THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES) - SETatWork - Sustainable ...

World Leader in Thermal Energy Storage Systems 

THERMAL ENERGY 

STORAGE (TES) 

for 

Air Conditioning 

& 

Industrial Refrigeration


cristopia Energy Systems 


Head Office & Factory (French Riviera)




• Developed an original energy storage technology (STL) since 1982 

• Subsidiary of CIAT Group since 1988 

‣ LOCATION 

• Head office & factory in Vence (French Riviera) 

• Asian Office in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) 

‣ WORLD-WIDE WIDE REPRESENTATION 

• Distributors of CRISTOPIA technology in more than 25 countries 

‣ LICENCE AGREEMENTS 

• in Japan : Mitsubishi Corporation 

• in India : Cristopia Energy Systems India Private Ltd. (Joint Venture) 

• in China : Hangzhou CIAT Refrigeration Equipments Co. Ltd 

More than 1 500 references in 25 countries - 10 millions of kWh thermal 

daily shifted 

500 MW elec 

saved


cristopia engineering 

• An efficient technology adapted to customer needs 

• A team of engineer dedicated: 

– technical assistance for designing 

– adaptation for each project 

– Regulation and remote control system to optimized 

operation of the system 

– Technical assistance during the construction and 

commissioning 

– Management and optimization of your system performances 

• A unique know-how in R&D in Thermal Energy 

Storage systems


INTERNATIONAL NETWORK 

• European Union 

• Asia 

• France + DOM 

• North America 

• Other: Middle East, 

South America, …


INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION 

INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION 

Japan, India, China


WHY STORE 

ENERGY?


TRADITIONAL SOLUTION 

kW of refrigeration 

1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Daily Consumption 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

P CHILLER 

= 

P max 

Hours


THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTION 

PEAK SHAVING 


1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Discharge 

Direct Production 

Charge 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

P CHILLER 

= 

30 to 60 % 

of P max 

Hours




1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

Hours 


Off-Peak Electricity (Time Of Day) 


1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Discharge 


Charge 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

Hours






1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

Reduced Installed Capacity + Time Of Day 

Discharge 


Charge 

Hours 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 131415 16 17 18 19 202122 2324 

Hours




1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

Hours 


Total Storage 


1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

Discharge 

Charge 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

Hours






1 200 

1 000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

Back-Up or Short Occupancy Application 

1200 

1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

0 

0 

Back-up 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 

Discharge 

Charge 

Hours 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 

Hours


Energy Management With 

cristopia’s TES 

• Reduce 

– chiller size by 30 to 70% 

– use of refrigerant 

– cooling towers by 40 to 80% 

– electrical supply & distribution (transformer size) 

– chiller short cycling 

– maintenance cost 

– running cost 

– noise level 

–CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x emissions 

– electricity charges: demand charge (kW) and energy cost (kWh)

• Increase 



cristopia’s TES 

– cooling capacity from existing plant 

– electrical & plant utilisation 

– equipment life 

– efficiency and reliability 

– the control of your system 

• Additional benefits 

– avail yourself to a back-up system 

– shift cooling load from peak hours to off-peak period 

– energy savings


cristopia 

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE BY LATENT HEAT 

AIR CONDITIONING 

INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION 

BACK-UP 

For a better management and use of electricity 

For a better environment


AIR CONDITIONING 

• Office buildings, hotels 

• Hospitals, banks 

• Conference centres 

• Museums 

• Airports 

• Supermarkets, department stores 

• Sports centres 

• Theatres, cinemas, TV studios 

and back-up


INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION 

• Dairy and food industries 

• Bottling plants 

• Slaughter houses, meat industries 

• Cold storage, central kitchens 

• Breweries 

• Laboratories, pharmaceutical industries 

• Chemical plants, refineries 

• Computing rooms 

and back-up


BACK-UP 

• Computer rooms 

• Clean rooms 

• Cold storage 

– chemical 

– explosive 

• Theatres, cinemas, TV studios 

• Industrial processes 

– chemical 

– pharmaceutical 

• Telephone exchanges


HOW IS ENERGY 

STORED ?


HOW IS ENERGY STORED ? 

