding relationships
among marine
species that lived
hundreds of millions
of years ago is very
similar to that of modern food webs. This insight may eventually
reveal vulnerabilities in current ecological networks and
help prioritize which parts of the system to protect.
7

www.santafe.edu
Using a network-based contagion model, he found that
people tend to repeat the selections of their predecessors,
with early successes breeding later success, perhaps explaining
why the winner of the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries
usually goes on to win their party’s nomination. External
Professor Mark Newman looked at the election results and
developed a cartogram that rescales a map of the U.S. states
President Geoffrey West continues to build upon his groundbreaking
work in biological scaling to include social
organization. West and his team found that cities are both
catalysts of innovation and wealth, producing greater than expected
returns in income and patents per capita. Further, they
are remarkably effi cient and require less resources and infrastructure
per capita as city size increases. His latest endeavor
applies this thinking to corporations seeking to answer the
following questions: Are there underlying universal principles
that constrain the growth of companies? How do companies
deal with the tension between the drive for innovation and the
drive for economies of scale? What scaling laws might apply
to corporations?
This research clearly breaks new boundaries and forms a
base of knowledge from which other researchers can follow
to solve pressing problems, but how does SFI’s theoretical
research manifest immediately in the real world? Examples
range from the 2008 elections to contagious fl u viruses to the
collapse of fi nancial markets.
SFI External Professor Duncan Watts wanted to test the
extent to which people’s opinions are infl uenced by others.
Cartograms of 2008 presidential election results by (top) electoral college
vote distribution and (bottom) county-by-county voting weight as a function
of population distribution, with shades representing weighting of voting
toward one candidate or the other. Images by Mark Newman.
8

Transformative Research: Achievements and Highlights
professor at University of Cambridge, Derek Smith is working
as part of the World Health Organization Global Infl uenza
Surveillance Network, keeping track of different strains of the
fl u virus as they appear. Properties of each virus are analyzed
to create an “antigenic map.” The map illustrates the relationships
between the viruses and helps determine global
migration patterns.
and counties according to population and representation in
the electoral college. The widely publicized results show how
distorted and misleading a linear map can appear.
The potential of a world-wide avian fl u pandemic motivates
SFI postdoctoral fellow Dan Hruschka. Other scientists are
working to identify when the fl u virus can and will evolve into a
strain that passes to humans. Using data gathered from poultry
workers in the West Indies, they eventually seek to learn how
to stop human-to-human spread of the deadly virus. From the
other side of the world, a former graduate student at SFI and
SFI External Professor John Pepper tackles a different medical
issue–developing automated methods for discovering novel
and effective drug cocktails for cancer. Given the enormous
number of drugs available and the many unknown effects of
their combinations, Pepper created and implemented a
search algorithm that can navigate the myriad possibilities.
Early pay-off has been the identifi cation of a 3-drug cocktail
that has proven effective against multiple lung carcinoma cell
lines. Mouse trials are set to begin shortly.
No recap of 2008 would be complete without a discussion
of economics. SFI has always been known for its contrarian
view of conventional economic thought. The current fi nancial
crisis aptly illustrates the need for more innovative ideas and a
systems perspective to market dynamics and economic behavior.
The following examples of SFI research illustrate this point.

www.santafe.edu
According to equilibrium theory, the market is a refl ection of
outside forces in which values change in response to new
information. However, some economists believe that markets
have their own internal dynamics making it possible for
people to lose or gain billions. Understanding what drives
the market involves going beyond looking at the equilibrium
and instead researching the ecology of beliefs and expectations.
Pioneering economists at SFI are building computer
models to mimic market dynamics by letting market behavior
emerge naturally from the interactions of participants
in a simulated world. An agent-based model developed
by SFI scientists John Geanakoplos, J. Doyne Farmer, and
Stefan Thurner shows how the level of credit in a market infl
uences overall stability.
External Professor John Geanakoplos coined the term “the
leverage cycle” years ago and developed a theoretical model
to explain this boom and bust phenomenon inherent in the
collateral markets. He argues that the amount of collateral
demanded by lenders or investors is now as important a metric
as interest rates yet, we have no means to track or regulate
this rate. As he crosses the country speaking to regulators
and policy makers, his model provides the basis for sound
thinking. Yet, without sustained investment in this research, a
more complete picture eludes us all.
SFI Professor Sam Bowles studied altruism and cooperation
long before it was fashionable. Bowles chronicled dozens
of experiments showing that people are far more generous
than rigid self-interest would seem to dictate. In fact humans
may fi nd remuneration for good deeds to be a disincentive.
Rather than relying primarily on pay and economic incentives,
Bowles suggests organizations should recognize, cultivate
and empower altruistic tendencies.
SFI’s model of of mixing disciplines continues to prove that
the whole is indeed greater than the sum of the parts, and
just a fraction of SFI research is presented here. Access to
in-depth descriptions of SFI research is available through our
website, in addition to information on our many public outreach
programs and our various publications.
10

Transformative Research: Global Reach
Global Reach
SFI’s global community continues to grow and thrive as
visits and collaborations develop into more formal relationships
with SFI. For example, former International Fellows are
now SFI postdoctoral fellows or serving as external professors,
building collaborations and complex systems communities
in dozens of countries. SFI’s President Geoffrey West
and the program director, Shannon Larsen, travel frequently
to support the former Fellows’ efforts as they form new
institutes or research groups that refl ect SFI’s philosophy of
multidisciplinary science.
SFI selected three new International Fellows in 2008
and their backgrounds refl ect the diversity of SFI itself.
Somdatta Sinha, from India, is a molecular biologist interested
in the evolution and maintenance of complex
organization in living systems. Eric Goles, a mathematician
by training, is the founder of a complex systems institute
in Valparaiso, Chile and recently published a novel
entitled, El Zapato Perdido de la Marilyn (Marilyn’s Lost Shoe).
Virgilio Almeida is a Brazilian computer scientist who is
actively bridging fundamental science with applications and
real-world problems.
Read more about the 2008
Fellows online at www.santafe.
edu/education/international.
11

impact
SFI’s theoretical research builds tomorrow’s
knowledge base and brings fresh insights into
today’s problems

Impact: SFI in the Popular Media
SFI in the Popular Media
Atlanta Journal - Constitution
01/05/08
“Countdown 2008: Road to the
White House: How Candidates
Become Inevitable”
Referencing: Duncan Watts (SFI
External Professor and Columbia
University)
The New York Times
01/08/08
“In Professor’s Model, Diversity =
Productivity”
Referencing: Scott Page (SFI External
Professor and University of Michigan-
Ann Arbor)
Time
01/10/08
“My Nose, My Brain, My Faith”
Referencing: Samuel Bowles (SFI
Professor and University of Siena)
Harvard Business Review
02/01/08
“What Good are Experts?”
By Michael Mauboussin (SFI Trustee
and Chief Investment Strategist, Legg
Mason)
The Wall Street Journal
02/20/08
“Housing Cycle is Caught in
Vicious Circle”
Referencing: John Geanakoplos (SFI
External Professor and Yale University)
The Economist
02/21/08
“Moral Thinking”
Referencing: Samuel Bowles (SFI
Professor and University of Siena)
The San Francisco Chronicle
02/22/08
“DNA Studies Trace Human Migration
From Africa”
Referencing: Marcus Feldman (SFI
External Professor and Stanford
University)
Harvard Business Review
03/01/08
“A More Rational Approach to
New-Product Development”
By Eric Bonabeau (Icosystem
Corporation, an SFI Business
Network Member)
The Independent
03/04/08
“Cormac McCarthy: American
Literature’s Great Outsider”
Referencing: Cormac McCarthy
(SFI Fellow)
The New York Times
04/06/08
“How to Turn a Herd on Wall Street”
Referencing: Willemien Kets (SFI
Postdoctoral Fellow)
International Herald Tribune – The
Global Edition of the New York Times
04/08/08
“Vanished: A Pueblo Mystery in
Colorado”
Referencing: Tim Kohler (SFI
External Professor and Washington
State University)
Time
06/12/08
“The Art of Simplexity”
Referencing: C.C. Wood (SFI Vice
President, Administration) and Murray
Gell-Mann, SFI Distinguished Fellow
13

