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DERI INNSBRUCK
Leopold-Franzens
Universität Innsbruck

DERI – Digital Enterprise Research Institute
A Research Plan for DERI Innsbruck:
Moving from software to serviceware
and from syntax to semantics
Jos de Bruijn,
Alice Carpentier,
Ying Ding,
Dieter Fensel,
Martin Hepp,
Stijn Heymans,
Holger Lausen,
Birgit Leiter,
Christian Mayer,
Melanie Plattner,
Thomas Strang,
Michal Zaremba
DERI Galway
National University of Ireland
Galway
Ireland
www.deri.ie
DERI Innsbruck
University of Innsbruck
Technikerstrasse 21a
Innsbruck
Austria
www.deri.at
DERI Korea
267 Deokil Bldg (Saltlux),
Daechi-dong, Gangnam-gu,
Seoul 135-848
Korea
www.deri-korea.org
DERI Stanford
Stanford University
Serra Mall
Stanford
USA
www.deri.us
September 20, 2006

Abstract. A large research body needs a structure to facilitate the potential
strength implicitly present in its size. This report is about releasing the full
potential that DERI Innsbruck has in this respect. We derive objectives from the
overall vision of DERI and align them with researchers and research projects
through the means of research cluster.

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 6
2. SURVEY.................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1. OBJECTIVES........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2. CLUSTERS..........................................................................................................................................14
2.3. PROJECTS ..........................................................................................................................................15
2.4. RESEARCH BODY...............................................................................................................................17
2.4.1. Student researchers...................................................................................................................17
2.4.2. Junior researchers ....................................................................................................................17
2.4.3. Senior researchers.....................................................................................................................24
3. REASONABLE SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES CLUSTER (RSWS) ...............................................25
3.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................25
3.2. OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................................27
3.2.1. Discovery ...................................................................................................................................27
3.2.2. Choreography............................................................................................................................29
3.2.3 Formal Languages.....................................................................................................................32
3.2.4 Reasoning...................................................................................................................................38
3.3. PROJECTS ..........................................................................................................................................42
3.3.1. Infrawebs...................................................................................................................................42
3.3.2. Knowledge Web.........................................................................................................................44
3.3.3. RW²............................................................................................................................................45
3.3.4. Salero.........................................................................................................................................47
3.3.5. Sekt ............................................................................................................................................48
3.3.6. SemNetMan...............................................................................................................................49
3.3.7. SenSE ........................................................................................................................................50
3.4. STAFF.................................................................................................................................................51
3.4.1. Student Researchers..................................................................................................................52
3.4.2. Junior Researchers ...................................................................................................................52
3.4.2.1. Darko Anicic..................................................................................................................................... 53
3.4.2.2. Jos de Bruijn..................................................................................................................................... 56
3.4.2.3. Dimitrij Denissenko.......................................................................................................................... 63
3.4.2.4. Cristina Feier.................................................................................................................................... 64
3.4.2.5. Uwe Keller ........................................................................................................................................ 68
3.4.2.6. Holger Lausen................................................................................................................................... 73
3.4.2.7. Ruzica Piskac.................................................................................................................................... 78
3.4.2.8. Richard Pöttler................................................................................................................................. 80
3.4.2.9. James Scicluna.................................................................................................................................. 81
3.4.2.10. Alexander Wahler .......................................................................................................................... 85
3.4.3. Senior Researchers....................................................................................................................87
3.4.3.1. Stijn Heymans................................................................................................................................... 87
4. SEMANTICS IN BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS CLUSTER (SEBIS).............................92
4.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................92
4.2. OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................................94
4.2.1. Ontologies..................................................................................................................................94
4.3. PROJECTS ..........................................................................................................................................99
4.3.1. DIP.............................................................................................................................................99
4.3.2. EASAIER ................................................................................................................................101
4.3.3. EastWeb...................................................................................................................................102
4.3.4. EnIRaf.....................................................................................................................................103
4.3.5. etPlanner .................................................................................................................................104
4.3.6. MUSING .................................................................................................................................105
4.3.7. myOntology..............................................................................................................................106
4.3.8. OnTourism ..............................................................................................................................108
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4.3.9. SUPER Martin .............................................................................................................................110
4.4. STAFF...............................................................................................................................................112
4.4.1. Student Researchers................................................................................................................112
4.4.2. Junior Researchers .................................................................................................................112
4.4.2.1. Tobias Bürger................................................................................................................................. 113
4.4.2.2. Jan Henke ....................................................................................................................................... 116
4.4.2.4. Dumitru Roman ............................................................................................................................. 117
4.4.2.5. Francois Scharffe............................................................................................................................ 122
4.4.2.6. Katharina Siorpaes ........................................................................................................................ 125
4.4.2.7. Michael Stollberg ........................................................................................................................... 126
4.4.3. Senior Researchers..................................................................................................................131
4.4.3.1. Ying Ding ........................................................................................................................................ 131
4.4.3.2. Martin Hepp ................................................................................................................................... 137
5. SEMANTIC EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT CLUSTER (SEE)....................................................144
5.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................144
5.2. OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................................................147
5.2.1. Applications.............................................................................................................................147
5.2.2. Developer tools ........................................................................................................................149
5.2.3. Mediation.................................................................................................................................153
5.2.4. Execution management ..........................................................................................................156
5.3. PROJECTS ........................................................................................................................................159
5.3.1. Adaptive Service Grid..............................................................................................................159
5.3.3. SEEMP....................................................................................................................................160
5.3.4. SemanticGov............................................................................................................................161
5.3.5 SemBiz......................................................................................................................................162
5.3.6. SUPER Michal .............................................................................................................................163
5.3.7. TSC ..........................................................................................................................................165
5.4. STAFF...............................................................................................................................................167
5.4.1. Student Researchers................................................................................................................167
5.4.2. Junior Researchers .................................................................................................................167
5.4.2.1. Emilia Cimpian............................................................................................................................... 168
5.4.2.2. Graham Hench ............................................................................................................................... 171
5.4.2.3. Zhou Jingtao................................................................................................................................... 173
5.4.2.4. Mick Kerrigan ................................................................................................................................ 180
5.4.2.5. Adrian Mocan................................................................................................................................. 185
5.4.2.6. Omair Shafiq .................................................................................................................................. 190
5.4.2.7. Adina Sirbu..................................................................................................................................... 196
5.4.2.8. Zhixian Yan .................................................................................................................................... 198
5.4.3. Senior Researchers..................................................................................................................199
5.4.3.1. Michal Zaremba ............................................................................................................................. 199
6. UBIQUITOUS SERVICES CLUSTER (UBISERV)..........................................................................206
6.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................206
6.2. OBJECTIVES.....................................................................................................................................207
6.2.1. Adaptation ...............................................................................................................................207
6.2.2. Grounding ...............................................................................................................................209
6.2.3. Storage & Communication .....................................................................................................210
6.3. PROJECTS ........................................................................................................................................215
6.3.1. GRISINO.................................................................................................................................215
6.3.2. SWING ....................................................................................................................................217
6.3.3. TripCom...................................................................................................................................218
6.4. STAFF...............................................................................................................................................220
6.4.1. Student Researchers................................................................................................................220
6.4.2. Junior Researchers .................................................................................................................220
6.4.2.1. Jacek Kopecky................................................................................................................................ 220
6.4.2.2. Reto Krummenacher...................................................................................................................... 223
6.4.2.3. Ioan Toma....................................................................................................................................... 228
4

6.4.3. Senior Researcher ...................................................................................................................236
6.4.3.1. Michael Jäger ................................................................................................................................. 236
6.4.3.2. Axel Polleres ................................................................................................................................... 236
6.4.3.3. Thomas Strang ............................................................................................................................... 238
7. BEYOND RESEARCH: TEACHING, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, AND GENERAL
MANGEMENT..........................................................................................................................................246
7.1 TEACHING ........................................................................................................................................246
7.2 BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................251
7.2.1. General Description ................................................................................................................251
7.2.2. Projects ....................................................................................................................................252
7.2.2.1. DERI BusinessDevelopment ....................................................................................................................... 253
7.3. CENTRAL MANAGEMENT UNIT ......................................................................................................255
7.3.1. DERI Exchange .............................................................................................................................255
7.3.2. DERI Sustainability .........................................................................................................................255
7.3.3. Knowledge Web Network ........................................................................................................256
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................257
APPENDIX................................................................................................................................................262
5

1. Introduction
In general, a research institutes based on external funding has three major challenges to
meet:
• It needs to provide excellent research results to justify its existence.
• It needs to provide excellent education for its researchers to mature its outcomes.
• It needs to provide excellent performance in research projects to ensure its
funding.
Unfortunately, these three dimensions may define conflicting requirements. In
consequence it is essential to align them properly. We have chosen a top-down approach
where an overall vision and mission is used to align these dimensions properly. In [1], the
vision of serviceware as the next natural step beyond hardware and software is
introduced: “After four decades of rapid advances in computing, we are embarking on the
greatest leap forward in computing that includes revolutionary changes at all levels of
computing from the hardware through the middleware and infrastructure to applications
and more importantly in intelligence. This paper outlines a comprehensive framework
that ingtegrates two complimentary and revolutionary technical advances, Service-
Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Semantic Web, into a single computing architecture,
that we call Semantically Enabled Service-Oriented Architecture (SESA). While SOA is
widely acknowledged for its potential to revolutionize the world of computing, that
success depends on resolving two fundamental challenges that SOA does not address,
integration, and search or mediation. In a services-oriented world, billions of services
must be discovered and selected based on requirements, then orchestrated and adapted or
integrated. SOA depends on but does not address either search or integration. The
contribution of this paper is to provide the semantics-based solution to search and
integration that will enable the SOA revolution. The paper provides a vision of the future
enabled by our framework that places computing and programming at the services layer
and places the real goal of computing, problem solving, in the hands of end users.” Based
on this SESA vision, a top down approach for organizing the research body in Innsbruck
is developed. This implies the following:
• Objectives are derived from the mission to realize the SESA vision.
• Projects must contribute to one or several of the components of SESA, probably
on a 80% rule, i.e., 20% can be about different or related topics. This reflects the
need for opportunisms since we are cooperating in this process with funding
agencies and external partners that both have their own agendas.
• Researcher and their research topics follow from sub aspects of some of the
objectives. Again, this should hold for at least 80% of these topics.
Finally, DERI Innsbruck has clusters as a means to decompose research, the large
number of researchers, and project responsibility. Each cluster is responsible for a
number of objectives, a number of researchers, and a number of projects.
6

In the following section, namely Section 2, we provide a general summary on goal,
project, and research staff distribution over clusters. The subsequent sections, Section 3
to Section 6, introduce the four research clusters of DERI. Each of these sections is
divided into the following subsections, general description, objectives, projects and staff.
Section 7 adds further activities of DERI beyond its focus on research. These activities
are related to teaching, business development, and general management.
7

2. Survey
We will survey objectives, clusters, projects and research staff
2.1. Objectives
A objective usually combines a research area, i.e., a major research challenges in SW(S)
and SESA together with an implementation effort related to it. 1 A objective typically has
a corresponding architectural component, and vice versa. A tight coupling between
objectives and architectural components is desirable. The WSMX platform [2] provides a
SESA environment which facilitates prototype development. The major outcome of each
of the objectives consists of peer-reviewed conference and journal publications. The
prototypes associated with the papers are the major outcome of the architectural
components which are associated with the research components.
We distinguish 4 different types of elements of an overall SESA where each element type
is composed by some sub functionalities:
• The problem-solving layer which consists of (1) Ontologies, (2) Applications
(e.g., e-tourism, e-government) and (3) Developer tools (GUI tools such as
ontology/web service description engineering tools; generic developer tools such
as language APIs, parsers/serializers, converters, etc.).
• The broker layer which consists of (4) Discovery, (5) Adaptation (including
selection and negotiation), (6) Composition (web service composition techniques
such as planning), (7) Choreography, (8) Mediation ((a) Ontology mediation:
techniques for combining Ontologies and for overcoming differences between
Ontologies; (b) Process mediation: overcoming differences in message ordering,
etc.), (9) Grounding, (10) Fault Handling (Transactionality, Compensation,
etc.), and (11) Monitoring.
• The base layer that is providing the exchange formalism used by the architecture,
i.e., (12) Formal languages (static ontology and behavioral, i.e.,
capability/choreography/orchestration languages, connection between higherlevel
descriptions, e.g., WSML), (13) Reasoning (techniques for reasoning over
formal descriptions; LP, DL, FOL, behavioral languages, etc.) and (14) Storage
and Communication.
• Finally, vertical services such as (15) Execution management and (16) Security
(authentication/authorization, encryption, trust/certification).
1 Existing working group such as WSML will become a working group of a certain objective.
8