• SENSIBLE HEAT : water or glycol 

– low density of storage: water = 6-10 kWh/m 3 

– high volume and weight 

– high thermal losses 

• LATENT HEAT : PCM (salt hydrates / eutectics) 

– high density of storage: PCM = 93 kWh/m 3 

– reduced tank size (6-10 times smaller) 

– energy released at constant temperature 

cristopia = LATENT HEAT STORAGE


Concept of the Technology Developed by 

cristopia 

• Standard products: nodules 

– PCM: large range of temperatures 

– Encapsulation of PCM in small elements: spheres 

– Spheres manufactured with plastic material by blow 

moulding 

– Easy filling of nodules in tank: reduced manpower 

• Customized tank: 

– Standard tank: black steel or concrete 

– Tank designed according to site requirements 

– Tank manufactured locally


cristopia STL SYSTEM 

• tank 

(made to measure according to site 

requirement) 

• nodules 

Plug 

Air pocket 

Phase Change 

Material (PCM) 

Advanced polyolefines blend shell


THE NODULE 

• Polyolefines material : chemically neutral towards eutectics and heat transfer fluid 

• Controlled thickness : no migration of the heat transfer fluid 

• Cap ultrasonically welded 

• External diameter : 77 mm Low temperature applications 

98 mm Air conditioning & industrial refrigeration 

• Large heat exchange surface 

– 77 mm : 1 m 2 /kWh stored 

– 98 mm : 0.6 m 2 /kWh stored 

• Useful number of nodules per m 3 

– 77 mm : 2 548 

– 98 mm : 1 225 

Plug 

Air pocket 

Phase Change 

Material (PCM) 

Advanced polyolefines blend shell


HORIZONTAL TANK


VERTICAL TANK

BURRIED TANK 

World Leader in Thermal Energy Storage Systems


CONCRETE 

TANK


CONCRETE TANK


STL CHARACTERISTICS 

Nodule 

type 

Phase change 

temperature 

(°C) 

Latent heat 

Ql 

(kWh/m3) 

SN.33 - 33.0 44.6 

SN.29 - 28.9 39.3 

SN.26 - 26.2 47.6 

SN.21 - 21.3 39.4 

SN.18 - 18.3 47.5 

AN.15 - 15.4 46.4 

AN.12 - 11.7 47.7 

AN.10 - 10.4 49.9 

AN.06 - 5.5 44.6 

AN.03 - 2.6 48.3 

AC.00 0 48.4 

AC.27 + 27 44.5 

Data for 1 m 3 of tank 

Total Energy 

Stored 

(kWh/m3) 

55 

to 

65 

kWh 

i.e. 

16 

to 

18 

ton-hours


ADVANTAGES of the STL Technology 

• Large know-how based on more than 20 years of experience 

• System manufactured automatically with a high level of quality control 

• Storage temperatures adapted to usage (from -33°C to +27°C) 

• Static system 

• Closed system with high service pressures allowed (up to 10 bars) 

• Low pressure drop (standard value: 2.5 mWG) 

• Adaptability to the site: flexibility for the tank design (vertical, …) 

• Very high density of energy per m 2 (up to 1400 kWh/m 2 i.e. ~ 400 

Ton-hours/m 2 ) 

• Very high density of energy per m 3 : 55-65 kWh/m 3 i.e. ~ 17 Tonhours/m 

3 

• High cooling capacity in charge and discharge modes 

• Optimized time to store due to a high exchange surface 

• Eco-friendly system 

More than 1,500 references worldwide


THE SYSTEM 

• Chiller 

•STL 

•PHE 

• Expansion device 

• Pumps, valves 

• Control


STORAGE


PEAK SHAVING 

Discharge only


PEAK SHAVING 

Chiller + STL


EXAMPLE OF MEASUREMENT


CHARGE


DISCHARGE 

Time of day


DISCHARGE: Peak Shaving


HYDRAULIC SCHEMATICS


PARALLEL


PARALLEL


SERIES Upstream


SERIES Upstream


SERIES Downstream


SERIES Downstream


DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM 

Stockaid©


HOW TO DESIGN A STL? 

• Make the histogram of the design day needs 

• Calculate the daily consumption 

• Selection of the storage temperature ( Nodules type) regarding the operating 

temperature of the system 

• Definition of the chiller capacity 

• Calculation of the stored energy 

• Calculation of the storage volume 

• Selection of the STL 

• Checking of the discharge capacity 

• Checking of the charge capacity


OPTIMISATION 

• First calculation: find the minimum chiller capacity 

• Many solutions: 

• Chiller capacity 

• STL volume 

• Optimization of the solution according to the needs: 

• Electrical capacity available 

• Back up system 

• Limitation of the cooling towers 

• Capital cost 

• Exploitation cost


STL’s sizing with Stockaid©


STL’s sizing: Data


Case study: initial data 

• Operating temperatures: 7/12°C 

• PHE 

• Objectives: reduce the chiller capacity and 

operating cost 

• Strategy of use : 

• Peak shaving


STL’s sizing with Stockaid©


cristopia expertise: 

• Cristo’Control 

Control 

• Cristo’Pak


Cristo’Control 

Control 

CHILLER 

B.M.S. 