www.santafe.edu
CNN.com
06/26/08
“Study: Global Warming Sends Plants
Uphill”
By Pablo Marquet (SFI External
Professor and Pontifi cia
Universidad Catolica de Chile)
Business Intelligence Middle East
07/14/08
“Leaders in Dubai to Discuss Global
Political and Economic Challenges
and Opportunities”
Referencing: Geoffrey West (SFI
President and Distinguished
Professor)
Christian Science Monitor
07/16/08
“Why Cap and Trade Could Backfi re”
Referencing: Samuel Bowles (SFI
Professor and University of Siena)
MSNBC.com
07/17/08
“Bigger Is Better, Until You Go Extinct
— Evolution Favors Larger Species,
Althought Extinction Risk Is Greater
For Them”
Referencing: Aaron Clauset (SFI
Postdoctoral Fellow) and Doug H.
Erwin (SFI Professor and Smithsonian
National Museum of Natural History)
14
International Herald Tribune – The
Global Edition of the New York Times
10/1/08
“This Economy Does not Compute”
Referencing: John Geanakoplos (SFI
External Professor and Yale Unversity),
J. Doyne Farmer (SFI Professor), and
Stefan Thurner (SFI External Professor
and University of Vienna)
Christian Science Monitor
10/02/08
“Can We Save Forests by Listening
to Trees? Two Scientifi c Discoveries
Could Help Reduce Forest Fires and
Prevent Bug Infestations”
Referencing: James Crutchfi eld (SFI
External Professor and University of
California-Davis)
Wired
10/09/08
“Study Says Closing Roads Might Cut
Congestion. Huh?”
Referencing: Michael Gastner (Former
SFI Postdoctoral Fellow)
NPR - All Things Considered
11/22/08
“Maps Give Glimpse of How the
World Really Looks”
Referencing: Mark Newman (SFI
External Professor and University of
Michigan-Ann Arbor)

Impact: Selected Scientific Publications
Selected Scientific Publications
Buckley, L.B. “Linking traits to energetics and population
dynamics to predict lizard ranges in changing environments.”
American Naturalist 171(1) (2008): E1-E19.
Atkinson, Quentin D., Andrew Meade, Chris Vendetti, Simon
J. Greenhill, and Mark Pagel. “Languages evolve in punctuational
bursts.” Science 319 (1 February 2008): 588.
Smith, Eric. “Quantum-classical correspondence principles
for locally non-equilibrium driven systems.” Physical Review
E 77(2) (2008): 021109 1-24.
Wolf, M., G.S. van Doorn, O. Leimar and F.J. Weissing. “Do
animal personalities emerge?” Nature 451 (28 February
2008): E8-E9.
Vaglica, Gabriella, Fabrizio Lillo, Esteban Moro, and
Rosario N. Mantegna. “Scaling laws of strategic behavior
and size heterogeneity in agent dynamics.” Physical Review
E 77(3) (2008): 036110 1-6.
Hou, Chen, Wenyun Zuo, Melanie E. Moses, William H.
Woodruff, James H. Brown, and Geoffrey B. West.
“Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny.” Science
322 (31 October 2008): 736-739.
Frood, Arran. “Paleobiology: the Cambrian smorgasbord.”
Nature 453 (4 June 2008): 717-718. (Jennifer Dunne’s
work fi gures prominently in this short article)
Enserink, Martin. “Mapmaker for the world of infl uenza.”
Science 320 (18 April 2008): 310-311. (Derek Smith’s
work is featured prominently in this article)
Mitchell, Steve. “New Mode of Cell Communication
Discovered.” Science Now Daily News Online (9 January
2008). (About the work of Charles Stevens)
A full bibliography is available at:
www.santafe.edu/research/library/bibliography_new.php
Redner, Sid. “Networks: Teasing out the missing links.”
Nature 453 (1 May 2008): 47-48.
Bowles, Samuel. “Policies designed for self-interested
citizens may undermine ‘the moral sentiments’: Evidence
from economic experiments.” Science 320 (20 June 2008):
1605-1609.
Efferson, Charles, Rafael Lalive, and Ernst Fehr. “The
co-evolution of cultural groups and ingroup favoritism.”
Science 321 (26 September 2008): 1844-1849.
15

education
& outreach
Building the foundation for systemic, long-term
change in science education

Education and Outreach: Educating the Next Generation of Scientists
Sharing our knowledge and excitement for innovative science has been integral to SFI’s mission since the beginning. This
passion pervades the Institute with researchers and staff participating in dozens of events, schools and public lectures every
year. The guiding mission is to conceptualize and sustain innovative programs that demonstrate the power of a multidisciplinary
approach in solving complex problems. Learn@sfi , our umbrella for these efforts, offers educational programs for students of
all ages and backgrounds to prepare tomorrow’s scientists, inspire new communities, improve pedagogical methods, and build
the foundation for systemic, long-term change in science education. Generous agencies, foundations and individual donors
support these efforts annually.
Educating the Next Generation
of Scientists
Today’s students, born into a wired world, are
already comfortable with thinking across disciplinary
boundaries to solve problems. SFI’s
unique positioning as a place for creative
scientifi c mavericks leverages these abilities
and inspires the next generation of scientists.
Middle School: Project GUTS “Growing
Up Thinking Scientifi cally” actually changes
how kids think about science—transforming
“Science” from simply a class they take at
school into a powerful tool to understand and
solve real-world problems. Students use technology to investigate
topics relevant to their local communities, analyze data
using scientifi c tools, and learn to present their fi ndings in a
meaningful way. Thanks to a hybrid of funding sources, Project
GUTS now reaches 350 students in New Mexico and
demand continues to grow. SFI plans to serve an additional
1,000 students through regional Project GUTS clubs in New
Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, and Virginia.
Undergraduates: A handful of top undergraduate scientists
participate in a summer program sponsored by the
National Science Foundation. The Research Experiences for
Undergraduates (REU) participants complete summer projects
under the guidance of SFI mentors.
Graduate Students: Every summer since 1988, SFI
has hosted 50-60 graduate students for a four-week intensive
exploration of complex behavior in mathematical,
physical, social and living systems. This model has been
successfully deployed internationally with schools held in
Budapest, Hungary and Beijing, China. In December 2008
SFI sponsored the fi rst complex systems school in Latin
America. Students gathered in a remote and stunningly
beautiful lakefront location in Bariloche, Argentina for two
17

www.santafe.edu
was chosen for display at the NSF headquarters as an excellent
example of representing complex science to lay communities.
Resources and
Publications
For those wishing to learn more about SFI research and
activities, the following resources are available either electronically
or in print:
Photo Credit: Nerissa Escanlar
www.santafe.edu provides up-to-date information about
research, events and activities.
weeks of intensive instruction in the Foundations and Frontiers
of Complex Systems. The school captured the spirit of
SFI by focusing on both foundational ideas and cutting-edge
research.
Inspiring New
Communities
About 10 times per year, hundreds of New Mexico
residents gather to hear lectures by esteemed scientists.
The speakers convey broad research themes
representative of SFI’s approach to science. Cherished
by the community, the lectures are supported
by local individuals and businesses.
In partnership with New Mexico Highlands University,
SFI produced a traveling science exhibit entitled
“Emergence: A New View of Life’s Origins.” Drawing
on a research award supported by the National Science
Foundation: “Frontiers in Integrative Biology:
From Geochemistry to the Genetic Code,” the exhibit
18