The following image presents the current status of WSMX architecture.
Hereby, the overall roadmap is as following:
Figure 2.1.1 SESA Architecture
• Currently, DERI Innsbruck focuses on the following essential components to
boot-strap the overall approach: (1) Ontologies, (2) Applications, (3) Developer
tools, (4) Discovery, (5) Adaptation, (6) Composition, (7) Choreography, (8)
Mediation, (9) Grounding, (12) Formal languages, (13) Reasoning, (14)
Storage and Communication, (15) Execution management.
• There are no concrete plans yet for (10) Fault Handling, (11) Monitoring, and
(16) Security. Some of this work may be provided by external DERI cooperation
partners.
The following table summarizes these objectives and their leaders.
Objectives
No Objective Cluster Leader
1 Ontologies
In this research topic, we want to advance the state of
the art in the creation and the use of ontologies for the
automation of business processes. Ontologies in our
understanding are community contracts about a
representation of a domain of discourse. Representation
in here includes (1) formal parts that can be used for
machine reasoning, and (2) informal parts like natural
language descriptions and multimedia elements that
help humans establish, maintain, and renew consensus
about the meaning of concepts. Our research output will
SEBIS Martin Hepp
9

e mainly (1) actual ontologies and ontology
frameworks for typical application domains, (2)
methodologies for the semi-automatic creation of
ontologies from informal specifications and standards,
(3) process models and infrastructure for collaborative
ontology engineering, (4) showcase of ontology usage
in typical enterprise scenarios, and (5) economic models
for ontology creation and usage.
2 Applications
Mission of the application research topic is to develop a
common understanding of the various technologies
intended to facilitate the use of other services of SESA.
This working group will develop (1) use case scenarios
that help validate the real-world fitness of SESA
components and (2) domain-specific implementations
which will be used for testing of SESA services.
3 Developer tools
The mission of the developer tools working group is to
produce high quality tools related to Semantic Web
Services that can be used by users of all competency
levels. To this end we provide a large number of tools
that can be used by users with different skill sets.
Members of the working group are working on tools for
managing WSMO ontologies, web services, goals and
mediators, for creating mappings between WSMO
ontologies for runtime mediation, for executing WSDL
web services and managing WSMO execution
environments.
4 Discovery
The goal of the discovery working group is to define a
methodology that allows to model services at a suitable
level of granularity. Furthermore we will provide
different discovery implementations that are compatible
with WSMO, WSML and specifically WSMX. The
discovery group will use the languages developed in the
formal languages group and make use of the reasoner
support provided by the reasoner group.
5 Adaptation
After discovering a set of potentially useful services, the
Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) needs to check
whether the services can actually fulfill the user's
SEE,
(SEBIS) 2
SEE
RSWS,
(SEE) 2
UbiServ
Michal
Zaremba
Mick Kerrigan
Holger Lausen,
Mick Kerrigan
Ioan Toma
2 Goals are distributed over clusters. Some goals may require the cooperation of several clusters. In this
case there is a lead cluster and an assisting cluster (indicated by brackets).
10

concrete goal and under what conditions. Those that
cannot fulfill the goal are removed from the list of
discovered services. This step is required as it is not
feasible for a service to provide an exhaustive semantic
description. Giving the Amazon bookstore service as an
example, it is not feasible for Amazon to update the
semantic description of their Web service every time a
new book is available or the status of an existing book is
changed, therefore we must check that Amazon actually
currently has a copy of the book requested by the user,
and at an acceptable price. The process of checking
whether and under what conditions a service can fulfill a
concrete Goal is part of what we call negotiation in SEE,
and it also encompasses so-called filtering.
6 Composition
Develop methods to do web service composition (WSC),
starting from web service descriptions at various levels
of abstraction, specifically, the functional level and
process level components of WSMO. Implement such
methods as tools in the relevant contexts, in particular
WSMX. Find potential applications of WSC technology,
model them using WSMO/WSML, and run case studies
with the developed tools, ultimately resulting in
technology export.
7 Choreography
The Choreography part of SEE is meant to provide a
process language which should allow for formal
specifications of interactions and processes between the
service modeling and clients, define reasoning tasks that
should be performed using this language, and implement
an engine to support the execution of interactions, as
well as to support reasoning in this language.
8 Mediation
Mediation in SESA aims at providing flexible mediation
service at both data and process level. The min focus on
Data Mediation provides automatic transformation of
data used in conversation between various parties based
on ontology mappings. Additionally, techniques for
ontology mappings optimization and global schema
generation are investigated, together with their potential
in query rewriting. As a support for all these mediation
scenarios a uniform mapping language is developed,
with strong links and support towards automatic
mappings generation. The Process Mediator component
has the task of solving the communication (behavioral)
mismatches that may occur during the communication
RSWS,
(SEBIS,
SEE) 2
SEE
Jörg Hoffmann
James Scicluna
Adrian Mocan
11

etween a requestor and a provider of a service. As in
WSMO, the requestor is a WSMO Goal, while the
provider is a Semantic Web Service, the Process
Mediator’s task is be to accommodate the mismatches
between the goal’s requested Choreography and the
SWS’s choreography.
9 Grounding
Apart from discovering Web services and composing
them, the Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) also
needs to communicate with the Web services — send the
necessary request messages and receive the responses.
Because internal communication within the SEE uses
semantic data and practically all currently deployed Web
services use their specific XML formats, the External
Communication component needs to translate between
the involved data forms. This translation is also known
as data grounding. Above that, this component also
needs to support concrete network protocols (HTTP,
SOAP, other bindings) to be able to exchange messages
with the Web service. As grounding has to be based on
the Web Services Description Language (WSDL), the
work on this component also contains W3C efforts
towards Semantic Web Services. In particular, this
means the WSDL RDF mapping from Web Service
Description WG, and the Semantic Annotations for
WSDL in the SA-WSDL WG.
12 Formal languages
Descriptions in a Semantically-Enabled Service Oriented
Architecture (SESA) need different formal languages for
the specification of different aspects of knowledge and
services. The descriptions in a SESA can be decomposed
into four dimensions:
• Static knowledge (Ontologies)
• Functional description (capabilities)
• Behavioural description (choreography and
orchestration)
• Non-functional Properties
It is our mission to develop and combine languages for
these dimensions of description in a SESA. In the
process we will relate these modelings to current and
upcoming Semantic Web and Web Service modelings.
13 Reasoning
We will develop an efficient and extensible reasoning
engine for expressive rule-based languages (WSML
Core/Flight/Rule), as well as description logic based
languages (WSML-DL). The reasoner will be based on
UbiServ
RSWS
RSWS
Jacek Kopecky
Jos de Bruijn
Darko Anicic
and Stijn
Heymans
12

state-of-the-art reasoning algorithms (for query
answering, logical entailment, etc.). The Semantic
Execution Environment (SEE) needs the reasoning
component for service discovery as well as both process
and data mediation. Mission critical features of the
Reasoning component are: hybrid reasoning based on
DLs and logic programming, reasoning with very large
instance bases, reasoning with heterogeneous and
conflicting information, and reasoning in distributed
environments. Also one of our major objectives is the
implementation of Rule Interchange Format (RIF). RIF
aims to specify a common format for rules in order to
allow rule interchange between diverse rule systems.
This format (or language) will function as an interlingua
into which rule languages can be mapped, allowing rules
written in different languages to be executed in the same
reasoner engine. The RIF layer our reasoner engine will
be capable of handling rules from diverse rule systems
and will make WSML rule sets interchangeable with rule
sets written in other languages that are also supported by
RIF.
14 Storage & Communication
The storage components, plural on purpose, shall
provide repositories to store “objects” needed to ensure
successful processing of user request to SESA. There
might be a need for different storages tailored to the
particular needs: web service descriptions, goals,
mediation rules, workflows, and execution semantics. It
is already known that the Execution Management
component requires repositories for ontologies and data
instances (service descriptions in particular). The idea is
to use a Triple Space infrastructure to do so. The
objective of the Storage Component team is thus to
determine which means of storage are required and in
what way these requirements can be fulfilled in the
simplest way to still provide optimal service to the
application layer components and the vertical services.
15 Execution Management
The execution management component is responsible for
the management of WSMX as a platform and for the
coordination of the individual components. As the kernel
of the system it enables and realizes the overall
operational semantics of WSMX that let the system
achieve the promised functional semantics of its clientside
interface. It takes the functionality offered by the
individual components of the framework and
UbiServ
SEE
Reto
Krummenacher
Thomas
Haselwanter
13

orchestrates these atomic pieces into a coherent whole in
an orderly and consistent fashion. These properties are
guaranteed by the execution semantics, which are
executed over the set of services that are available to the
execution management component
Goals distribution
Cluster Goals Lead Assis.
RSWS Discovery, Choreography, Formal Language, 4
Reasoning,
SEBIS Ontologies, (Applications), (Choreography) 1 2
SEE Applications, Developer Tools, (Discovery), 4 3
Mediation, (Choreography), Execution Management,
(Storage & Communication)
UbiServ Adaptation, Grounding, Storage & Communication 3
A detailed description for each particular component is provided as part of the cluster
descriptions.
2.2. Clusters
DERI Innsbruck decomposes its research body via four clusters arranged around senior
researchers.
Reasonable Semantic Web Services (RSWS)
Dr. Stijn Heymans (Deputy: Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen)
Besides the largest source of information ever, the Web is moving towards becoming a
source for reusable software components and applications by globally accessible services
published on the Web. Both static data and services available on the Web still lack of
machine-understandable semantics to be usable in an automated way. It is the mission of
the RSWS cluster to define reasonable methods and languages to effectively describe and
reason about the Data on the Web and Web Services to make the vision of the Semantic
Web come true.
Semantics in Business Information Systems (SEBIS)
Dr. Ying Ding and Dr. Martin Hepp
In our research group, we work at transferring Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services
technology to research problems in Business Information Systems, in order to bridge the
gap between the fundamental work yielded by the Formal Ontology and Semantic Web
communities on one hand, and the application-oriented challenges of BIS/MIS as a
discipline. This includes the following two dimensions: (1) Maturing Semantic Web
foundations, so that they become compatible with the real world complexity and scale.
14

(2) Applying Semantic Web technology to core challenges of Information Systems in
order to realize and evaluate the business benefit, and to identify the open research
challenges. We currently focus on various application domains.
Semantic Execution Environment (SEE)
Dr. Michal Zaremba (Deputy: Mick Kerrigan)
It is mission of the Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) cluster to create an execution
environment for the dynamic discovery, selection, mediation, invocation and interoperation
of Semantic Web Services. Enterprises’ information systems were subject of
great changes during the last years. In order to adjust to more and more dynamic business
demands, a new concept/paradigm has come to replace the traditional applications: the
service. By this (and by some other auxiliary changes) the information system as a whole
becomes a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Such an approach offers a set of
advantages that comes with SOA but it doesn’t solve all the interoperability problems
that existed for classical applications too. Inside of a particular SOA, independent
services offering the same functionality should be seamlessly interchangeable with each
other. Different such services can have different vendors, and as a consequence, different
peculiarities. Our platform is going to be a sample implementation of the Web Services
Modelling Ontology (WSMO) which describes all aspects of Semantic Web Services.
Ubiquitous Services (UbiServ)
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Strang
Ubiquitous Computing is the most recent evolution step in an evolution chain
characterizing different eras of internetworked computer systems. Building on the
properties of Mobile Computing and Distributed Computing systems, Ubiquitous
Computing systems are further characterized by at least three salient properties: contextawareness,
ad-hoc networking as well as smart sensors and devices. From a service
perspective, enhancements in the three respective research areas should enable a
transition from the mobile services paradigm which is “any service for any person at any
time and anywhere (at any cost)” to the more desirable ubiquitous services paradigm
which is “the right service for the right person at the right time and at the right place (and
with the right price)”. In our cluster we elaborate on the challenges of services in the
emerging field of Ubiquitous Computing. This includes research on service description,
discovery, distribution, deployment, composition and execution in Ubiquitous Computing
environments. An important aspect is the area of ontology-based context modeling and
retrieval as a key enabler of context-aware service discovery and execution technology in
Ubiquitous Computing environments.
2.3. Projects
This section surveys the current projects DERI Innsbruck is working on. It should ideally
be the case that project deliverables written by researchers correspond to papers
submitted to, and ideally accepted at, relevant workshops/conferences/journals. These
papers should be written in line with the research components, as well as the researcher’s
line of research, such that the material can later be used as part of a thesis/habilitation. In
15

addition, all efforts in projects should clearly be aligned with the overall SESA
architecture and some of its components.
We will group the discussion of the projects in accordance to the cluster they belong to.
Projects are always aligned with a cluster. If this is not possible, they are split in several
virtual projects (like SUPER) where each belongs to a definite cluster. The distribution of
projects to cluster is as following.
Projects distribution
Cluster Projects Number MM p.m.
RSWS • Infrawebs
6.5 10.5
• Knowledge Web (0.5)
• RW²
• Salero
• SEKT
• SemNetMan
• SenSE
SEBIS • DERI eTourism (0.25)
8.75 13
• dip
• EASAIER
• EastWeb
• enIRaF
• etPlanner
• Musing
• OnTourism
• myOntology
• SUPER Martin (0.5)
SEE • ASG
5.5 12.5
• SEEMP
• SemanticGov
• SemBiz
• SUPER Michal (0.5)
• TSC
UbiServ • GRISINO
3 6
• SWING
• TripCom
Non research • DERI BusinessDevelopment (0.25)
1.25 1,5
units
• DERI Exchange (0.25)
• DERI Sustanability (0.25)
• Knowledge Web Network (0.5)
Total 25 43,5
16