CRISTOPIA 

Web Server 

Internet 


USER 

www.cristocontrol.com



Control 

• Control of the primary loop 

• All TES strategies 

• Optimization of the STL 

discharge to maximize the 

savings 

• Internet connection 

• Remote management 

• E-reporting 

• Preventive maintenance 

• Performance guarantee



Control / STL - IN.10 - 20 

(1 100 kWh / 320 T.H) - Carrefour (Nîmes( 

mes) - France - 2004 

• Cooling Capacity 

– 400 kW at -6/-1°C 

• STL – IN.10 – 20 

• Cristo’Control


Cristo’Pak 

We can only manage … what we can measure! 

• CIAT LCM 2400 

– 435 kW at 5/10°C 

– 270 kW at –5.8/-2.7 °C 

• Transfer group: 750 kW 

• STL – AC.00 – 27 

• CRISTO’CONTROL 

– Remote management 

– E-reporting 

– Preventive maintenance


Cristo’Pak 

• Transfer Group 

– 250 kW at 7/12°C 

• STL – AC.00 – 22 



Cristo’Pak 


– 315 kW at 3/8°C 

• STL – IN.03 – 28 



Cristo’Pak 


– 350 kW at 7/12°C 

• STL – AC.00 – 24 



CRISTOPIA Energy Systems 

• 1 500 references in more 

than 25 countries 

• 10 000 000 kWh stored 

(2 850 000 Ton.Hours) 

• 500 MW elec saved 

Airport, bank, hospital, 

office building, department store, 

central kitchen, computer room, 

food industry, pharmaceutical plant, 

chemical plant, ...


cristopia 

cristopia’s Largest References 

• MM21 DCS, 1994 (Japan): STL-00-2200 (121 MWh) 

• Brussels Airport, 1995-2002 (Belgium): STL-AC.00-1050 (58 MWh) 

• Bangsar DCS, 1997 (Malaysia): STL-AC.00-1900 (105 MWh) 

• Lynwood Jail, 1998 (USA, CA): STL-AC.00-600 (33 MWh) 

• UKM University, 2000 (Malaysia): STL-AC.00-800 (44 MWh) 

• Tidel Park, 2000 (Chennaï, India): STL-AC.00-1400 (77 MWh) 

• LA Main Jail Facility, 2001 (USA, CA): STL-AC.00-2626 (144 MWh) 

• Fiera Di Rimini, 2003 (Rimini, Italy): STL-AC.00-1100 (61 MWh) 

• AsiaWorld Expo, 2004 (Hong Kong, China): STL-AC.00-1404 (77 

MWh) 

• KLCC, 2005 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia): STL-AC.00-3000 (165 MWh)


AIRPORT “Nice” 

France - 1983-2001 

STL - AC.00 - 205 (11 300 kWh / 3 200 T.H)


DCS “MM21” 

Yokohama (Japan) 

1994 

2 STL - 00 - 1 100 

(121 000 kWh 

35 000 T.H)


DCS “MM21” 

Yokohama (Japan) 

1994 

2 STL - 00 - 1 100 

(121 000 kWh 

35 000 T.H)


DCS “MM21” - Yokohama (Japan) 1994 

Measurements


DCS “BANGSAR” 

Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - 1997 

5 STL - AC - 380 (105 000 kWh / 30 000 T.H)


DCS “BANGSAR” 

Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - 1997 

5 STL - AC - 380 (105 000 kWh / 30 000 T.H)


BREWERY “GUINNESS / Harp” 

Dundalk (Ireland)( 

- 1992 

2 STL - N10 - 100 

(11 000 kWh / 3 100 T.H)


BREWERY 

“GUINNESS / Harp” 


1992 

2 STL - N10 - 100 

(11 000 kWh 

3 100 T.H)