Education and Outreach: Resources and Publications
Update: A quarterly newsletter chronicles SFI activities such
as lectures, Business Network functions, topical meetings,
research paper citations, and campus visits. Available in
print or online at www.santafe.edu/events/update.
Education Program
Coordinators
Ginger Richardson
Vice President, Education and Outreach
Irene Lee
Director and Principal Investigator, Growing Up Thinking
Scientifi cally (GUTS) Program
casita.santafe.edu is home to several of the Institute’s virtual
communities including its Business Network members,
International Program participants, and alumni of the Institute’s
educational programs.
iTunes U (coming soon): SFI is blazing new territory with
Stanford, Harvard, MIT, and many other major universities
by making research and educational materials available for
download from the Institute’s web site via Apple’s iTunes U
system.
Dave Feldman
College of the Atlantic; Director, Beijing Complex Systems
Summer School
Dan Rockmore
Dartmouth College; Director, Santa Fe Complex Systems
Summer School
SFI Working Papers: SFI researchers pre-publish their work
on topics ranging from economics to physics. Available in
print or online at http://www.santafe.edu/research/publications/publications-working-papers.
SFI Bulletin: A popular annual magazine highlighting SFI’s
most exciting and timely scientifi c fi ndings. Available in print
or online at www.santafe.edu/research/publications/bulletin.
19

usiness
network
Creating opportunities for companies and
organizations to engage in SFI research activities

Business Network Members
SFI Business Network members are a diverse, eclectic collection of private organizations and government agencies. At fi rst glance it
is hard to imagine what Steelcase, Nokia Research, Fidelity Investments, Deere and Company, and the Offi ce of Naval Research might
have in common. Yet each of these entities possesses the foresight to invest in the relationship with SFI as a means to understand
the critical issues facing their organizations. Meetings, working groups, and web and social networking opportunities provide the
conduits for interaction and introduce Business Network members to the latest in multidisciplinary research, and the power of complexity
science as a lens by which to analyze problems. Members also have full access to SFI research, and can send representatives
for research sabbaticals on the campus. As SFI builds its knowledge and resources base, the Network continues to evolve with more
opportunities in the digital world including webcasts, streaming videos and online conversations.
2008 Business Network Members
AFRL, Dayton, OH
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL
Arience Capital Management, L.P., New York, NY
Baillie Gifford, Edinburgh, Scotland
Barclays Capital, London, UK
BCG - The Boston Consulting Group, New York, NY
BGI, Kirkland, WA
The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA
Bridger Capital, New York, NY
BT, Suffolk, UK
Cisco Systems, San Jose, CA
CNO Strategic Studies Group, Newport, RI
Davis Selected Advisers, L.P., New York, NY
Deere & Company, Moline, IL
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Glen Mills, PA
Deloitte Center for Edge Innovation, San Jose, CA
eBay, Inc., San Jose, CA
FedEx Corporation, Memphis, TN
Fidelity Investments, Boston, MA
Fountainebleau Resorts, Las Vegas, NV
Google Inc., Mountain View, CA
HH Capital Partners, LLC, Santa Fe, NM
Icosystem Corporation, Cambridge, MA
InnovationLabs, Orlando, FL
Insight Venture Partners, Aspen, CO
Intel Corporation, Hillsbororo, OR
Lane Five Capital Management L.P., Towson, MD
Legg Mason Capital Management, Inc., Baltimore, MD
Lockheed Martin Corporation, Bethesda, MD
21
Los Alamos National Bank, Los Alamos, NM
Marathon Asset Management, London, UK
MARS Belgium, Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Belgium
McKinsey Global Institute, London, UK
Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA
The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA
Morgan Stanley Investment Management, New York, NY
National Institute of Aerospace/NASA, Hampton, VA
Nativis, Inc., La Jolla, CA
NATS LLC, San Francisco, CA
Nokia, Palo Alto, CA
Northrop Grumman Corporate Sector, Arlington, MA
Offi ce of Naval Research (ONR), Washington, D.C.
Oppenheimer Funds, Inc., New York, NY
Redfi sh Group, Santa Fe, NM
SAC Capital Advisors, Stamford, CT
SEAS DTC, Preston, UK
Sleep, Zakaria and Company, Ltd., London, UK
Southeastern Asset Managment, Inc., Memphis, TN
Steelcase, Inc., Grand Rapids, MI
Sun Microsystems, Palo Alto, CA
Telecom Italia, Milan, Italy
Thomson Scientifi c and Healthcare, Philadelphia, PA
Thornburg Mortgage Advisory, Santa Fe, NM
Thrivent Asset Management, LLC, Minneapolis, MN
Toyota Motor Corporation, Aichi, Japan
Tudor Investment Corporation, Boston, MA
Watson Wyatt Limited, Reigate, UK
WCM Investment Management, Lake Forest, CA

creative
people
Tackling the most pressing problems
facing science and society

Creative People: Resident Faculty and Researchers
The Santa Fe Institute maintains its world leadership by
supporting the most creative people dedicated to understanding
what is most important and challenging at the
multidisciplinary frontiers of science. In 2008 SFI brought
together an unmatched international network of university
scientists, corporate and government researchers, and
practitioners to address the most pressing problems facing
science and society today.
The Institute is organized to achieve as much fl exibility as
possible – it has no tenured faculty, nor any formal departmental
structures, and it does not grant scholarly degrees.
At any one time there are between 20 and 50 researchers in
residence. Scientists in residence include faculty, postdoctoral
fellows, graduate students, Business Network members,
and visiting researchers.
Resident professors’ appointments are from one to fi ve
years, and in some cases longer. Postdoctoral fellows are at
SFI from one to three years. Graduate students hold fellowships
at the Institute for up to one year under the guidance
of senior scientists. Visiting scientists from other institutions
come for periods of a few days to year-long sabbatical visits.
Resident Faculty and Researchers
Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Los Alamos
National Laboratory
Evolution of Languages • Rational
Design of Vaccines • Phylogenetic
Methods and Their Applications •
Evolution of Viruses and Host-Virus
Interactions • Observed Quantum
Systems
Samuel Bowles, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and University
of Siena
Evolution of Human Altruism,
Parochialism, and Cooperation •
Dynamics of Economic Inequality •
Institutional Innovation
George Cowan, President Emeritus
and Distinguished Fellow
Santa Fe Institute
Early Childhood Development
Jennifer Dunne, Research Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Pacifi c
Ecoinformatics and Computational
Ecology Lab
Ecology • Networks • Paleobiology
• Coupled Human-Natural Systems
• Ecoinformatics
Doug Erwin, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Smithsonian
National Museum of Natural History
Paleobiology • Evolutionary Innovation
• Evolution of Development
23
J. Doyne Farmer, Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Financial Markets • Evolution of
Technology
Jessica Flack, Research Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Evolution of Construction and
Social Evolution (Robustness,
Confl ict and Regulation, Niche
Construction, Signaling Innovations
in the Evolution of Communication,
Uncertainty Reduction & Emergence
of Social Structure, Inductive Game
Theory)