2.4. Research Body
Research outcome of students, junior researchers, and senior researchers consists of
papers, published at relevant workshops/conferences/journals, with a specific topic,
which falls in one of the research components. Prototypes which are used to validate the
various claims made in the submitted papers should be developed as part of the
corresponding architectural component, using the WSMX platform. A thesis or
habilitation is typically a collection of peer-reviewed papers and is thus associated with a
collection of prototypes. If the thesis proposes one coherent approach to some problem,
one coherent prototype is typically required.
In the following, we discuss students, junior researchers, and senior researchers.
2.4.1. Student researchers
Students are assigned to a cluster and are usually supervised by a junior or senior
researcher.
Student researchers
Nr Name Cluster Supervisor
1 Daniel Bachlechner SEBIS Martin Hepp
2 Thomas Haselwanter SEE Michal Zaremba
3 Andreas Klotz SEBIS Martin Hepp
4 Bernhard Leschinger SEBIS Martin Hepp
5 Michael Luger SEBIS Ying Ding
6 Mark Mattern SEE Holger Lausen
7 Kathrin Prantner SEBIS Martin Hepp
8 Joachim Adi Schütz RSWS Darko Anicic
9 Nathalie Steinmetz RSWS Holger Lausen
10 Martin Tanler RSWS Holger Lausen
2.4.2. Junior researchers
High-quality PhD research is widely recognized as one of the key success factors in every
academic institution. While doing a PhD necessarily implies a high amount of individual
research work, the role of supervision is essential for the systematic operation of the
process and its successful finalization.
In this section we elaborate a potential supervision schema for DERI Innsbruck. The
schema is divided into several components: the main phases of the PhD and their
characteristics, the advisors and the methods employed for regularly monitoring the
progresses made in the process.
17

PhD Process: The process can be roughly divided into three phases:
Phase I: Find and formulate the research problem
The PhD student is introduced to the different directions of research approached
within the institute. Once the broad domain of research of the prospected thesis
has been roughly defined, the student should intensively survey the current state
of the art in this field with the purpose of getting familiar with the research done
so far, identifying unsolved problems and motivating the necessity for further
exploring these areas. The result of this endeavor should be a preliminary
formulation of the research problem and the associated research questions he
intends to address in his thesis. Ideally the research focus should satisfy the
following features:
• It should be narrow instead of broad-based.
• It should lead to the formulation of first research hypothesis which form
the basis for the prospected solution.
• It should be interesting for the target community.
Outcomes:
First research report - Problem statement
The student should submit a document summarizing the research done so far and
the core research questions of the thesis and outlining the prospected research
approach and the methods employed to design and evaluate the solution.
Dissemination
Further on, the PhD student should contribute to project deliverables and first
research publications. Preliminary thesis-relevant ideas should be published on a
workshop in order to receive feedback on the feasibility of the general approach.
Phase II: Elaborate and evaluate the solution
In this phase the student should provide answers to the major research questions
of the thesis. He should find solutions to the formulated research questions,
implement these ideas, evaluate them and analyze the results.
Outcomes:
Second research report - Outline of the thesis
The PhD student should provide an outline of the thesis, which includes a
definition of the problem statement, a description of the research approach and of
the methods applied to conduct this research and a report and analysis of the
evaluation results.
Dissemination
During this period the student will actively contribute to project deliverables and
will publish the first papers around the topic of the thesis. The student should aim
for at least two conference publications on high-quality scientific events. The
student is also encouraged to submit a PhD proposal to a doctoral consortium in
order to receive feedback from experts in the community and to collaborate with
major players in his field of research, and in order to get in contact with potential
external reviewers for his thesis.
18

Phase III: Write up the thesis
This phase is primarily dedicated to the finalization of the PhD research in form
of a dissertation.
Outcomes:
Third research report - Dissertation
Dissemination
The PhD student should aim for at least two publications, which lie at the core of
the thesis topic, at major scientific conferences and two journal articles.
Further on the student should aim at a broader dissemination of his results in the
community, e.g., by contributing to the organization of scientific events in his
field of research.
Ideally the process should be finalized within a period of 3 to 4 years. The table below
defines the 3 main phases of the process in terms of their duration.
Table 1: Duration of the PhD
Process phase
Duration
Find and formulate research problem 12 months
Elaborate and evaluate solution 12 months
Write up thesis
12 months
Supervision: Every PhD student has one main supervisor at DERI Innsbruck who is
either a PostDoc or professor. Ideally, this would be the cluster leader of the student. PhD
students are furthermore encouraged to seek additional external supervision from experts
in the field.
Monitoring progress: In order to monitor the progress and to enable effective guidance
and supervision of PhD students, there should be regular meetings between the PhD
students and the supervisors. It is up to the supervisor and the student to agree on the
frequency of these meetings. Besides the regular meetings between students and
supervisors, there will be a biannual research seminar mandatory for all PhD students.
Further on, PhD students are encouraged to give trial presentations for the papers which
are presented at workshops and conferences.
Research reports: According to the schema introduced above students should document
their PhD work in two research reports concluded by the dissertation thesis. In the
following we provide some general guidelines for organizing the content of these reports.
1. Problem statement: this part should clearly provide answers to the following
questions:
a. What are the core dimensions of the field of research in which the thesis is
situated?
19

. Which problems are still unsolved to date? Why do these areas need
further exploration?
c. How could this gap be filled? Is the problem solvable at all?
d. Are these problems addressed in many previous approaches? Is it feasible
to think that my thesis would greatly contribute to solving these problems?
Is there room for improvement?
e. What are the critical success factors? How can these risks be minimized?
What are the worst case strategies; the worst expectable outcome?
f. Are these problems addressed (possibly under a different name) in other
communities and what are the results achieved in this context?
g. Is it a hot topic or is it becoming already obsolete?
h. What is the impact of a potential solution on the community?
i. Which are the application scenarios in which this problem is relevant?
2. Main questions of the thesis: this part should clearly formulate the research
questions the PhD aims to provide answers to, while positioning the work in a
broader context and delimiting it from similar or related approaches.
3. General approach: this part should give an overview of the work done (or
planned to be done) in the thesis. It should define the research methods supporting
the PhD research, sketch the path towards the achievement of the objectives and
specify the expected results. With respect to the last point the paper could refer to
the design research methodology by Hevner and March, who differentiate
between four types of research outcomes:
a. Constructs: provide the language, the terminology in which a
problem/solution space is defined and explained.
b. Models: cover the most important facts and concepts within a domain of
interest or class of situations. They use constructs as a description
language for the problem/solution space.
c. Methods: describe processes and guide their users in how to identify
solutions to a given research question. They can range from rigorous
mathematical algorithms to descriptions how to perform a process, best
practices, guidelines etc. From a terminological perspective, methods—as
understood by Hevner and March —can be considered synonymous to
“methodology”, “technique” or “algorithm” in computer science.
d. Implementations: implement constructs, models and methods, thus
demonstrating their feasibility.
Examples of research outcomes could be:
a. Open up a new area of research
b. Provide a unifying framework
c. Resolve a long-standing question
d. Thoroughly explore an area
e. Contradict existing knowledge
20

f. Experimentally validate a theory
g. Derive superior algorithms
h. Develop new methodology
i. Produce a negative result
4. Proposed solution: this part describes the approach to the research problem
previously stated, outlining the results achieved so far and the things which still
need to be realized.
5. Evaluation: in this section the paper should provide details on the evaluation
methods, report on the evaluation results and discuss the implications of these
results within and beyond the scope of this work. In order to determine which
evaluation methods are appropriate to validate a research approach the paper
could again resort to the previously mentioned research framework. For each of
the four types of research outcomes Table 2 below summarizes the recommended
content and structure, as well as proved and tested evaluation methods and quality
criteria. The structure of each research artefact includes the information sources
which are required to give full particulars on the actual solution, and thus enable a
feasible evaluation procedure.
6. Future work: issues which remain to be approached in the context of the thesis
or beyond.
Table 2: Evaluation Approaches
Constructs
Structure Evaluation method Evaluation criteria
-Meta-model of the
vocabulary
-Ontological analysis
-Construct deficit
-Construct overload
-Construct redundancy
-Construct excess
Models
Structure Evaluation method Evaluation criteria
-Domain
-Terminology
-Scope and purpose
-Syntactic validation
-Semantic consistency
-Integrity checking
-Correctness
-Completeness
-Clarity and simplicity
-Syntax and semantics -Sampling using selective -Usage flexibility
-Intended applications and matching of data to actual -Extendability
use cases
external phenomena or -Applicability
-Reference to constructs trusted surrogate
-Implementability
and methods
-Integration tests
-Risk and cost analysis
-User surveys
21

Methods
Structure Evaluation method Evaluation criteria
-Process-based meta-model -Laboratory research -Appropriateness
-Intended applications and -Field inquiries
-Completeness
use cases
-Conditions of applicability
-Products and results of the
method application
-Surveys
-Case studies
-Action research
-Practice descriptions
-Consistency
-Implementability
-Reference to constructs -Interpretative research
and
Models
Instantiations
Structure Evaluation method Evaluation criteria
-Implementation
-Reference to design model
-Reference to requirements
specification
-Reference to
documentation
-Reference to quality
assurance documents
-Reference to user guides
-Code inspection
-Testing
-Code analysis
-Verification
-Functionality
-Usability
-Performance
-Reliability
Depending on whether the report is the outcome of the first or the second phase of the
PhD it necessarily concentrates on different aspects of the schema above.
The first research report has a clear focus on the definition of the problem statement. This
implies that it should elaborate on bullets 1 and 2, while clarifying the research
methodology as part of bullet 3 and sketching some preliminary ideas the prospected
thesis will build upon. Further on, it is important that the student timely specifies the
expected outcome of his PhD work (e.g. in terms of the framework presented in this
section or a similar framework) and how the resulting artifact could be evaluated. The
first research report should be between 6 and 15 pages (standard typed, single column,
single spaced).
The second research report elaborates on the 4 th and 5 th bullets while refining and
revising the previous ones. At this point it is essential that the student designs a suitable
evaluation framework for the validation of his PhD research, critically analyzes the
achieved results and compares them to related approaches. It is recommended that this
report has an amount of 20-30 pages (standard typed, single column, single spaced).
22

