Compounds - Mark Rosengarten

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Ternary compound - an ionic compound containing at least one POLYATOMIC ion. Polyatomic Ionion made from two or more atoms (Reference Table E). Look them up and notice four things: 1) They are all made of more than one atom 2) Almost all of them have a NEGATIVE charge 3) Almost all of them contain OXYGEN 4) The positively charged ones end in –ium, the negatively charged ones end in –ide, -ite or –ate: TWO atoms: -ide (CN - , OH - , O 2 2- ) LESS O’s: -ite (NO 2 - = nitrite) (hypo- means one less oxygen than –ite) MORE O’s: -ate (NO 3 - = nitrate) (per- means one more oxygen than –ate) The rules for writing ternary compounds are the same as for binary formulas, with the following modifications: 1) Parentheses surrounding the polyatomic ion and a subscript will be used when there is more than one polyatomic ion in the formula. 2) In naming, the + ion still retains its name (with the Stock System used where appropriate). The only + polyatomic ion of note is the ammonium (NH 4 + ) ion, this retains its name. 3) The NEGATIVE ion will most likely be the polyatomic ion, which retains its name. WRITING TERNARY FORMULAS GIVEN THE NAME Name How to write the formula (verify charges using periodic table) Formula Ammoniium sulfide Ammonium is K +1 , sulfide is S -2 (NH 4 ) 2 S Cobalt (II) cyanide Cobalt (II) is Co +2 , cyanide is CN -1 Co(CN) 2 Cobalt (III) sulfate Cobalt (III) is Co +3 -2 , sulfate is SO 4 Co 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Tin (II) nitrate Tin (II) is Sn +2 -1 , nitrate is NO 3 Sn(NO 3 ) 2 Tin (IV) nitrate Tin (IV) is Sn +4 -1 , nitrate is NO 3 Sn(NO 3 ) 4 Calcium phosphate Calcium is Ca +2 -3 , phosphate is PO 4 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Aluminum dichromate Aluminum is Al +3 -2 , dichromate is Cr 2 O 7 Al 2 (Cr 2 O 7 ) 3 Silver nitrite Silver is Ag +1 -3 , nitrite is NO 2 AgNO 2 © 2011, Mark Rosengarten AE 10
NAMING TERNARY COMPOUNDS GIVEN THE FORMULAS Formula How to determine name Name KNO 3 K only has one charge, so K +1 is called potassium. NO -1 3 is called Potassium nitrate nitrate. ZnSO 4 Zn only has one charge, so Zn +2 is called zinc. SO -2 4 is called Zinc sulfate oxide. Fe(NO 2 ) 2 Fe has two charges listed, so use NO 2 to determine Fe’s charge. Iron (II) nitrite Each NO 2 is –1, so two of them would be –2. To add up to zero, Fe has to be charged +2, called iron (II). NO -1 2 is called nitrite. Fe(NO 2 ) 3 Fe has two charges listed, so use NO 2 to determine Fe’s charge. Iron (III) nitrite Each NO 2 is –1, so three of them would be –3. To add up to zero, Fe has to be charged +3, called iron (III). NO -1 2 is called bromide. Ag 2 CO 3 Ag only has one charge, so Ag +1 is called silver. CO -2 3 is called Silver carbonate carbonate. Cr 2 (SO 3 ) 3 Cr has three charges listed, so use SO 3 to determine Cr’s charge. Chromium (III) sulfite Each SO 3 is –2, so three of them would be –6. To add up to zero, Cr has to be charged +6 total. Since there are two Cr’s, each one is charged +3, called chromium (III). SO -2 3 is called sulfite. Cr(SO 3 ) 3 Cr has three charges listed, so use SO 3 to determine Cr’s charge. Chromium (VI) sulfite Each SO 3 is –2, so three of them would be –6. To add up to zero, Cr has to be charged +6, called chromium (VI). SO -2 3 is called sulfite. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Calcium only has one charge, so Ca +2 is called calcium. PO -3 4 is Calcium phosphate called phosphate. CuCrO 4 Cu has two charges listed, so use CrO 4 to determine Cu’s charge. Copper (II) chromate CrO 4 is –2, so to add up to zero, Cu has to be charged +2, called copper (II). CrO -2 4 is called chromate. Cu 2 CrO 4 Cu has two charges listed, so use CrO 4 to determine Cu’s charge. CrO 4 is –2, so to add up to zero, Cu has to be charged +2 total. Since there are two copper ions, each one must be charged +1, called copper (I). CrO -2 4 is called chromate Copper (I) chromate © 2011, Mark Rosengarten AE 11
Page 1 and 2: Compounds Word Binary compound Dipo
Page 3 and 4: MOLECULAR POLARITY How can you tell
Page 5 and 6: NONPOLAR MOLECULES ). If the molecu
Page 7 and 8: SUMMING IT ALL UP: A FLOWCHART So,
Page 9: Refer to the ion charges here when
Page 13 and 14: 3) Formula Mass (HW: p. 30, 31) Ess
Page 15 and 16: A) CONVERTING MOLES TO GRAMS AND GR
Page 17 and 18: 3) Hydrates: Ionic solids with wate
Page 19 and 20: Determining the % Of Water In A Hyd
Page 21 and 22: C) MOLECULAR FORMULAS - Molecular f
Page 23 and 24: ) mole --> number (multiply by 6.02
Page 25 and 26: C) For each of the following molecu
Page 27 and 28: 2) Ternary Compounds: a) Write the
Page 29 and 30: 4) Fill in the blanks for each mole
Page 31 and 32: E) Calculate the formula masses in
Page 33 and 34: 6) CuSO 4 . 5 H2 O %Cu =__________
Page 35 and 36: D) Determine the molecular formulas
Page 37: 9) 10 moles of NaCl are needed to c

Compounds - Mark Rosengarten

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