www.santafe.edu
Murray Gell-Mann, Distinguished
Fellow
Santa Fe Institute
Scaling Phenomena • Measures
of Simplicity and Complexity •
Quantum Mechanics and the
Quasi-Classical World • Unconventional
Versions of Entropy • Distant
Relationships Among Human
Languages
Bette Korber, Research Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Los Alamos
National Laboratory
Immunology • Theoretical Biology •
Biophysics
David Krakauer, Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Evolutionary Theory • Communication,
Information and Computation
• Confl ict • Niche Construction •
Scientifi c History
External Faculty
John Miller, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Carnegie
Mellon University
Complex Adaptive Social Systems
Cristopher Moore, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and University of
New Mexico
Models and Structural Inference in
Social Networks • Quantum Computation
and Quantum Algorithms •
Phase Transitions in NP-Complete
Problems
D. Eric Smith, Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Physical and Chemical Self-Organization
• Origin of Life • Money,
Markets, and Institutions • Biomolecular
Information and Evolvability •
Computational Historical
Linguistics
Geoffrey West, President and
Distinguished Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Universal Scaling Laws in Biology •
Fundamental Laws in Biology
Jon Wilkins, Professor
Santa Fe Institute
Evolutionary Genetics • Genetic
Confl ict and Coevolution • Human
Demographic History
C. C. Wood, Vice President,
Administration
Santa Fe Institute
Brain Imaging and Modeling •
Computational Neuroscience •
Biological Computation
Elisabeth Wood, Professor
Santa Fe Institute and Yale University
Civil Wars • Political Violence •
Negotiated Settlements • Collective
Action
David Ackley, Computer Science,
University of New Mexico
W. Brian Arthur, Economics, Palo Alto
Research Center (PARC)
Robert Axtell, Computational Social
Science, George Mason University
Nihat Ay, Mathematics, Max Planck Institute
for Mathematics in the Sciences
Ferdinand Bais, Theoretical Physics,
University of Amsterdam
Carl Bergstrom, Evolutionary Biology,
University of Washington
24
Luis Bettencourt, Physics, Los
Alamos National Laboratory
Lawrence Blume, Economics,
Cornell University
Robert Boyd, Anthropology, University
of California-Los Angeles

Creative People: External Faculty
Elizabeth Bradley, Computer Science,
University of Colorado
James Brown, Biology, University of
New Mexico
Timothy G. Buchman, Acute and Critical
Care Surgery, Washington University
School of Medicine-St. Louis
Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Mathematics
and Statistics, Arizona State University
Morten Christiansen, Psychology,
Cornell University
James P. Crutchfield, Computation
Dynamics and Inference, University of
California-Davis
Lisa Curran, Tropical Resources, Yale
School of Forestry and Environmental
Studies
Raissa D’Souza, Statistical Physics,
University of California-Davis
Vincent Danos, Computational Systems
Biology, University of Edinburgh
Rob de Boer, Theoretical Biology,
Utrecht University
Andrew Dobson, Theoretical Ecology,
Princeton University
Santiago F. Elena, Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Instituto de Biología
Molecular y Celular de Plantas
Brian Enquist, Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, University of Arizona
Joshua M. Epstein, Economics, The
Brookings Institution
25

www.santafe.edu
Nina Fedoroff, Plants, Genetics,
Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State
University
Marcus W. Feldman, Biological
Sciences, Stanford University
Duncan Foley, Economics, New
School for Social Research
Walter Fontana, Systems Biology,
Harvard Medical School
Stephanie Forrest, Computer
Science, University of New Mexico
John Geanakoplos, Economics, Yale
University
Herbert Gintis, Economics, Central
European University
Jessica Green, Theoretical Ecology,
University of Oregon-Eugene
George Gumerman, Anthropology,
School for Advanced Research
Peter Hammerstein, Theoretical Biology,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Bailin Hao, Theoretical Physics,
Fudan University
James Hartle, Relativity and Quantum
Cosmology, University of California-
Santa Barbara
Eric Heller, Chemistry and Physics,
Harvard University
John H. Holland, Computer Science/
Engineering/Psychology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor
Alfred Hübler, Physics, University of
Illinois-Urbana
Ray Jackendoff, Cognitive Studies,
Tufts University
Matthew Jackson, Economics,
Stanford University
Sanjay Jain, Theoretical Physics,
University of Delhi
Erica Jen, Mathematics, Santa Fe
Institute
Jürgen Jost, Mathematics, Max Planck
Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences
Hillard Kaplan, Anthropology,
University of New Mexico
Stuart Kauffman, Biocomplexity and
Informatics, University of Calgary
26

Creative People: External Faculty
Tim Kohler, Anthropology, Washington
State University
Bette Korber, Immunology, Los
Alamos National Laboratory
Supriya Krishnamurthy, Physics,
Swedish Institute of Computer
Science
David Lane, Economics, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Seth Lloyd, Quantum Information,
Complex Systems, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
Jonathan Machta, Physics, University
of Massachusetts-Amherst
Pablo Marquet, Ecology, Pontifi cia
Universidad Catolica de Chile
Stephan Mertens, Theoretical Physics,
Otto-von-Guericke Universität
Magdeburg
Lauren Ancel Meyers, Evolutionary
Biology, University of Texas at Austin
Melanie Mitchell, Computer Science,
Portland State University
Martina Morris, Sociology and Statistics,
University of Washington
Michel Morvan, Computer Science,
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
Avidan Neumann, Mathematical
Biology, Bar-Ilan University
Mark Newman, Physics, University
of Michigan
Kazuo Nishimura, Economics, Kyoto
University
Norman Packard, Physics, ProtoLife
s.r.l.
Maya Paczuski, Complexity Science,
University of Calgary
John Padgett, Political Science, University
of Chicago
Scott Page, Complex Systems, Political
Science, Economics, University of
Michigan-Ann Arbor
Mark Pagel, Evolutionary Biology,
Reading University
Mercedes Pascual, Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of
Michigan-Ann Arbor
John Pepper, Evolutionary Biology,
University of Arizona
Alan Perelson, Mathematical and
Theoretical Biology, Biophysics, Los
Alamos National Laboratory
Juan Perez-Mercader, Theoretical
Physics, Centro de Astrobiologia
Walter (Woody) Powell, Education
and Sociology, Stanford University
Steen Rasmussen, Self-Organizing
Systems, University of Southern
Denmark
Sidney Redner, Physics, Boston
University
Dan Rockmore, Computer Science,
Dartmouth College
John Rundle, Geology, University of
California-Davis
Daniel Schrag, Geochemical Oceanography,
Harvard University
Peter Schuster, Theoretical Chemistry,
University of Vienna
Rajiv Sethi, Economics, Columbia
University
Cosma Shalizi, Statistics, Carnegie
Mellon University
David Sherrington, Theoretical
Condensed Matter Physics, University
of Oxford
Martin Shubik, Economics, Yale
University
Ricard Solé, Complex Systems,
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
27

www.santafe.edu
Peter Stadler, Bioinformatics, University
of Leipzig
Charles Stevens, Molecular Neurobiology,
The Salk Institute
Steven Strogatz, Applied Mathematics,
Cornell University
Alan Swedlund, Anthropology, University
of Massachusetts-Amherst
Stefan Thurner, Complex Systems,
University of Vienna
Joseph Traub, Computer Science,
Columbia University
Constantino Tsallis, Physics, Brazilian
Center for Physics Research
Sander van der Leeuw, Anthropology,
Arizona State University
Andreas Wagner, Biochemistry,
University of Zurich
Duncan Watts, Sociology, Columbia
University
Colleen Webb, Theoretical Evolutionary
Ecology, Colorado State University
Ken Weiss, Biological Anthropology,
Pennsylvania State University
Douglas R. White, Anthropology,
University of California-Irvine
William (Woody) Woodruff, Chemistry
and Biophysics, Los Alamos National
Laboratory
Henry T. Wright, Anthropology and
Archaeology, University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor
Peyton Young, Economics, Johns
Hopkins University
28