Junior Researchers
No Name Objective Cluster
1 Darko Anicic Reasoning RSWS
2 Jos de Bruijn Formal language RSWS
3 Tobias Bürger SEBIS
4 Emilia Cimpian Mediation SEE
5 Dimitrij Denissenko RSWS
6 Cristina Feier Reasoning RSWS
7 Graham Hench Reasoning SEE
8 Jan Henke SEBIS
9 Zhou Jingtao SEE
10 Uwe Keller Reasoning RSWS
11 Mick Kerrigan Developer Tools SEE
12 Jacek Kopecky Grounding UbiServ
13 Reto Krummennacher Storage & Communication UbiServ
14 Holger Lausen Discovery RSWS
15 Adrian Mocan Mediation SEE
16 Ruzica Piskac Reasoning RSWS
17 Richard Pöttler Reasoning RSWS
18 Dumitru Roman Choreography SEBIS
19 Francois Scharffe Mediation SEBIS
20 James Scicluna Choreography RSWS
21 Omair Shafiq Storage & Communication SEE
22 Katharina Siorpaes Ontologies SEBIS
23 Adina Sirbu Discovery SEE
24 Michael Stollberg SEBIS
25 Ioan Toma Adaptation UbiServ
26 Alexander Wahler RSWS
27 Zhixian Yan SEE
23

4.3. Senior researchers
Senior Researchers lead objectives and their attached working groups, provide senior
leadership in projects, provide supervision to junior researchers, and are included in the
leadership team of a cluster.
Senior Researchers
No Name Topic Cluster
1 Dr. Ying Ding Application SEBIS
2 Dr. Martin Hepp Ontologies SEBIS
3 Dr. Stijn Heymans Reasoning RSWS
4 Dr. Jörg Hoffmann Composition
5 Dr. Michael Jäger UbiServ
6 Dr. Axel Polleres Storage UbiServ
7 Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Strang UbiServ
8 Dr. Michal Zaremba Application SEE

3. Reasonable Semantic Web Services Cluster (RSWS)
In the following we describe the RSWS cluster in general terms, in terms of the
objectives it takes care, in terms of the project it takes care, and in terms of its members.
3.1. General Description
Name
Acronym
Web site
Leader
Team
Reasonable Semantic Web Services
RSWS
http://rsws.deri.org/
Stijn Heymans (Deputy: Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen)
Senior Researchers:
Stijn Heymans
Junior Researchers:
Darko Anicic
Jos de Bruijn
Dimitrij Denissenko
Cristina Feier
Uwe Keller
Holger Lausen
Ruzica Piskac
Richard Pöttler
James Scicluna
Alexander Wahler
Students:
Joachim Adi Schütz
Nathalie Steinmetz
Martin Tanler
Objectives Discovery (4), Choreography (7), Formal Languages (12), Reasoning (13)
Projects
Mission
Major
tasks and
deliverables
Infrawebs, Knowledge Web, RW2, Salero, SEKT, SemNetMan, SenSE
Besides the largest source of information ever, the Web is moving towards
becoming a source for reusable software components and applications by
globally accessible services published on the Web. Both static data and
services available on the Web still lack of machine-understandable
semantics to be usable in an automated way. It is the mission of the RSWS
cluster to define reasonable methods and languages to effectively describe
and reason about the Data on the Web and Web Services to make the
vision of the Semantic Web come true.
As research in the RSWS cluster is aligned with the objective components
(Formal Languages, Discovery, Choreography, Reasoning) the major
tasks and deliverables of the cluster coincide with the objective
components. We will summarize those here:
25

The Formal Languages component will develop formal languages for the
descriptions in a Semantically-Enabled Service Oriented Architecture
(SESOA). The descriptions in a SESOA can be decomposed into four
dimensions: static knowledge (ontologies), functional descriptions
(capabilities), behavioral description (choreography/orchestration), nonfunctional
properties. Tasks include the integration of FOL-based and
nonmonotonic LP-based languages, the explicitization of context for use
with scoped negation, and the development of rules for the, Semantic Web
(RIF). Furthermore, requirements on the functional descriptions of
services and as well as a semantics for web service functionality need to
be devised. Requirements need to be gathered on the description of
choreography and an orchestration and semantics needs to be devised.
Finally, purpose and usage of non-functional requirements will be
investigated.
The Discovery component will develop different discovery
implementations that are compatible with WSMO, WSML and
specifically WSMX. The scope of the working group is to develop
solutions based on existing descriptions (WSDL, UDDI, text) as well as
on more advanced descriptions based on semantic annotations using
WSML. Some tasks in this component are the development of a discovery
engine based on keywords and existing annotations (WSDL), extend
beyond for example WSDL description to related documentation,
interpretation of, the semantic descriptions.
The Choreography component is meant to provide a process language
which should allow for formal specifications of interactions and processes
between the service providers and clients, define reasoning tasks that
should be performed using this language, and implement an engine to
support the execution of interactions, as well as to support reasoning in
this language.
The Reasoning component will initially develop, from scratch, an efficient
and extensible reasoning engine for expressive rule-based languages, e.g.
WSML Core/Flight/Rule, as well as description logic based languages,
e.g., WSML-DL. The reasoner will be based on state-of-the-art reasoning
algorithms (for query answering, logical entailment). Later on this
component will develop the formal reasoning tasks and implement
algorithms for those tasks, for languages developed in the Formal
Languages component.
26

3.2. Objectives
• Discovery (4),
• Choreography (7),
• Formal Languages (12), and
• Reasoning (13)
3.2.1. Discovery
Nr 4
Title Discovery
Mission Develop different discovery implementations that are compatible with
statement WSMO, WSML and specifically WSMX. The scope of the working
group is to develop solutions based on existing descriptions (WSDL,
UDDI, text) as well as on more advanced descriptions based on semantic
annotations using WSML.
Web site http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Discovery
Leader Holger Lausen, Co-chair Mick Kerrigan
Cluster
Team
RSWS, (SEE)
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Kashif Iqbal
Mick Kerrigan
Jacek Kopecký
Holger Lausen
Brahmananda Sapkota
Adina Sirbu
Michael Stollberg
Ioan Toma
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
-
RW2, ASG, DIP
The group has finished the setup of the basic infrastructure, which is a
discovery framework within the WSMX framework. This framework is
able to manage different discovery components capable of processing
different kinds of requests. At present two engines are completely
integrated in this framework: keyword based discovery and lightweight
discovery. Additionally together with the WSMT group a GUI for
editing goals and Web services is in progress.
Key word based discovery
The keyword based discovery is able to compare WSML descriptions on
27

Future Steps
Publications
different levels, such as match somewhere in the description or on
specific fields. Furthermore members of the group have developed an
advanced prototype of a keyword based discovery which is not yet
integrated in WSMX. This keyword search operates on the WSDL of
publicly available services and leverages advanced concepts such as
stemming.
Lightweight discovery
The lightweight discovery component currently uses logical expressions
and background knowledge formulated using WSML Flight and WSML
Rule. The component can use either KAON or MINS as underlying
reasoner to detect intersection and plug-in matches for a limited set of
conjunctive queries. The extension of this component to WSML DL is
currently in progress.
ASG Discovery
The ASG discovery component was finished. It is based on an approach
that leverages transaction logic. The ASG component has not been
integrated into WSMX but finalized according to the requirements of the
ASG project.
Use cases
The group currently uses input from 2 DIP use cases and the SWS
Challenge discovery scenario. The Use cases are currently partially
solved; one of the main problems is the lacking support for data types in
the lightweight discovery component.
The SWS Challenge and DIP Use cases need to be completely modeled.
The lightweight discovery will be extended to also support DL
reasoning.
Further Uses Cases need to be gathered to get requirements more heavy
weight discovery.
The integration of a suitable GUI for designing Web services and goals
need to be finished.
Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen and Michael Stollberg. On the Semantics of
Functional Descriptions of Web Services In Proceedings of the 3 rd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006). Budva,
Montenegro, June 2006.
Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Ioan
Toma: What is wrong with Web services Discovery. In W3C Workshop
on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria, June
2005. Position Paper.
Uwe Keller, Ruben Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter
Fensel: Automatic Location of Services, In Proceedings of the 2 nd
European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS2005), Heraklion, Crete,
29 th May – 1 st June, 2005.
28

Daniel Olmedilla, Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, and Holger Lausen: Trust
negotiation for semantic web services. In Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, volume 3387, pages 81-95, 2005.
Michael Kifer, Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, Chang Zhao, Uwe Keller,
Holger Lausen, and Dieter Fensel. A logical framework for web service
discovery. In ISWC 2004 Workshop on Semantic Web Services:
Preparing to Meet the World of Business Applications, volume 119,
Hiroshima, Japan, 2004. CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
Brahmananda Sapkota, Laurentiu Vasiliu, Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman,
Chris Bussler: Peer-to-Peer Technology Usage in Web Service
Discovery and Matchmaking. In Proceedings of the 6 th International
Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, New York City,
USA, November 2005. Short paper.
Ioan Toma, Kashif Iqbal, Matthew Moran, Dumitru Roman, Thomas
Strang and Dieter Fensel: An Evaluation of Discovery approaches in
Grid and Web services Environments. In Proceedings of the 2 nd
International Conference on Grid Services Engineering and
Management, Erfurt, Germany, September 2005.
Software
releases
Michael Stollberg, Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma, Uwe Keller, Reinhold
Herzog, Peter Zugmann, and Dieter Fensel: Semantic Web Fred –
Automated Goal Resolution on the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the
38 th Hawaii International Conference on System Science, January 2005.
key word based discovery, prototype available at:
http://192.168.65.151/discovery/
3.2.2. Choreography
Nr 7
Title Choreography
Mission The Choreography part of SEE is meant to provide a process language
statement which should allow for formal specifications of interactions and
processes between the service providers and clients, define reasoning
tasks that should be performed using this language, and implement an
engine to support the execution of interactions, as well as to support
reasoning in this language.
On a short term, the Choreography Component in the SEE architecture
has three main responsibilities:
1. Evaluating the transition rules defined in the Choreography
Interface descriptions in WSMO Web Service descriptions
29

2. Determines the legal instances for the last choreography step
3. Appropriately managing invocation requests to and from the
Communication Manager
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
During the first step, the interface descriptions are either fetched from
the Resource Manager Service or appropriately parsed from the
description (this depending on whether the requester sends her/his own
descriptions). Once the choreographies of both parties are initialized, the
start of the conversation is triggered by the instance data sent by the
requester. This leads to the second step where the conversation is
handled. During the interaction between the two choreographies, the
data being exchanged is appropriately checked for conformance with
respect to the choreography description and is always sent through the
Process Mediation which determines which kind of data should be sent
(if any) to the other party. Furthermore, during the evaluation of the
rules, the choreography engine sets up the data required for invocation
from the choreography description. The Choreography Engine does not
perform the invocation itself but it rather forwards the invocation data to
the Communication Manager which then processes this information
appropriately and performs the invocation. The interaction between the
two parties stops when either a choreography fails or all the required
input data from the requester is consumed.
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Choreography
James Scicluna
RSWS, (UBISERV)
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Dumitru Roman
James Scicluna
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
• DIP
• Infrawebs
• Super (eventually)
This section outlines the work related to this component that has been
already carried out. We will first describe the status of the model, the
language related tasks and then carry on with the design and
implementation of the component itself.
Model
The model for WSMO Choreographies is currently stable. It is inspired
by the ASM methodology and inherits the core principles such as the
state, transition rules and flexibility to model any kind of behavior.
30

