Tissue refractive index as marker of disease - Quantitative Light ...

Tissue refractive index as marker of disease
Zhuo Wang 1 , Krishnarao Tangella 2 , Andre Balla 3 , and Gabriel Popescu 1 *
1 Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science
& Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
2 Department of Pathology, Christie Clinic and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, IL 61801
3 Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
*gpopescu@illinois.edu
Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary figures
Supplementary Figure 1 Camera picture of unstained and stained slides: a) unstained slide; b)
H&E stained slide; c) K903 stained slide; d) P504S/AMACR stained slide.

Supplementary Figure 2
Supplementary Figure 2 Lymphocytes identification; objective is 10X/0.3. Scale bar: 100μm.
(a) SLIM image; color bar indicates optica path length in nm. (b) H&E stained image. The high
refractive index cells in (a) turn out to be blue in H&E. (c) CD45 stained image. CD45 antibody
reacts with both alloantigens and all isoforms of the CD45 leukocyte common antigen (LCA),
and is used as a reporter of lymphocytes in prostate tissues. Lymphocytes were confirmed with
CD45 staining.

Supplementary Figure 3
Supplementary Figure 3 Stromal cells identification; objective is 10X/0.3. Scale bar: 100μm.
(a) SLIM image; color bar indicates optical path length in nm. (b) H&E stained image. The
high refractive index cells in (a) are black in H&E. (c) P63 stained image. p63 is a recently
characterized p53-homolog that is consistently expressed by basal/somatic stem cells of stratified
epithelia, myoepithelial cells of the breast and salivary glands, and proliferative compartment of
gastric mucosa. The cells are negative and thus not myoepithelial cells. (d) CD45 stained image.
CD45 antibody reacts with both alloantigens and all isoforms of the CD45 leukocyte common
antigen (LCA), and is used as a reporter of lymphocytes in prostate tissues. The cells are
negative and thus not lymphocytes. (e) pan-CK stained image. pan-CK is intended for laboratory
use to identify epithelial cells using light microscopy. The cells are negative and thus not of
epithelial origin.

Supplementary Figure 4
Supplementary Figure 4 Eleven cases used for the prostate cancer study summarized in Fig. 4.
First column: SLIM images, color bar in nm; second column: H&E stained images; third
column: ls map, color bar in μm; fourth column: K903 stained images; fifth column:
P504S/AMACR stained images. Out of all the eleven cases, seven cases are rated Gleason grade
6/10, two cases are rated Gleason grade 7/10, one case is Gleason grade 9/10 and one case is
benign.

Supplementary Figure 5
Supplementary Figure 5 Statistical parameters for 49 cancerous areas and 51 benign areas from
11 biopsies. (a) Standard deviation vs. Mean; (b) Skewness vs. Mean; (c) Kurtosis vs. Mean; (d)
Mode vs. Mean; (e) Standard deviation/Mean vs. standard deviation; (f) Mode vs. Standard
deviation/Mean.