Creative People: Postdoctoral Fellows
Postdoctoral Fellows
In late 2008
08 SFI
received eive
ed a generous ero
gift from
eBay founder PIerre re Omidyar to endow the
postdoctoral tor program. SFI’s
postdoctoral tor
program will be renamed ed The
Omidyar Fellows lows in
2009. 09.
Elhanan Borenstein
Evolutionary Systems Biology • Evolutionary
Dynamics • Computational
Biology • Robustness • Metabolic
Networks • Reverse-Ecology • Metagenomics
• Interaction Between Learning,
Imitation, Culture and Evolution
Caroline Buckee
Evolution and Maintenance of Pathogen
Diversity • Population Structure
and Evolutionary Dynamics of the
Malaria Parasite
Lauren Buckley
Dynamic Models of Species Distributions
in Changing Environments •
Energetic and Ecological Constraints
on Density and Diversity (now at
National Center for Ecological Analysis
and Synthesis, University
of California-Santa Barbara)
Xingzhi Cheng
Statistical Physics • Human Behavior •
Dynamics in Financial Markets
Aaron Clauset
Complex Networks • Statistical
Inference • Mechanisms and Models •
Evolution • Confl ict
Nathan Collins
Political Behavior • Behavioral
Economics • Adaptive Social Systems
Sander van Doorn
Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology
Nathan Eagle
Complex Networks • Human
Dynamics • Complex Social Systems
Charles Efferson
Human Evolutionary Ecology (now at
University of Zurich)
Tanya Elliott
Quantum Geometry • Fractal Dimensions
• Language Processing
Miguel Angel Fuentes
Spatio-Temporal Structures in
Complex Systems • Applied Statistical
Physics • Diversity: Emergence
and Sustainability • Stock Markets:
Dynamics and Universal Behavior •
Evolutionary Processes • Non-Linear
Stochastic Calculus
Michael Gastner
Statistical Physics (now at Carl-von-
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg)
29
Chen Hou
Biophysics (now at University of
Florida, Gainesville)
Daniel Hruschka
Cultural and Social Change
Willemien Kets
Game Theory • Epistemology •
Networks
Josh Ladau
Statistical Ecology • Community
Dynamics (now at Gladstone Institutes,
University of California-San
Francisco)
Béla Nagy
Technological Progress • Learning •
Innovation • Computer Simulation •
Prediction • Uncertainty
Jessika Trancik
Materials Science • Technological
Innovation • Energy Systems

governance
& finance
Strong leadership, oversight, and strategic thinking
are leveraged for organizational support

Governance and Finance
SFI is led by Geoffrey West, President and Distinguished
Professor. The overall governance and fi scal responsibility of
the Institute resides with a Board of Trustees led by Chair Bill
Miller, Legg Mason Capital Management.
A Science Board that includes Nobel Laureates, MacArthur
Foundation Fellows, members of the National Academy of
Sciences, and several dozen distinguished scientists from
leading universities oversees the Institute’s research agenda.
The Science Steering Committee, a subset of Science
Board members, Trustees and External Faculty meets regularly
to review research proposals and advise administration
on appointments and allocation of resources for science.
All three major oversight groups of the SFI—the Board of
Trustees, the Science Board, and the Science Steering
Committee—have rotation cycles of three years. Additionally,
a number of research and educational initiatives feature their
own advisory boards: SFI’s postdoctoral fellows program,
its projects on the origin of life, robustness, and graduate
and secondary education all draw on the expertise of such
national advisory boards.
SFI’s senior management team: (back row from left) Ginny Greninger, Chris Wood, Geoffrey West, Shannon Larsen, Ginger Richardson,
(front row from left) Ronda Butler-Villa, Rich Murray, Elisabeth Johnson
31

www.santafe.edu
2008 Trustees
SFI is gratifi ed to have an excellent Board of Trustees who oversee the fi nancial and legal status of SFI and its governance.
Many participate on advisory committees and/or in science workshops.
Robert McCormick
Adams
Secretary Emeritus,
Smithsonian
Institution
George Cowan
Lifetime Trustee Emeritus,
Distinguished
Fellow, Founding
President, SFI
Elizabeth Hughes
Eginton
Head of Product
and Marketing,
Van Kampen Investments
(Executive
Committee)
Gary F. Bengier
eBay, Inc., Senior Vice
President of
Strategic Planning
and Development;
CFO, (Retired)
Adam Dell
Managing General
Partner, Impact
Venture Partners
William Enloe
Chairman and CEO,
Los Alamos
National Bank
(Executive Committee)
Joy Covey
President, Beagle
Foundation
Esther Dyson
Chairman,
EDventure
John Geanakoplos
Chair, Science Steering
Committee; James Tobin
Professor of Economics,
Yale University,
Economics (Ex offi cio)
32

Governance and Finance: Trustees
Murray Gell-Mann
Distinguished
Fellow, SFI
Mari Kooi
CEO and Founder,
Wolf Asset Management
International LLC
Michael Mauboussin
Chief Investment
Strategist, Legg Mason
Capital Management
Stewart Greenfield
Chairman, Alternative
Investment Group
Simon A. Levin
Co-Chair, Science
Board; Moffett Professor
of Biology, Princeton
University, Ecology
& Evolutionary Biology
(Ex offi cio)
Robert Maxfield
President, Maxfi eld
Foundation
Jordan Greenhall
Co-founder, Former
CEO, Chairman, DivX,
Inc.
Dan Lynch
President, Lynch
Enterprises
William Melton
President, Melton
Investments
John H. Holland
Professor, University
of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, Computer
Science/Engineering/
Psychology
Diana MacArthur
Co-founder, Chair &
CEO, Dynamac
Corporation
Bill Miller
Chair, Board of Trustees;
Chairman and CIO,
Legg Mason Capital
Management, Inc.
(Executive Committee)
33

www.santafe.edu
Jerry Murdock
Managing Director &
Co-founder, Insight
Venture Partners
David Robinson
Consultant
Graham Spencer
Google Inc.
Ann Nitze
President, Ann
Kendall Richards, Inc.
Ford Rowan
National Center for
Critical Incidence
Analysis
Garrett Thornburg
Chairman and CEO
Thornburg Companies
Pierre Omidyar
Co-founder and CEO,
Omidyar Network;
Founder and
Chairman, eBay Inc.
Jim Rutt
Vice Chair, Board of
Trustees; Director,
Proteus Foundation
(Executive Committee)
David B. Weinberger
General Partner,
O’Connor Partners
J. Leighton Read
General Partner,
Alloy Ventures
William Sick
Chairman and CEO,
Business Resources
International
Geoffrey West
President and Distinguished
Professor, SFI
(Ex offi cio and Executive
Committee)
34