Language
The syntax of the choreography language has been defined as a result of
the model. It is similar to the ASM language with some obvious
constructs that have been introduced in order for it to fit with the WSML
language. The semantics are defined using a set-based approach and
describe the operational behavior of choreographies on the same lines as
for ASMs.
WSMO4J Choreography API
The work of the Choreography API has been divided in different parts,
namely, the API (i.e. the interfaces), the implementation, the parser and
the serializer. The API defines the interfaces and methods (with no
implementation) for the objects within the language constructs. The
implementation part implements the interfaces so that a user can easily
create and manage the language constructs. The parser loads up an
object model representation in the memory from a choreography
description in a WSML file. The serializer, performs the reverse
operation, that is, it saves the memory representation of the language to
the equivalent syntax representation in a WSML file. All of these
modules have been completed.
Future Steps
Choreography Engine
The main steps involved in the implementation of the choreography
engine are the design – with particular emphasis on the interaction with
other WSMX components – and the actual programming. Both of these
aspects are in a stable condition but eventually they evolve as WSMX
gets better and as requirements change.
The future steps consist of three core tasks that will run in parallel, and
will follow an iterative approach:
Task 1: define reasoning tasks for interactions/process descriptions
Since Semantic Web Services are about providing a higher degree of
automation when dealing with services, the tasks that need automation
in this context need to be identified and clearly defined before
conceptual models and languages are provided to support automation of
such tasks. Since choreography is related to interactions and processes,
this task will identify and define what reasoning tasks are needed when
dealing with interactions and processes as far as services are concerned.
Particular focus will be on already well known tasks (like property
verifications of different specifications, scheduling under constraints,
consistency checking, bi-simulation, etc) from the area of process
modeling.
Task 2: define higher level languages to directly support the tasks
31

identified in task 1
The current language for representing WSMO Choreography is based on
ASMs – a very general model for describing computations. Because of
its generality, the model was not designed with the focus to support
automation of specific tasks related to interactions and processes. Thus,
the current model (and language) will need to be constrained in some
ways in order to allow for efficient reasoning and direct support for the
identified tasks. This will result in the definition of higher language(s)
designed to directly support different reasoning tasks in a more efficient
way.
Task 3: implement an execution tool for interactions/processes
The choreography engine will have to incorporate and implement
integrated support for both executions of processes, as well as for
reasoning about the processes. Thus, the choreography implementation
will consist of a tool that will actually run the processes, and a tool that
will actually provide support for verification of different reasoning tasks.
Publications
Software
releases
Timeline: There will be several iterations and the above tasks will run in
parallel within these iterations. A first iteration is expected to take place
mid of 2006.
José-Manuel López-Cobo, Alejandro López-Pérez and James Scicluna:
A Semantic Choreography-driven Frequent Flyer Program in
Proceedings of the Future Research Challenges of Software and Services
Workshop, Vienna (Austria), April, 2006
James Scicluna and Axel Polleres: Semantic Web Service Execution for
WSMO Based Choreographies in Proceedings of the Semantic Web
Applications Workshop, EuroMedia ’2005, Toulouse (France), April,
2005
Syntax Specification
Choreography API for WSMO4J
Choreography Engine (ongoing)
3.2.3 Formal Languages
Nr 12
Title Formal Languages
Mission Descriptions in a Semantically-Enabled Service Oriented Architecture
statement (SESOA) need different formal languages for the specification of
different aspects of knowledge and services. The descriptions in a
SESOA can be decomposed into four dimensions:
32

Static knowledge (ontologies)
Ontologies are the core of the Semantic Web and of any Semantic
Service Oriented Architecture. They can be used to formally describe
any kind of knowledge on the Semantic Web and they form the
vocabulary for the other dimensions for description in a SESOA.
ii. Functional description (capabilities)
With capabilities, services are viewed as functions which provide a
certain output, given a particular input. This simplified view of services
is useful for such tasks as discovery and composition.
iii. Behavioral description (choreography/orchestration)
Choreographies describe the interface of a service in terms of possible
interactions with a service. Orchestrations describe compositions of
services. Choreographies and Orchestrations can both be viewed as
decompositions of capabilities.
iv. Non-functional Properties
Besides a functional description, services also have a non-functional
description, with things as author, natural language description, QoS,
pricing, service-level agreements, etc.
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
It is our mission to develop and combine languages for these dimensions
of description in a SESOA. In the process we will relate these languages
to current and upcoming Semantic Web and Web Service languages.
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Languages
Jos de Bruijn
RSWS
Senior Researchers:
Stijn Heymans
Axel Polleres (Oberserver)
Junior Researchers:
Jos de Bruijn
Cristina Feier
Uwe Keller (Observer)
Jacek Kopecky (Observer)
Reto Krummenacher (Observer)
33

Students:
-
Holger Lausen
Livia Predoiu (Observer)
James Scicluna
Ioan Toma
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
() = to be confirmed (might move to observer)
DIP, Knowledge Web
The most important achievement so far is the specification of the Web
Service Modeling Language v0.21, which is a language for the
specification of different aspects of a SESOA. There are, however, some
aspects lacking in the specification. The aspects which are lacking are
mentioned in the following subsections.
Documents related to WSML can be found online at:
http://www.wsmo.org/wsml/wsml-syntax [edit]
i. Static knowledge (ontologies)
The ontology component of WSML consists of five variants:
- WSML-Core – intersection of DL and LP
- WSML-Flight – based on the Datalog subset of F-Logic with negation
under the perfect model semantics
- WSML-Rule – based on the Horn subset of F-Logic with negation
under the well-founded semantics
- WSML-DL – based on the expressive Description Logic SHIQ
- WSML-Full – a full first-order language with nonmonotonic
extensions, which is a superset of WSML-DL and WSML-Rule
Two main aspects are lacking in the ontology component of WSML:
- Semantics of WSML-Full. There is a preliminary proposal to use firstorder
autoepistemic logic as the language underlying WSML-Full, but
this requires more investigation:
http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d28/d28.3/v0.1/
- Layering of WSML variants. A formal theorem stating the proper
34

layering of WSML languages is lacking. Especially the layering
between variants with ontology modeling based on predicates
(WSML-Core, WSML-DL) and variants with ontology modeling
based on frames (WSML-Flight, WSML-Rule, WSML-Full) has not
been proven.
Other work which has been done by the participants of this research
component:
- Development of a rule language for the semantic web: initial work has
been done on scoped default negation, and members of this research
component participate in the W3C RIF working group.
Conceptual logic programs can be used to reason over expressive
description logics, as well as certain combinations of description
logic ontologies and rules
ii. Functional description (capabilities)
There is an initial proposal for functional description of services, based
on abstract state spaces: http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d28/d28.1/v0.1/.
This model can be used in combination with different logical languages.
Requirements are generally lacking.
iii. Behavioural description (choreography/orchestration)
There exist several formal languages which are suitable for behavioural
description. Examples are transaction logic, situation calculus, and
action languages. There is an initial comparison of these languages:
http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d28/d28.2/v0.1/.
Furthermore, there is a initial proposed specification language for
choreographies: http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d14/v0.3/
iv. Non-functional Properties
Future Steps
i. Static knowledge (ontologies)
Research on the representation of static knowledge will proceed along
the following lines:
- Integrating knowledge based on classical first-order logic and
nonmonotonic logic programming. Important issues are the
35

epresentational adequacy of the integration, as well as decidable subsets
and a proof theory, so that reasoning becomes possible.
- Scoped default negation. When doing context-dependent reasoning,
such as in nonmonotonic logic programming, the context is usually
implicit. We aim to make to context explicit.
- Rules for the Semantic Web – RIF working group
Connection between Semantic Web languages RDF, OWL
ii. Functional description (capabilities)
Requirements need to be gathered on the functional specification of
services and a semantics needs to be devised which can be combined
with the language for the description of ontologies, in order to enable the
use of ontologies for the description of web service functionality. An
important use case for the functional description of services is discovery.
Therefore, it is expected that many requirements on the functional
description of services will come from the discovery objective.
iii. Behavioural description (choreography/orchestration)
There exist several formal languages which are suitable for behavioural
description. Examples are transaction logic, situation calculus, and
action languages. Requirements need to be gathered on the description
of a choreography and an orchestration and semantics needs to be
devised. A key challenge is the combination of this language with
ontology languages in order to enable the reuse of ontology vocabulary
in the choreography and orchestration descriptions. Finally, this
language needs to be connected to the language for capability
description in order to prove certain correspondences between the
functional and behavioural description of services.
iv. Non-functional Properties
Non-functional properties can at least be divided into two categories: (1)
meta-data, e.g., author, description, etc., of the WSML statements in a
description and (2) actual non-functional properties, i.e., actual
properties of services (e.g. pricing, QoS, transactions). NFPs require a
deeper investigation into their purpose and their usage.
36

Publications
Conferences
Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen and Michael Stollberg. On the Semantics of
Functional Descriptions of Web Services In Proceedings of the 3 rd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006). Budva,
Montenegro, June 2006.
Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier, and Andreas Harth. Rules with
contextually scoped negation. In Proceedings of the 3 rd European
Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006), volume 4011 of Lecture Notes
in Computer Science (LNCS), Budva, Montenegro, June 2006. Springer.
Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel. The web
service modeling language: An overview. In Proceedings of the 3 rd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006), Budva, Montenegro,
June 2006. Springer-Verlag.
Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Dirk Vermeir: Nonmonotonic
Ontological and Rule-Based Reasoning with Extended Conceptual
Logic Programs. ESWC 2005: 392-407
Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Dirk Vermeir: Guarded Open
Answer Set Programming. LPNMR 2005: 92-104
Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Ruben Lara, and Dieter Fensel. OWL DL
vs. OWL Flight: Conceptual modeling and reasoning on the se- mantic
web. In Proceedings of the 14 th International World Wide Web
Conference (WWW2005), Chiba, Japan, 2005. ACM.
Michael Kifer, Jos de Bruijn, Harold Boley, and Dieter Fensel. A
realistic architecture for the semantic web. In Proceedings of the
International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the
Semantic Web (RuleML-2005), Ireland, Galway, November 2005.
Workshops
Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Dirk Vermeir: Guarded Open
Answer Set Programming with Generalized Literals. FoIKS 2006: 179-
200
Jos de Bruijn, Enrico Franconi, and Sergio Tessaris. Logical reconstruction
of RDF and ontology languages. In Third Workshop on
Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning, Dagstuhl, Germany,
September 2005.
37

Jos de Bruijn, Enrico Franconi, and Sergio Tessaris. Logical reconstruction
of normative RDF. In OWL: Experiences and Directions
Workshop (OWLED-2005), Galway, Ireland, November 2005.
Standards Submissions
Jürgen Angele, Harold Boley, Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Pascal
Hitzler, Michael Kifer, Reto Krummenacher, Holger Lausen, Axel
Polleres, and Rudi Studer. Web rule language (WRL). W3C Member
Submission 09 September 2005, 2005.
Software
releases
Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer Holger Lausen,
Reto Krummenacher, Axel Polleres, and Livia Predoiu. Web service
modeling language (WSML). W3C Member Submission 3 June 2005,
2005.
WSML v0.21 validator
A syntactical validator for WSML v0.21, which validates a WSML
specification against the WSML grammar and can validate and
determine the WSML variant, can be found at:
http://tools.deri.org/wsml/validator/.
WSMO4J
WSMO4J is an API and reference implementation for WSML v0.21.
http://wsmo4j.sourceforge.net/
3.2.4 Reasoning
Nr 13
Title Reasoning
Mission We will develop an efficient and extensible reasoning engine for
statement expressive rule-based languages (WSML Core/Flight/Rule), as well as
description logic based languages (WSML-DL). The reasoner will be
based on state-of-the-art reasoning algorithms (for query answering,
logical entailment, etc.). The Semantic Execution Environment (SEE)
needs the reasoning component for service discovery as well as both
process and data mediation. Mission critical features of the Reasoning
component are: hybrid reasoning based on DLs and logic programming,
reasoning with very large instance bases, reasoning with heterogeneous
and conflicting information, and reasoning in distributed environments.
Also one of our major objectives is the implementation of Rule
Interchange Format (RIF). RIF aims to specify a common format for
38

Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
rules in order to allow rule interchange between diverse rule systems.
This format (or language) will function as an interlingua into which rule
languages can be mapped, allowing rules written in different languages
to be executed in the same reasoner engine. The RIF layer our reasoner
engine will be capable of handling rules from diverse rule systems and
will make WSML rule sets interchangeable with rule sets written in
other languages that are also supported by RIF.
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Reasoning
Darko Anicic & Stijn Heymans
RSWS
Senior Researchers:
Stijn Heymans
Junior Researchers:
Darko Anicic
Jos de Bruijn
Cristina Feier
Graham Hench
Uwe Keller
Ruzica Piskac
Richard Pöttler
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Joachim Adi Schütz
Nathalie Steinmetz
DIP (http://dip.semanticweb.org/),
SenSE (http://www.semantic-engineering.info/),
SUPER (http://super.semanticweb.org/),
RW 2 (rw2.deri.at).
The group is developing an inference engine called IRIS (short for
Integrated Rule Inference System). IRIS aims to be a framework
consisting of a collection of components which cover various aspects of
reasoning with formally represented knowledge. Thus we have first
developed the main architecture of IRIS (see IRIS System Architecture).
At present, it is a layered approach consisting of a top API layer
encapsulating the core reasoner, a layer that will implement different
evaluation algorithms, a layer that will allow encapsulated access to the
lower storage layer and provided common procedures to the algorithms
(the middle API layer), and the storage layer itself which will integrate
different storage approaches as well. The middle layer API has been
fully defined, and the top layer API is partially defined. For the
evaluation algorithm layer, we have identified the following evaluation
strategies with corresponding initial algorithms that will be
implemented:
• Bottom-Up: Semi-Naive evaluation enhanced by Magic Set
algorithm;
39