- 1992 

MONITORED RESULTS: Max Demand 

Note: Plant throughput increased by 9.6% from 1.008M to 1.106M HL 

3500 

3000 

Old 

2500 

New 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

0 

J F M A M J J A S O N D

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

Total 

Site 

Night 

Total 

Refrig 

Old 

New 




- 1992 

MONITORED RESULTS: GWh Electrical 

Note: Plant throughput increased by 9.6% from 1.008M to 1.106M HL 

Total site consumption reduced 

by 6% 

Night consumption increased 

by 1m units 

Refrigeration consumption 

reduced by 16% 

– 4.073GWh elec to 3.403GWh elec 

kWh(elect) consumed on 

refrigeration per Hecto-litre of 

beer reduced from 4.036 to 

3.075 kWh elec /HL


BREWERY “GUINNESS/Mac 

Ardles Moore” 


- 1995 

STL - N10 - 77 (4 300 kWh / 1 200 T.H)


LYNWOOD JAIL 

Los Angeles (USA) - 1998 

STL - AC - 600 (33 000 kWh / 9 400 T.H)


MONTE CARLO PALACE 

Monaco - 1987 

STL - 00 – 19 (1 050 kWh / 300 T.H)


CHEMICAL “SHELL” 

Berre (France) - 1990 

STL - 00 - 6 (300 kWh / 100 T.H)


BREWERY 

“Suntory 

Tonegawa” 

Japan - 1987 

STL - 00 - 50 

(2 800 kWh 

800 T.H)


ICE RINK 

Grenoble - 2001 

STL - IN.06 - 10 (550 kWh / 150 T.H)


BREWERY 

“HAACHT” Brussels - 2002 

STL - IN.10 - 32 (1 800 kWh / 500 T.H)


MILLENIUM PHARMACEUTICAL 

Cambridge (England) – 2002 

STL - AC.00 - 150 (8 250 kWh / 2 300 T.H)


MILLENIUM PHARMACEUTICAL 

Cambridge (England) – 2002 

STL - AC.00 - 150 (8 250 kWh / 2 300 T.H)


AIRPORT “Zaventem” 

Brussels - 1992-2002 

STL - AC.00 - 1050 (58 000 kWh / 16 400 T.H)


LOS ANGELES COUNTY 

MAIN JAIL FACILITY 

LA (USA( 

USA) - 2002 

STL - AC.00 - 2626 

(145 000 kWh / 40 000 T.H)


ANCONA AIRPORT 

Ancona (Italy) - 2002 

STL - AC.00 - 120 (6 600 kWh / 1 900 T.H)


RIMINI TRADE FAIR 

Rimini (Italy) – 2001 / 2004 

STL - AC.00 - 1 100 (60 500 kWh / 17 200 T.H)


AsiaWorld Expo 

Hong Kong (China) - 2004 

STL - AC.00 - 1 404 (77 250 kWh / 22 000 T.H)


SERAYA MALL 

Pekanbaru (Indonesia) - 2004 

STL - AC.00 - 240 (13 200 kWh / 3 800 T.H)


KLCC DCS 

Kuala Lumpur 

(Malaysia) – 2006 

STL - AC.00 - 3 000 

(165 000 kWh / 47 000 T.H)



• Technical 

– reduction of installed 

chiller capacity & 

cooling towers 

– reduction of shortcycling 

– reduction of electrical 

supply 

– increase in system 

efficiency and reliability 

– simplified maintenance 

– flexible system 

cristopia’s STL 

• Environmental 

– limitation of the use of refrigerants 

– reduction of CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x 

emissions 

– saving of up to 15 % of energy 

due to a better energy 

management 

• Financial 

– shifting of kWh from day to night 

– saving on the maximum demand 

charges 

– energy saving

cristopia 


cristopia Engineering 

Efficient and reliable technology adapted to the requirement of 

our customers 

A team of engineers for your project: 

Technical assistance for the design 

Optimization of the solution (project management) 

Control system solutions for the operation of your 

installation 

Technical assistance for installation and commissioning 

Follow up and optimization of the system performances 

with the “Cristo’Control” 

A unique know-how in R&D in the field of thermal energy 

storage


cristopia! 

Please contact cristopia 

info@cristopia.com - www.cristopia.com 

www.cristocontrol.com 

Low capital cost 

Use of off-peak electricity 

Environmentally friendly 

Energy savings 

Maintenance free 

Reduction of CO 2 emissions 

Lower operating cost 

Low quantity of refrigerant 

Efficient energy management

THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES) - SETatWork - Sustainable ...

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