www.santafe.edu
2008 Science Board
The Science Board advises on and evaluates SFI’s scientifi c agenda. The Board is composed of distinguished scientists who
have a demonstrated commitment to SFI research. Board composition refl ects the diverse research areas of the Institute,
including researchers from disciplines represented by SFI’s current themes and prospective areas of interest. Members are
appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Science Board and serve for renewable three-year terms.
Robert McCormick Adams
Secretary Emeritus, Smithsonian
Institution
Philip W. Anderson
Professor Emeritus, Physics,
Princeton University; Nobel Prize
Physics, 1977
Elizabeth Bradley
Professor, Computer Science,
University of Colorado-Boulder
David K. Campbell
Co-Chair Science Board; Provost,
Boston University
Charles DeLisi
Metcalf Professor of Science and
Engineering, Boston University
Marcus W. Feldman
Wohlford Professor of Biological
Sciences, Stanford University
Walter Fontana
Professor of Systems Biology,
Harvard Medical School
John Geanakoplos
James Tobin Professor of Economics,
Yale University
Murray Gell-Mann
Distinguished Fellow and Trustee,
SFI; Nobel Prize Physics, 1969
Donald Glaser
Professor of the Graduate School,
University of California-Berkeley;
Nobel Prize Physics, 1960
Deborah Gordon
Professor of Biology and Senior
Fellow at the Woods Institute for the
Environment, Stanford University
William Greenough
Professor of Biological Psychology,
Beckman Institute, University of
Illinois-Urbana
David Gross
Director and Holder of Frederick W.
Gluck Chair Theoretical Physics,
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics,
University of California-Santa Barbara;
Nobel Prize Physics, 2004
Juris Hartmanis
Professor Emeritus, Computer
Science, Cornell University
36
M. Peter Heilbrun
Consulting Professor of Neurosurgery,
Stanford University
John H. Holland
Professor of Computer Science/
Engineering/Psychology, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Arthur M. Jaffe
Landon T. Clay Professor of Mathematics
and Theoretical Science,
Harvard University
Sallie Keller-McNulty
Professor of Statistics and William
and Stephanie Sick Dean of
Engineering, Rice University
Eric Klopfer
Director of the Teacher Education
Program, and Scheller Career Development
Professor of Science Education
and Educational Technology,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mimi Koehl
Professor of Integrative Biology,
University of California-Berkeley

Governance and Finance: Science Board
George Lakoff
Professor of Linguistics, University
of California-Berkeley
Arthur Lander
Director of Center for Complex
Biological Systems and Professor
of Developmental and Cell Biology,
University of California-Irvine
David Lane
Professor of Economics, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
Richard Lenski
Hannah Distinguished Professor of
Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and
Behavior, Michigan State University
Simon A. Levin
Co-Chair Science Board; Moffett Professor
of Biology, Princeton University
Richard Lewontin
Alexander Agassiz Professor of
Zoology, Harvard University, Museum
of Comparative Zoology Emeritus
Eric Maskin
Professor, School of Social Science,
Institute for Advanced Study; Nobel
Prize Economics, 2007
Lord (Robert) M. May of Oxford,
OM AC FRS
Professor of Zoology, Oxford
University
Melanie Mitchell
Professor of Computer Science,
Portland State University
Harold Morowitz
Clarence J. Robinson Professor of
Biology and Natural Philosophy,
Krasnow Institute, George Mason
University
Mark Newman
Paul Dirac Collegiate Professor of
Physics and Professor, Center for the
Study of Complex Systems, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor
George Oster
Professor of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, University of California-
Berkeley
Alan Perelson
Senior Fellow, Mathematical and
Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos
National Laboratory
David Pines
Co-Director, Institute for Complex
Adaptive Matter and Professor
Emeritus Physics, University of
Illinois-Urbana
Sir Martin Rees
Astronomer Royal, Professor of
Cosmology and Astrophysics, Master
of Trinity College, University of
Cambridge
Donald Saari
Distinguished Professor of Mathematics
and Economics, and Director,
Institute for Mathematical Behavioral
Sciences, University of California-Irvine
37
Daniel Schrag
Professor and Director, Laboratory for
Geochemical Oceanography, Harvard
University
Eli Sercarz
Head, Division of Immune Regulation,
Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular
Studies
Burton H. Singer
Charles and Marie Robertson
Professor of Public and International
Affairs, Princeton University
Daniel L. Stein
Dean of Science and Professor of
Physics and Mathematics, New York
University
Charles Stevens
Professor of Molecular Neurobiology,
The Salk Institute
Paula Tallal
Board of Governor’s Professor of
Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State
University of New Jersey
Geoffrey West
President and Distinguished
Professor, SFI (Ex offi cio)
Henry Wright
Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology
and Professor, University of Michigan-
Ann Arbor

www.santafe.edu
2008 Science Steering Committee
The Science Steering Committee (SSC) reviews and makes recommendations on all faculty appointments, workshops, ongoing
research activities, and policy issues which affect how science is conducted at SFI. The SSC consists of a subset of the
resident and external professors as well as Science Board members.
James H. Brown
Distinguished Professor of Biology,
University of New Mexico
David Campbell
University Provost, Boston University
J. Doyne Farmer
Professor, SFI
Nina Fedoroff
Science and Technology Advisor to
the Secretary of State, U. S. Department
of State; Evan Pugh Professor
of Biology, Willaman Professor of
Life Science, Department of Biology,
Pennsylvania State University
Marcus W. Feldman
Director, Morrison Institute for Population
and Resource Studies and Wohlford
Professor, School of Humanities
and Sciences, Stanford University
John Geanakoplos
Chair, Science Steering Committee;
James Tobin Professor of Economics,
Yale University
David Krakauer
Chair of the Faculty and
Professor, SFI
Simon Levin
Moffett Professor of Biology,
Princeton University
Michael Mauboussin
Chief Investment Strategist, Legg
Mason Capital Management
Charles Stevens
Professor, Molecular Neurobiology
Laboratory, The Salk Institute
Geoffrey West
President and Distinguished
Professor, SFI (Ex offi cio)
C.C. Wood
Vice President for Administration,
SFI (Ex offi cio)
Henry T. Wright
Professor of Anthropology and
Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology,
Department of Anthropology and
Museum of Anthropology, University
of Michigan-Ann Arbor
38

www.santafe.edu
2008 Total Expenses
Science Programs 70%
Facilities & Administration 24%
Development 6%
Total $12,761,738
2008 Science Program Expenses
Research 59%
Education 19%
Workshops / Working Groups 10%
Business Network 7%
Visits / Visitors 3%
International Program 2%
Total $8,899,907
40