• Top-Down: QsQ evaluation;
• Mixture of Bottom-Up and Top-Down technique: Dynamic
Filtering;
Also, for the storage we have identified an initial approach, where we
will use red-black trees for a basis of the relation implementation.
Currently, IRIS is an engine for Datalog programs with negation and
built-ins, although in the future the reasoner will be extended beyond
pure Datalog capabilities.
The group also provides the MINS Datalog engine. MINS is an
inference engine, which together with the WSML2Reasoner component,
support query answering for WSML-Core and WSML-Flight under the
well-founded semantics with stratified negation, function symbols and it
is extendable by built-ins. Its reasoning mechanism is based on
deductive database algorithms like semi-naive algorithms, dynamic
filtering, and well-founded evaluation with alternating fixed point
computation. Moreover, it is a main memory system in the sense that it
does not use a database for storing its data. The implementation is based
on the programming language Java. The WSML2Reasoner framework
can translate ontology description in WSML to predicates and rules.
Additionally, it provides a Facade for easy integration for different
reasoners. WSML2Reasoner and MINS thus can be used as a framework
for reasoning capability of WSML-based languages.
However, MINS is based on the SiLRI inference engine which is
licensed under the GPL. Since the GPL is not inline with DERI’s
approach to software licensing, we are currently developing IRIS as a reimplementation
of MINS. IRIS is built under the LGPL license.
Note that the already existing WSML2Reasoner framework for
translating ontology descriptions to Datalog will be used in as an
interface to IRIS as well.
Future Steps Iteration 1 (finish: October 31 st , 2006)
Iteration 1
In Iteration 1, the goal is to develop a first version of IRIS. This first
version will be a Datalog engine with functionality that corresponds to
the functionality provided by the WSML-Core and WSML-Flight
languages. In particular, after this first iteration, IRIS will support:
• Full Datalog
• Built-in predicates
• Support for stratified default negation
40

The first iteration will implement three evaluation techniques for query
answering: Semi-Naive evaluation enhanced by Magic Set algorithm,
QsQ evaluation and Dynamic Filtering. Additionally, on the storage
layer we will implement the middle API layer, based on red-black trees.
Those three tasks are basically independent and will thus be
implemented in parallel.
Task Responsible Persons Due Date
Built-ins Richard September 30 th , 2006
Semi-naive with Cristina, Uwe, October 31 st , 2006
negation
Richard, Adi
Relational operations Darko October 31 st , 2006
Tuple operations Darko October 31 st , 2006
QsQ without Cristina, Darko October 31 st , 2006
negation
Iteration 2
In Iteration 2, we will add support for function symbols and mechanisms
identifying unsafe rules, thus enabling reasoning with WSML-Rule.
Furthermore, we will improve the prototype implementation from
Iteration 1 by implementing additional evaluation algorithm (dynamic
filtering) and storage layer facilities (database integration).
Finally, we will write a paper describing the prototype resulting from
Iteration 2.
Task Responsible Persons Due Date
Function symbols Stijn, Richard December 31 st , 2006
Database integration Uwe, Adi December 31 st , 2006
Dynamic Filtering Uwe, Darko December 31 st , 2006
Iteration 3
In Iteration 3, we will thoroughly test the complete prototype.
Furthermore, we will enhance the evaluation techniques such that IRIS
is capable of handling programs with unstratified negation. Apart from
that we will build a layer that will support the RIF specification. This
means that we will be able to reason with rule sets that are compatible
with RIF. We will support the translation from RIF to WSML and vice
versa, making WSML amenable for reasoning with other inference
engines that support the RIF specification.
We will also look into other reasoning tasks, like for example logical
entailment and we will adapt the reasoner for this.
Finally, we will also compile the results form Iteration 3 in a paper.
41

Publications
Software
releases
Since the Reasoner component has just started to work on a new
reasoner, there are no accepted publications yet. As described in the
Future Steps section we will write papers after Iterations 2 and 3.
The current implementation of MINS is available at
http://dev1.deri.at/mins/ and WSML2Reasoner information can be found
at http://dev1.deri.at/wsml2reasoner/. Further releases are scheduled as
in the above Roadmap section.
3.3. Projects
Here we have the following projects:
• Infrawebs
• Knowledge Web
• RW²
• Salero
• SEKT
• SemNetMan
• SenSE
3.3.1. Infrawebs
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Intelligent Framework for Generating open Development Platforms for
Web-Service Enabled Applications Using Semantic Web Technologies,
Distributed Decisions Support Units and Multi-Agent-Systems
Infrawebs
IST-FP6
RSWS
James Scicluna
Developer tools, Discovery, Composition, Choreography, Monitoring,
Storage, Execution Management, Security
42

Website
Team
http://www.infrawebs-eu.org/
Senior Reseacrhers:
-
Junior Researchers:
James Scicluna
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
Mission The mission is to develop an application-oriented software toolset for
creating, maintaining and executing open and extensible development
platforms for Semantic Web services.
Person*mon Total 38 Per month 1
ths budget
Duration 30 months 08/04 – 12/06
Major tasks • Semantic Web Service Execution (related to choreography,
orchestration and grounding aspects)
• Quality of Service Monitoring (tightly coupled with the
Executor
• Contributing in the Use Case Implementation
• Contributing in the Integration of Components
• Contributing in the Project’s Advisory Board
• Contributing in Dissemination
Deliverables • Realization of SWS-E, Error Handling and QoS Monitor (lead)
• Final SWS-E and Running P2P-Agent and Demonstrator Prep
(lead)
• Dissemination & Innovation Report & Exploitation Concept &
Preliminary TIP (contribute)
• Revised Requirement Profile & Know.-Objects & GD II & Test
Bed 2 & Evaluation 1 & Milestone Awareness (contribute)
• Infrawebs Architecture and Evolution Plan (contribute)
43

3.3.2. Knowledge Web
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Knowledge Web: Realizing the Semantic Web
Knowledge Web
IST-FP6
RSWS
Stijn Heymans
Ontologies, Discovery, Composition, Mediation, Formal languages
http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Stijn Heymans
Junior Researchers:
Jos de Bruijn
Holger Lausen
Adrian Mocan
Francois Scharffe
Students:
-
Mission The mission is to realize the Semantic Web; to support the transition
process of Ontology technology from Academia to Industry; to promote
and generate educational activities on the Semantic Web and to
coordinate the research on Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services.
person*mont Total: 133,5 per month: 3
hs budget
Duration 48 months 01/04 – 12/07
Major tasks • WP1.4 Promotion of ontology technologies
• WP1.5 Cross-network cooperation
• WP2.2 Heterogeneity
• WP2.4 Semantic Web Services
• WP2.5 Semantic Web language extension
44

Deliverables • 1.4.1v5 Technology roadmap (contribute; 1 p*m Ying Ding)
• 1.5.5 Report on organized event progress (lead; 1,5 p*m Ying
Ding)
• 1.5.6 Report on cooperation between Kweb and REWERSE
regarding industrial events (lead; 1,5 p*m Ying Ding)
• 2.2.9 Description of alignment implementation and
benchmarking results (contribute; 3 p*m Francois)
• 2.4.8.2 Semantic tuplespace Computing (lead; 6 p*m)
• 2.4.13.1 Data Mediation in Semantic Web Services (lead; 6 p*m
Adrian)
• KW – D2.4.14.1 Semantic Web Services Challenge
• 2.5.7 Integration of additional semantic layers (contribute; 8
p*m Jos)
• D2.4.14.1 Semantic Web Services Challenge (contribute; 6 p*m
Holger and SEE Cluster)
Total: 33 p*m
3.3.3. RW²
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Reasoning with Web Services
RW²
FIT-IT
RSWS
Holger Lausen
Discovery, Reasoning
http://rw2.deri.at/
Senior Researchers:
(Ying Ding)
Junior Reserachers:
Cristina Feier
Uwe Keller
Holger Lausen
45

Mission
Students:
Nathalie Steinmetz
Martin Tanler
The mission is to develop WSML reasoning support and apply it to Web
services with the aim of offering a higher support for the automation of
a number of tasks specifically Web service discovery.
Person*mon Total 94 Per month 3
ths budget
Duration 30 months 01/05 – 06/07
Major tasks • Reasoning support for all WSML variants
• Discovery Engine
• Tool support: integrate editing, reasoning and discovery
• Semantic Web Services Challenge
Deliverables • D1.2 Report on reasoning techniques and prototype
implementation for the WSML-Core and WSMO-DL languages
(Uwe, Cristina)
• D1.3 Report on reasoning techniques and prototype
implementation for the WSML-RL and WSML-FOL languages
(Uwe, Cristina)
• D1.4 Evaluation of the reasoning procedures and techniques
(Uwe, Cristina)
• D2.2 Discovery Framework Specification (Holger, Uwe)
• D2.3 Prototype Implementation of the Discovery Component
(Holger, Martin)
• D3.2 First prototype of the base framework for the WSMO-
Studio including the WSMO-API (Martin, Nathalie, Holger)
• D4.2 Revision of D4.1 (State-of-the-art in Semantic Web
Service Description and Usage) (Holger, Uwe)
• D5.2Report on and Evaluation of the dissemination strategy
(Holger, Uwe)
• D6.2Report on standardization activities and achieved results
(Holger, Uwe)
• D7.3c Periodic Progress Reports (Holger, Ying, Leo)
• D7.4d Periodic Progress Reports (Holger, Ying, Leo)
• D7.2 Final Project Report (Holger, Ying, Leo)
46

3.3.4. Salero
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Semantic Audiovisual Entertainment Reusable Objects
Salero
IST-FP6
RSWS
Alexander Wahler
Ontologies, Formal Languages, Developer tools
http://www.salero.info/
Senior Reserachers:
Alexander Wahler
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Junior Researchers:
Tobias Bürger
Dimitrij Denissenko
Students:
-
SALERO’s goal is to define and develop “intelligent content” objects
with context-aware behaviours for self-adaptive use and delivery across
different platforms, building on and extending research in media
technologies, web semantics, and context based image retrieval, to
reverse the trend toward ever-increasing cost of creating media.
SALERO aims to advance the state of the art in digital media to the
point where it becomes possible to create audiovisual content for crossplatform
delivery using intelligent content tools, with greater quality at
lower cost, to provide audiences with more engaging entertainment and
information at home or on the move.
Total: 48 per month: 1
Duration 48 months 01/06 – 12/09
Major tasks • WP3 Media Semantics and Ontologies
• WP10 Exploitation, Standardisation, Dissemination
• WP12 Demonstration and Testbeds
• WP11 Training for Researchers and Professionals
47

Deliverables • D3.1.1 Representation techniques for multimedia objects, Report
T6 -> Denissenko, Bürger
• D3.1.2 Ontology Language for multimedia objects and API,
Report T12 (lead) -> Denissenko, Bürger
• D3.1.3 Ontologies for multimedia objects and workbench, initial
version, T18 (lead) -> Denissenko, Bürger
3.3.5. Sekt
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Semantically enabled Knowledge technologies
SEKT
IST-FP6
RSWS/WSML
Jos de Bruijn
Mediation
http://www.sekt-project.com/
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Jos de Bruijn
Cristina Feier
Richard Pöttler
Francois Scharffe
Students:
-
Mission Knowledge Management
person*mon Total 101 Per month 3
ths budget
Duration 36 01/04 – 12/06
Major tasks Ontology Mediation
48