Governance and Finance: Expenses and Revenue Sources
2008 Revenues
Government 43%
Trustees & Individual 30%
Business Network 17%
Foundations 5%
Investment Income 4%
Other 1%
Total $9,142,833
Expenses: Almost 70% of SFI’s total expenses in 2008
supported the Institute’s Science Programs, with the balance
devoted to Facilities & Administration and Development.
These values were within two percent of the corresponding
values in 2007, with Science Programs a bit higher in 2008
and Facilities & Administration a bit lower. Of the Science
Program expenditures, 59% were expended on Research
Programs, 19% on Education & Outreach, and 10-2% on
each of Workshops / Working Groups, Business Network,
Visits / Visitors, and International Program. Expenses for both
Research and for Education & Outreach were higher than
2007 but the percentage increase for Education & Outreach
was greater due to signifi cant growth of the GUTS program
and the addition of a third major summer school in Argentina.
Revenues: Refl ecting the sharp market sell-off and general
economic decline in 2008, SFI’s total revenues were
down approximately $2.0M from 2007, largely refl ecting decreases
in gifts from Trustees and other Individuals, some
of which were payments planned for 2008 and delayed into
2009. Taken together, Government and Foundation revenues
remained comparable in dollar terms from 2007 to 2008
(approximately $4.5M), but represent a sharply higher fraction
of total revenue (48% versus 41%) due to the decrease
in gift revenues. Changes in other revenue categories relative
to 2007 were relatively small. SFI also incurred an unrealized
investment loss in 2008 of approximately $3.2M, which is not
refl ected in the revenues just discussed. Combined with the
reduction in 2008 revenue, the investment loss has strained
SFI’s fi nancial resources, leading Management and Trustees
to implement a signifi cant budget reduction for 2009. The
preceding discussion refl ects revenues on an as-received
basis and therefore excludes pledges made in 2008 but not
scheduled for payment until subsequent years.
41

www.santafe.edu
2008 Research Funding
Federal Agencies
National Science Foundation
• International Research Experiences for Studies in
Complex Adaptive Systems with the Santa Fe Institute in
China, David Feldman
• Co-evolution of State and Market: Renaissance Florence,
John Padgett
• NSF Academies for Young Scientists Project GUTS:
Growing Up Thinking Scientifi cally, Irene Lee
• Financial Markets as an Empirical Laboratory to Study an
Evolving Ecology of Human Decision Making, J. Doyne
Farmer
• Research Experiences for Undergraduate Interns at the
Santa Fe Institute, Geoffrey West
• Universal Scaling Laws in Biology: Origins, Applications,
and Ramifi cations, Geoffrey West
• The Emergence of Life: From Geochemistry to the
Genetic Code, Harold Morowitz
• A Broad Research Program in the Sciences of
Complexity, Geoffrey West
• Modeling the Dynamics of Technological Evolution, J.
Doyne Farmer and Jessika Trancik
• The Institutional Foundations of Cooperation and Trading,
Sam Bowles
• Collaborative Research: Mapping the Structure and
Evolution of Sustainability Science Research, Luis
Bettencourt
National Institutes of Health
• The Human Life Course and the Biodemography of
Aging, Hillard Kaplan
• Mathematical Tools and Modeling for Biologists,
David Krakauer
Office of Naval Research
• Based Logic for Information Fusion, Stephen Racunas
Director of Intelligence/
Office of Counterterrorism
• Social Networks, Cris Moore and Aaron Clauset
• Network Confl ict Theory, David Krakauer and Jessica
Flack
Foundations/Other Institutions
• Co-evolution of States and Markets, John Padgett and
Walter Powell, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
• Project GUTS in Santa Fe Schools, Irene Lee,
Los Alamos National Laboratory Foundation
42

Governance and Finance: Research Funding
• Health-Seeking for Infl uenza Among Muslim Poultry
Workers, Dan Hruschka, Emory University subaward
(under NSF prime grant)
• Computational Biology and Immunogen Design (Centralized
HIV-1 Genes as Vaccines [HIV RAD]), Bette Korber,
Duke University subaward (under NIH prime grant)
• Quantitative Systems Biotechnology Program: Optimal Information
Processing in Biological Networks, Charles C. Wood,
Columbia University subaward (under NSF prime grant)
• The APOBEC/Vif Confl ict and HIV Pathogenesis, Tanmoy
Bhattacharya, Northwestern University subaward (under
NIH prime grant)
• Project GUTS in New Mexico, Irene Lee, Bengier
Foundation
• A Founding Program on Robustness of Social Processes,
Erica Jen, James S. McDonnell Foundation
• Statistical Inference and Machine Learning for Complex
Networks, Cris Moore, James S. McDonnell Foundation
• Innovation in Natural, Experimental and Applied Evolution,
Douglas Erwin, David and Lucile Packard Foundation
• President’s Discretionary Funds, Geoffrey West,
Thaw Charitable Trust
• Gorbachev on Leadership: From the End of the Cold War
to the Growing Environmental Crisis, Geoffrey West, The
Thaw Charitable Trust
• Behavioral Management of Deleterious Aggression in
Rhesus Macaques, Jessica Flack and David Krakauer,
University of California, Davis subaward (under NIH
prime grant)
• IGERT: A Complex Systems Approach to the Study of
Economics, Scott Page, University of Michigan subaward
(under NSF prime grant)
Corporations
• Financial Markets Modeling, J. Doyne Farmer,
Barclay’s Bank
• Living Systems, Geoffrey West, Orange FTP Group
(Amena)
• Santa Fe Institute Research and Education Support,
Geoffrey West, The Oprah Winfrey Foundation
43

www.santafe.edu
2008 Donors
$500,000 and above
Dr. George A. Cowan,
The Delle Foundation
Mr. Christopher Davis
Mr. Bill Miller
$100,000 - 499,999
Mr. John Chisholm
The Maxfi eld Foundation
Mr. Jerry Murdock
The Pierre and Pamela
Omidyar Fund
Proteus Foundation
$25,000 - 99,999
The Beagle Foundation
The Bengier Foundation
The Stewart and Constance
Greenfi eld Foundation
Mrs. Mari Kooi
Lynch Family Foundation
Mr. Michael Mauboussin
Mr. Gerald Peters
Dr. J. Leighton Read
Mr. Bill and Mrs. Stephanie Sick
The Spencer Family Fund
Mr. Edward A. Studzinski
Thornburg Charitable
Foundation
$5,000 - 24,999
Mr. John M. Clema
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne A. Coleman
Ms. Katherine Collins
Mrs. Margaret DeWolf,
The Nick DeWolf Foundation
Ms. Esther Dyson
Mr. Jordan and Mrs. Jennifer
Greenhall
Mr. William H. Hurt
Ms. Sandra Kurtzig
Ms. Diana MacArthur
The MacArthur Foundation
(matching gift)
Mrs. Dale Mathias
Politics and Society
Dr. David Z. Robinson
The Santa Fe Alliance for
Science
Mr. Carl Stern and Ms. Holly
Hayes
Mr. Ronald Tarrson and
Ms. Camile Canzone
$1,000 - 4,999
The Jonathan & Kathleen Altman
Foundation
Anonymous
Mr. Christopher Baker
Mr. Luke Friendshuh
Dr. Rafael M. Furst
Professor Murray Gell-Mann
The Getty Foundation
Google Inc. (matching gift)
Ms. Cynthia Grenfell
Paul Margetson, Hotel Santa Fe
Mr. and Mrs. David Hoverson
Mr. Paul Kirby
The LeBaron Foundation
Dr. and Mrs. Burton J. McMurtry
Ms. Bettina Milliken and
Mr. David Padwa
The Millstream Fund
The National Dance Institute
Mrs. Ann R. Nitze
Mr. and Mrs. George O’Neill
The Sunil Paul and Michelle
Odom Foundation
Professor Martin Shubik
Mr. Marc R. Thompson
Professor Joseph F. Traub
Dr. David B. Weinberger
The Adam J. Weissman
Foundation
Dr. and Mrs. C.C. Wood
Thank you to those who supported the Cocktail Reception with President Mikhail Gorbachev on April 14, 2008.
Pictured: Bill Miller, SFI Trustee; Murray Gell-
Mann, SFI Distinguished Fellow and Trustee;
President Mikhail Gorbachev
Photo Credit: Tony Bonanno Photography
Ms. Maureen Mestas
Abrams
Mr. Brady Baxter
Ms. Camile Canzone and
Mr. Ron Tarrson
Mr. and Mrs. James Cohen
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne A.
Coleman
Honorable Charles W.
Daniels
Dr. Steven Garren and
Ms. Katherine Sturges
Mr. Bill Herrmann
Mr. Peter B. Komis
Mr. Michael Mauboussin
Ms. Cathryn L. Porter
Mr. and Mrs. Earl Potter
Mr. Vern Raburn
Mr. Dennis Roberts
Ambassador James
Sweeney
Mr. Jerry Watts and
Ms. Loma Dyre
Dr. David B. Weinberger
Event Sponsors
Century Bank
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Davis
Mr. Stephen Feinberg
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Gilbert
Global Green USA
Green Cross International
Inn and Spa at Loretto
Mrs. Mari Kooi, Wolf
International
Los Alamos National Bank
Peters Family Foundation
Governor Bill Richardson
Rocket Racing League, Inc.
Thaw Charitable Trust
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Tingle
44