Deliverables • D4.4.2: Report on Ontology mediation management V)
R/PU/Month 36 (lead) – Francois, Livia, Cristina
• D4.6.2: Report on Ontology mediation for case studies V2.
R/PU/Month 36 (lead) – Cristina, Francois
• D4.5.2: Report on Ontology mediation tools V2. R/PU/Month 30
(contribute) – Francois
• D4.5.4: Prototype of the Ontology mediation software V2.
P/PU/Month 36 (contribute) – Francois, Richard
3.3.6. SemNetMan
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Semantisch basiertes Netzwerkmanagement
SemNetMan
protecNETplus
RSWS/WSML
Stijn Heymans
Ontologies
http://www.punkt.at/index.php?main=2&sub=1&id=71
Senior Researchers:
Stijn Heymans
Junior Researchers:
-
Students:
Michael Luger
Mission The mission is to enable better network management between entities
(information and persons) mainly by means of
• an ontological description of the network and
• the computation of the proximity between the
entities
• visualization of search results
Implementation of software that can be used as plugin/web service and
can be reused with different already existing network management
tools.
Budget (in Total 7 per month 0.5
49

terms of
m*m)
Duration 18 months 20/05/05 – 20/11/06
Major tasks • A2 method: computation of proximity between entities
(information & persons) within a network (done by all
members)
• A3 platform: Implementation of the algorithms of A2 as a plugin
and testing with the network platform of the SWS. (DERI, i.e.
Michael and me will take over the development of
ontological descriptions)
• A4 Survey of Semantic Web SW: Aim: adjust the
implementation to standards/interfaces/formats/ …already
existing identify useful software and integrate it into the
software developed. (done by all project members)
• A5 Symposium: present results of project and network with
potential partners in the industry (DERI)
• A6 Case Studies: Evaluation of the plugin with 2 case studies
(not started yet, has to be clarified who will work on this, but
DERI will contribute)
• A7 Generic evaluation: Generic evaluation of all 3 case studies
(not started yet, has to be clarified who will work on this, but
DERI will contribute)
• A8 Dissemination (ongoing, every member contributes)
Deliverables DERI contributes to all WP mentioned above. There are no explicit
deliverables; work being done in the WPs can be viewed as
“deliverable”.
3.3.7. SenSE
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Semantic Engineering Support Environment
SenSE
FFG, FIT-IT
RSWS
Uwe Keller
50

Objective
Website
Team
Ontologies, Applications, Reasoning, Storage
http://www.semantic-engineering.info/
Senior Researchers:
Stijn Heymans
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Junior Researchers:
Uwe Keller
Graham Hench
Students:
-
Development on an Engineering Support Environment which improves
communication in complex product development processes (Semantic
enrichment of engineering documents, Automated learning of
engineering rationales through observation of user interactions,
Proactive support for users involved in complex engineering tasks)
Total: 40 per month: 1,5
Duration 24 months 01/06 – 12/07
Major tasks • WP 2 Ontology & Reasoner Design
• WP 3 Multi-agent System Design
• WP 4 Semantic Facades
• WP 5 System Integration
• WP 6 Verification & Testing
• WP 7 Dissemination
Deliverables • D0.1 v1 Project Report (contribute) Uwe
• D0.1 v2 Project Report (contribute) Uwe
• D2.1 Upper-level Ontology (lead) Stijn, Uwe
• D2.2 Design of Reasoning System (lead) Stijn, Uwe
• D2.3 Reasoning Infrastructure (lead) Stijn, Uwe
• D3.1 Agent System Design (contribute) Graham
• D3.2 SenSE Multi-agent Infrastructure (lead) Graham
• D4.1 Semantic Façade Design (lead) Uwe
• D4.2 Semantic Façade Framework (contribute) Uwe
• D5.1 Software Prototype: SenSE Environment (contribute) Uwe,
Stijn, Graham
• D6.1 Test and Verification Report (lead) Uwe, Stijn, Graham
• D7.1 List of Publications (contribute) Uwe
3.4. Staff
Here we discuss student, junior, and senior researchers of the RSWS cluster.
51

3.4.1. Student Researchers
Student Researchers
Nr Name Supervisor
8 Joachim Adi Schütz Darko Anicic
9 Nathalie Steinmetz Holger Lausen
10 Martin Tanler Holger Lausen
3.4.2. Junior Researchers
Junior Researchers
No Name Objective
1 Darko Anicic Reasoning
2 Jos de Bruijn Formal language
5 Dimitrij Denissenko
6 Cristina Feier Reasoning
10 Uwe Keller Reasoning
14 Holger Lausen Discovery
16 Ruzica Piskac Reasoning
17 Richard Pöttler Reasoning
20 James Scicluna Choreography
26 Alexander Wahler
52

3.4.2.1. Darko Anicic
Name
Darko Anicic
Entry date July 2005
Cluster Reasonable Semantic Web Services – RSWS
Objective Reasoning
Projects Project name: MINS
tasks: implementation of MINS and work on new reasoner engine
(research and implementation)
deliverables: -
For this year I am committed also to work on following projects:
SEnSE
tasks: reasoner development
Triple Space tasks: YARS binding implementation
SESA (if approved) tasks: reasoner development
Research topic The Semantic Web Technology and Semantically Enabled Service-
Oriented Architectures need the reasoning component for deferent
tasks such as service discovery, process and data mediation and
integration etc. To enable processing of these tasks in an automated
manner, machines need to have access to structured knowledge.
Knowledge described formally using logical languages can be
interpreted and reasoned about by machines.
Research work at DERI concerning reasoning about formal
knowledge is conducted by the Reasoning component as a part of the
Semantic Execution Environment. My responsibility is to lead this
component mainly through the implementation of a fully-functional
reasoner engine that will support WSML and RIF specification.
Apart from the implementation I am focused on conducting research
regarding novel deductive database algorithms and optimization
techniques.
Mission critical features of the Reasoning component are: hybrid
reasoning based on DLs and logic programming, reasoning with very
large instance bases, reasoning with heterogeneous and conflicting
information, and reasoning in distributed environments.
Also one of our major objectives is the implementation of Rule
Interchange Format (RIF). RIF aims to specify a common format for

Progress
towards PhD
rules in order to allow rule interchange between diverse rule systems.
This format (or language) will function as an interlingua into which
rule languages can be mapped, allowing rules written in different
languages to be executed in the same reasoner engine. Apart from
this functionality provided by RIF Core, we will develop a set of
extensions to fulfill the import/export functionality. Set of extensions
will serve as a “To-RIF Translator” and a “From-RIF Translator”. In
this way we will be able to translate an appropriate input rule
specification into a RIF-specification and apply an appropriate From-
Rif Translator for translation from the RIF-specification into a rulespecification
in the desired target rule-language.
Implementing the RIF layer our reasoner engine will be capable of
handling rules from diverse rule systems and will make WSML rule
sets interchangeable with rule sets written in other languages that are
supported by RIF.
If I start PhD studies my thesis will be focused on:
- New reasoning evaluation algorithms and optimization techniques
- Further research work on WSML Full decidability
- Reasoning in a distributed environment
- Reasoning with incomplete information
- New architecture for reasoning in the Semantic Web and
Semantically Enabled Service-Oriented environment
Implementations My major responsibility at DERI is to work on prototype
implementation and organization of software development activities
in the Reasoner component. My focus is on implementation of an
inference engine. Thus my work, so far, was conducted through
projects: MINS and WSML2Reasoner. The current implementation
of MINS is available at http://dev1.deri.at/mins/ and
WSML2Reasoner information can be found at
http://dev1.deri.at/wsml2reasoner/.
However, recently together with the Reasoner component team, I
have started to build a new reasoner from scratch. This new reasoner
will be an efficient and extensible inference engine for expressive
rule-based languages, e.g. WSML Core/Flight/Rule, as well as
description logic based languages, e.g., WSML-DL. The reasoner
will be capable of handling very large instance bases as well as to
conduct reasoning with heterogeneous and conflicting information,
and reasoning in distributed environments. Also one of my major
objectives is the implementation of Rule Interchange Format (RIF)
specification. RIF aims to define a common format for rules in order
to allow rule interchange between diverse rule systems.
More information on the current effort regarding the new reasoner
implementation can be found at:
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Reasoning and in the Extended
Roadmap for Reasoner Component.
54

Publications
In short my responsibility is to work on delivering a completely new
reasoner engine. This engine will implement novel efficient
deductive database algorithms and optimization techniques. Apart
from that, the new reasoner will be extensible to meet different needs
of many ongoing projects at DERI which require the reasoner
functionality and will be deployable in various options (e.g. as a
stand alone application, library for further integration, server
applications etc.).
Currently I do not have accepted publications. However I will
contribute in two publications. These publications will present the
work conducted by the Reasoner component team explaining our
approaches and innovations in this field of the Semantic Web
research. The publications are planned after the phase 2 (December
1 st , 2006) and the phase 3 (2007.) of the project. For more details
about the activities timetable, see the Extended Roadmap for
Reasoner Component.
55

3.4.2.2. Jos de Bruijn
Name
Jos the Bruijn
Entry date March 2003
Cluster RSWS
Objective Formal Languages
Projects DIP, T1.7, D1.7: next version of WSML with proper specification of
WSML-Full semantics; due December 2006
KWeb, WP2.5 (don't know task/del. name): using first-order
autoepistemic logic for unifying nonmonotonic logic programming
and classical first-order logic with equality
W3C RIF WG: principal representative for DERI Innsbruck
Research topic Investigations around properties of current web languages around
Description Logics and nonmonotonic logic programming;
integration of classical first-order based languages and nonmonotonic
logic programming using first-order nonmonotonic logics;
application of classical logic and logic programming to the Semantic
Web and Semantic Web Services.
Progress
towards PhD
Preliminary outline of the PhD:
1. Introduction
2. Preliminaries
3. Analysis of current ontology languages, mainly OWL content
based on [1]
4. Analysis of issues which arise when combining rules and
ontologies content in preparation; expect a paper submission
within a few months
5. Using First-Order Autoepistemic logic for integrating rules and
ontologies content in preparation; expect a paper submission
within a few months; further refinement to be expected during
the course of this year (hopefully resulting eventually in a journal
submission and publication, possibly together with the content of
the next chapter)

6. Decidable subsets / Proof theory this chapter should either
discuss interesting decidable subsets of the work in chapter 5
(e.g. through relationships with fixed-point logic) or a (probably
incomplete) proof theory for the first-order autoepistemic logic
or an interesting subset; the main point is that this chapter shows
a good application of the work of chapter 5- hopefully work in
this chapter will be done in the summer and beginning of the fall
7. Relation between frame-based and predicate-based ontology
modeling WSML-Core currently interprets concepts as unary
predicates, whereas WSML-Flight interprets them as terms.
There is currently no justification of this layering although it is
expected that it will pose no problems.
In this chapter I try to show how frame-based ontology modeling
(as in F-Logic) and predicate-based ontology modeling (as in
Description Logics) relate to each other and under which
conditions they may be considered equivalent and to what extent.
Work is still in very early stages. Expect to have results in the
form of a paper submission somewhere in the summer.
8. WSML application of logics to the Semantic Web (Services)
according to the idea of the common subset, DL and rules
extensions, and a common superset some of the content for this
chapter has been presented earlier [2, 3, 4]
9. Conclusions
Apart from the mentioned work, I have been doing a bit of work on
RDF [5] and plan to continue this. This might in the end be
integrated in the WSML chapter to some extent to show how WSML
is layered on top of RDF.
[1] Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Ruben Lara, and Dieter Fensel.
OWL DL vs. OWL Flight: Conceptual modeling and reasoning
on the semantic web. In Proceedings of the 14th International
World Wide Web Conference (WWW2005), Chiba, Japan, 2005.
ACM.
[2] Holger Lausen, Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
WSML - a language framework for semantic web services. In
Proceedings of the W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for
Interoperability, Washington DC, USA, April 2005. Position
paper.
57

[3] Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
The WSML rule languages for the semantic web. In Proceedings
of the W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for Interoperability,
Washington DC, USA, April 2005. Position paper.
[4] Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
The web service modeling language: An overview. In
Proceedings of the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference
(ESWC2006), Budva, Montenegro, June 2006. Springer-Verlag.
Implementations
Publications
[5] Jos de Bruijn, Enrico Franconi, and Sergio Tessaris. Logical
reconstruction of normative RDF. In OWL: Experiences and
Directions Workshop (OWLED-2005), Galway, Ireland,
November 2005.
Journal Articles
1. Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara, and Uwe
Keller. Using the web service modelling ontology to enable
Semantic eBusiness. Communications of the ACM, special issue
on the semantic e-business vision, 48(12):43–47, December
2005. This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here
by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for
redistribution. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1101779.1101807.
2. Jos de Bruijn, Rubén Lara, Sinuhé Arroyo, Juan Miguel Gomez,
Sung-Kook Han, and Dieter Fensel. A unified semantic web
services architecture based on WSMF and UPML. International
Journal on Web Engineering Technology, 2(2–3):148–180, 2005.
3. Dumitru Roman, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Rubén Lara Jos de
Bruijn, Michael Stollberg, Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier,
Christoph Bussler, and Dieter Fensel. Web service modeling
ontology. Applied Ontology, 1(1):77–106, 2005.
Books
4. Vladimir Alexiev, Michael Breu, Jos de Bruijn, Rubén Lara,
Holger Lausen, and Dieter Fensel. Information Integration with
Ontologies. Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2005.
58