Governance and Finance: Donors
$500 - 999
Mr. David Alexander and
Mrs. Margaret B. Alexander
Ariel Capital Management, LLC
Professor James B. Hartle
Mr. William E. Keller
Mr. Jonathan F. P. Rose
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Schuyler
Thornburg Mortgage Advisory
Corporation
Thornburg Investment
Management, Inc.
Mrs. Jill Tishman
Dr. and Mrs. Richard E.
White, Jr.
$250 - 499
Mr. Allen Downey
Ms. Virginia Gould
Mr. Gregory A. Howell,
Lean Construction Institute
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Knobeloch
Mr. N. H. Krikorian
Mr. and Mrs. Henry A. Lichstein
Mr. John A. Macdonald
Dr. and Mrs. Darragh E. Nagle
Mr. George Ruptier
Mr. and Mrs. Roger W. Waak
$100 - 249
Ms. Patricia Aiken
Mr. Charles F. Barr
Mr. Jeremy C. Bean
Mr. F. Gregg Bemis, Jr.
Dr. David Berley
Mr. James N. Bradbury
Mr. and Mrs. David W. Brown
Ms. Leigh Clarke
Ms. Jeanne L. Cotter
Professor Jack D. Cowan
Mr. Terry D. Decker
Mr. and Mrs. Lester J. Drapela
Mr. Vish Durga
Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Elrick II
Mr. Aron Faegre
Mr. Earl Fain
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce P. Fraser
Mr. J. Arthur Freed
Mr. Robert W. Gillespie
Dr. M. Peter Heilbrun
Mr. and Mrs. Sam Hillis
Dr. and Mrs. Z. W. Hutcheson, Jr.
Dr. D. Michel Judkiewicz,
XLAND sprl
Mr. Lawrence B. Kilham
Dr. and Mrs. Barry Kirschbaum
Ms. Patricia Kuhlhoff
Dr. Mark Lehner
Professor Simon A. Levin
Mrs. Shirley E. Lovely
Mr. Tom Marks and Ms. Jeanne
Thomas
Mr. Mike McGonagle and Mrs.
Wendy Dunaway
Mr. George Michas
Mr. and Mrs. William Miller
Mr. Andrew Mitchell
Mr. William J. Moher
Ms. Ruth J. Montllor
Professor Kai Nagel
Mr. John Nicksic
Mr. James Pelkey
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen
Pembridge
Thank you to those who attended the 25th Anniversary
Gala “The Road Less Traveled” held November
8, 2008 to celebrate the researchers and supporters
who have helped make SFI one of the most extraordinary
scientific communities in the world.
Pictured: Geoffrey West, SFI President & Distinguished
Professor; Tom Udall, U.S. Senator; Ann Nitze, SFI Trustee
Photo Credit: Tony Bonanno Photography
Santa Fe Westerners
Mr. Philip A. Schrodt
Ms. Mary E. Schruben
Dr. William L. Sharfman
Professor Richard L. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. St. John
Ms. Bobbi Teegarden
Mrs. F. Ulam
Mr. Ken Walz
Dr. Paul B. Whittemore
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Yohalem
$0 - 99
Mrs. R. Tobey Abrich
Mr. and Mrs. Leo D. Allen
Mr. and Mrs. Moses Ayala
Mr. Edward Beardsworth
Dr. Roger Beaumont
Mrs. Virginia L. Bell
Mr. Paul Bien
Ms. Josie Brigham
Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth Brooks
Mr. and Mrs. Blase B. Cindric
Dr. James K. Conrad
Dr. and Mrs. Gregory G. Dimijian
Mr. Eric Englund
Mrs. Sydney Ferguson
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel E. Gardner
Mrs. Coralie S. Ginsburg
Ms. Phyllis Graber
Maj. Gen Jack L. Hancock
Dr. and Mrs. Donald Herbert
Mr. and Mrs. James Higdon
Dr. Robert Hilley
Dr. Larry Icerman
Mr. and Mrs. M.C. Jones
Mr. Angus Lawson
Mr. and Mrs. Gerard S. Lemire
Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Mann
Mr. and Mrs. William Maxon
Mr. and Mrs. Maury A. Midlo
Mr. and Mrs. Dennis F. Miller
Mr. Haydock H. Miller
Mr. Gerald O’Grady
Mr. Jerome A. Offner
Ms. Patricia Piasecki
Mr. August Rane
Dr. Susan Reyner
Dr. Robert G. Ribe
Dr. John Rundle
Mr. Ernest A. Sammann
Dr. Jerome Singer
Dr. and Dr. Joseph Tainter
Dr. William R. Taylor, M.D.
Mr. H. L. Taylor
Mr. and Mrs. Howard Turner
Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Vodra
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Wertheim
Mr. and Mrs. Steven E.
Widergren
Dr. and Mrs. William H. Wiese
Dr. and Mrs. Walter M. Zierman
45

www.santafe.edu
SFI Staff
Margaret Alexander
Librarian
Kirill Balatsky
Computer Offi ce Intern
Karen Beaty
Accounting Assistant
Patrisia Brunello
Administrative Assistant/
Events Coordinator
Ronda Butler-Villa
Director of Publications,
Facilities & Human Resources
Wayne Coté
Events Manager
Casey Cox
Administrative Assistant,
Business Network
Vesna Currie
Coordinator, Special Projects
Lee Goodwin
Administrative Assistant,
Education and Outreach
Ginny Greninger
Manager, Offi ce of the President
Mari Hillis
Director of Accounting
Laurie Innes
Assistant to Murray Gell-Mann
Elisabeth Johnson
Senior Grants/Research Administrator
David Krakauer
Chair of Faculty and Professor
Shannon Larsen
Vice President, Development and
Corporate Relations
Elizabeth Martinez
Web Support/User Support Specialist
Nate Metheny
Information Technology Group Leader
Orlando Montoya
Maintenance
Atty Mullins
Information Architect/
Content Manager
Rich Murray
Director of Finance
Carolyn Resnicke
Visitor and Housing Manager
Ginger Richardson
Vice President,
Education and Outreach
Kristin Schuetz
Coordinator, Fund Development
Tim Taylor
Library Assistant
Tom Taylor
Accountant
Della Ulibarri
Assistant to Faculty
Laura Ware
Coordinator, Publications,
Facilities, & Human Resources
Geoffrey West
President and Distinguished Professor
C. C. Wood
Vice President, Administration
46

1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501