Papers in Collections
5. Jos de Bruijn, Marc Ehrig, Cristina Feier, Francisco Martín-
Recuerda, François Scharffe, and Moritz Weiten. Ontology
mediation, merging and aligning. In Semantic Web
Technologies. Wiley, UK, 2006. To appear.
6. Jos de Bruijn and Dieter Fensel. Ontology definitions. In
Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Marcel
Dekker, inc., 2005.
http://www.dekker.com/sdek/issues~content=t713172967.
Papers in Proceedings
7. Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
The web service modeling language: An overview. In
Proceedings of the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference
(ESWC2006), Budva, Montenegro, June 2006. Springer-Verlag.
8. Jos de Bruijn, Enrico Franconi, and Sergio Tessaris. Logical
reconstruction of RDF and ontology languages. In Third
Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web
Reasoning, Dagstuhl, Germany, September 2005.
9. Jos de Bruijn, Enrico Franconi, and Sergio Tessaris. Logical
reconstruction of normative RDF. In OWL: Experiences and
Directions Workshop (OWLED-2005), Galway, Ireland,
November 2005.
10. Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Rubén Lara, and Dieter Fensel.
OWL DL vs. OWL Flight: Conceptual modeling and reasoning
on the semantic web. In Proceedings of the 14th International
World Wide Web Conference (WWW2005), Chiba, Japan, 2005.
ACM.
11. Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
The WSML rule languages for the semantic web. In Proceedings
of the W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for Interoperability,
Washington DC, USA, April 2005. Position paper.
12. Michael Kifer, Jos de Bruijn, Harold Boley, and Dieter Fensel. A
realistic architecture for the semantic web. In Proceedings of the
International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages
for the Semantic Web (RuleML-2005), Ireland, Galway,
November 2005.
59

13. Holger Lausen, Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel.
WSML - a language framework for semantic web services. In
Proceedings of the W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for
Interoperability, Washington DC, USA, April 2005. Position
paper.
14. François Scharffe and Jos de Bruijn. A language to specify
mappings between ontologies. In Proceedings of the Internet
Based Systems IEEE Conference (SITIS05), Yandoué,
Cameroon, November 2005.
15. Jos de Bruijn. Semantic integration of disparate data sources in
the cog project. In Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS2004),
Porto, Portugal, 2004.
16. Jos de Bruijn and Holger Lausen. Active ontologies for data
source queries. In Proceedings of the first European Semantic
Web Symposium (ESWS2004), number 3053 in LNCS,
Heidelberg, 2004. Springer-Verlag.
17. Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Sinuhé Arroyo, Jos de Bruijn, and
Dieter Fensel. Semantic web services: description requirements
and current technologies. In International Workshop on
Electronic Commerce, Agents, and Semantic Web Services,
Pittsburg, PA, USA, September 2003.
Selected Technical Reports
18. Jos de Bruijn, Cristina Feier, Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara, Axel
Polleres, and Livia Predoiu. WSML reasoner survey. Final Draft
D16.2v0.2, WSML, 2005.
19. Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Reto Krummenacher, Axel
Polleres, Livia Predoiu, Michael Kifer, and Dieter Fensel. The
web service modeling language WSML. WSML Final Draft
D16.1v0.21, WSML, 2005.
20. Jos de Bruijn, Francisco Martín-Recuerda, Axel Polleres, Livia
Predoiu, and Marc Ehrig. Ontology mediation management v1.
Deliverable D4.4.1, SEKT, 2004.
21. Jos de Bruijn, Douglas Foxvog, and Kerstin Zimmerman.
Ontology mediation patterns library v1. Deliverable D4.3.1,
SEKT, 2004.
60

22. Jos de Bruijn, Francisco Martín-Recuerda, Dimitar Manov, and
Marc Ehrig. State-of-the-art survey on ontology merging and
aligning v1. Deliverable D4.2.1, SEKT, 2004.
23. Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Rubén Lara, and Dieter Fensel.
OWL - . Final draft d20.1v0.2, WSML, 2004.
24. Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Rubén Lara, and Dieter Fensel.
OWL flight. Working draft d20.3v0.1, WSML, 2004.
25. Jos de Bruijn and Axel Polleres. Towards and ontology mapping
specification language for the semantic web. Technical Report
DERI-2004-06-30, DERI, 2004.
26. Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, Holger Lausen, Dumitru Roman, Jos
de Bruijn, and Dieter Fensel. A conceptual comparison between
WSMO and OWL-S. Final draft D4.1v0.1, WSMO, 2004.
27. Jos de Bruijn. Using ontologies - enabling knowledge sharing
and reuse on the semantic web. Technical Report DERI-2003-10-
29, DERI, 2003.
Other Publications
28. Jürgen Angele, Harold Boley, Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel,
Pascal Hitzler, Michael Kifer, Reto Krummenacher, Holger
Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Rudi Studer. Web rule language
(WRL). W3C Member Submission 09 September 2005, 2005.
29. Harold Boley, Jos de Bruijn, and Reto Krummenacher. WRL
XML schemas. W3C Member Submission 09 September 2005,
2005.
30. Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Pascal Hitzler, Michael Kifer, and
Axel Polleres. Relationship of WRL to relevant other
technologies. W3C Member Submission 09 September 2005,
2005.
31. Jos de Bruijn, Christoph Bussler, John Domingue, Dieter Fensel,
Martin Hepp, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer, Birgitta König-Ries,
Jacek Kopecky, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Eyal Oren, Axel
Polleres, Dumitru Roman, James Scicluna, and Michael
Stollberg. Web service modeling ontology (WSMO). W3C
Member Submission 3 June 2005, 2005.
61

32. Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer Holger
Lausen, Reto Krummenacher, Axel Polleres, and Livia Predoiu.
Web service modeling language (WSML). W3C Member
Submission 3 June 2005, 2005.
33. Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Michael Kifer, Jacek Kopecky,
Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, Dumitru Roman,
James Scicluna, and Ioan Toma. Relationship of WSMO to other
relevant technologies. W3C Member Submission 3 June 2005,
2005.
Master’s Thesis
34. Jos de Bruijn. Semantic information integration within and across
organizational boundaries. Master’s thesis, Delft University of
Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, November 2003.
62

3.4.2.3. Dimitrij Denissenko
Name
Dimitrij Denissenko
Entry date February 2006
Cluster SEBIS
Objective Multimedia Ontologies
Projects My main project is SALERO which develops “intelligent
content” objects with context-aware behaviors for self-adaptive
use and delivery across different platforms, building on and
extending research in media technologies, web semantics, and
context based image retrieval, to reverse the trend toward everincreasing
cost of creating media. My main contribution is in
developing of representation techniques for multimedia objects,
ontology language for multimedia objects and API and
appropriate development tools.
Research topic The focus of my research is in lifting of MPEG-7 metadata to the
ontological level and to develop mappings with standard
ontological languages as OWL and WSML.
Progress The concrete topic needs still to be defined.
towards PhD
Implementations Workbench for multimedia ontologies
Publications

3.4.2.4. Cristina Feier
Name
Cristina Feier
Entry date September 2004
Cluster
Objective
Projects
Reasonable Semantic Web Services – RSWS
Reasoning
RW2:
tasks:
- investigating/comparing Datalog (with negation)/LP evaluation
techniques
- semantics for scoped negation as failure
- reasoning in a distributed setting - infrastructure (context
representation) and reasoning peculliarities - defining a local
model semantics for interconnected LP programs and devising an
appropriate evaluation technique
deliverables:
D1.2 Report on reasoning techniques and prototype implementation
for the WSML-Core and WSMO-DL languages
D1.3 Report on reasoning techniques and prototype implementation
for the WSML-RL and WSML-FOL languages
SEKT
tasks:
- local model semantics for reasoning with WSML and particular
grounding(s) (most probably, WSML Flight) of the mapping
language;
- reasoning with WSML programs interconnected by such mappings
- further analysing the status of the SEKT case studies and provide
guidance in how mediation can be used for the scenarios identified
by this case studies and possibly suggest new scenarios which
involve mediation.
Research topic
deliverables:
D4.4.2 Report on Ontology mediation management V2
D4.6.2 Report on ontology mediation for case studies V2
My research interests can be placed in the general category of
reasoning for the Semantic Web. The peculiarity of this task is the

presence of ontologies located at different places on the Web,
interconnected by so-called mappings. I decided to focus on the
setting where ontologies and mappings are expressed using
formalisms from the LP family.
Several issues related with distributed reasoning that i am currently
investigating are:
1) semantics and evaluation: most of the approaches in the literature
assume the existence of a global model into which all the local
models are mapped for defining the semantics of reasoning with a
network of ontologies; also, in these cases, there is a global domain
of interpretation into which all the local domains are embedded.
This kind of semantics is called “global model semantics”. It gives
rise to global inconsistency, in the sense that if one of the
knowledge bases/peers is inconsistent, the inconsistency is
propagated to the whole system. On the web, where one cannot talk
about the whole system, this amounts to propagating the
inconsistency to the strongly connected component of the graph of
ontologies from which makes part the ontology to which a query is
addressed.
An approach that seems to be more realistic is the local semantics
approach, which considers that for each context/ontology/peer
there exists a local set of models and a local domain of
interpretation. Some domain relations are defined for establishing
the correspondences between elements from different domains. In
this case, the inconsistency of one context does not propagate to the
whole context space. The most prominent approaches based on this
kind of semantics are DFOL [Serafini+etAll-05] and C-OWL
[Bouquet+etAll-04].
Considering that a local model semantics is desirable for reasoning
with LP-based interconnected ontologies, an important issue is how
to define the evaluation technique. This one of the direction for my
research.
2) the treatment of negation as failure: as discussed at
http://www.w3.org/2004/12/rules-ws/report/#negation-as-failure,
negation as failure is a feature that is desired for representing
knowledge on the Web, but due to the OWA, which is
characteristic to this environment, cannot be applied without
certain restrictions. The suggested restriction is to define the scope
of the search for failure, the new type of negation being called
scoped negation as failure. However, due to the multiple ways of
defining the scope of the search for failure, different semantics can
be defined for programs that embed this type of negation. At the
initiative of Axel, and together with Andreas, we did some work
and plan to further continue in this direction.
65

Progress
towards PhD
Implementations
Publications
3) the possibility of employing heuristics for distinguishing between
relevant and not-so-relevant information for a query: the idea is to
reduce the search space for answers to a query.
So far, I have investigated the state-of-the-art in more areas which
are related to distributed reasoning. For example, I had a look at
approaches related to ontology mapping like MAFRA
[Maedche+MotikETAL-02], OntoMap [Kiryakov+SimovETAL-01a,
Kiryakov+SimovETAL-01b], RDFT [Omelayenko-02], etc. (actually
all the surveyed approaches are based on particular kind of
mappings, but other approaches are regarded from another point of
view/classified in a different category because they have other most
prominent characteristics), context-based approaches (Flora
[Yang+Kifer+Zhao-03, Kifer-05], Triple [DeckerETAL-05,
Sintek+Decker-03]), among these a special place having the
approaches that are based/extend the local model semantics (C-OWL
[Bouquet+GiunchigliaETAL-04],
DFOL[Serafini+StuckenschmidtETAL-05]), query-rewriting
approaches [Calvanese+GiacomoETAL-04a], the connection
between the data integration approach and automatic Web service
composition [Thakkar+Ambite+Knoblock-04], frameworks that take
into account the relationships between peers[Bertossi+Bravo-04],
etc..
As a result, I had identified the issues mentioned in my research
interests as being both relevant for the topic of distributed reasoning
and not deeply/widely treated in the existing work. Thus, working on
each of these issues and their combination into a general framework,
has the potential of getting original research results.
Recently I had a look in several Datalog evaluation procedures and I
am currently surveying the literature in order to identify classes of
programs for which a certain evaluation procedure is preferable over
the others. This work is relevant both for my PhD topic and for the
reasoner component (concerning its optimality).
As concerns the scoped negation as failure, together with Axel and
Andreas we wrote a paper in which we defined two possible
semantics for logical programs with contexts and (scoped) negation
as failure[Polleres+Feier+Hart].
In the near future, I intend to have a look at possible way to define
contexts, since the semantics for distributed reasoning are sensitive
to this issue (what information gets actually to be accessed given a
certain query and a certain syntactical form of rules with contexts).
As already mentioned in the research direction, i intend to proceed
by defining a local model semantics and an evaluation technique for
interconnected logical programs.
Book Chapters:
66

Jos de Bruijn, Marc Ehrig, Cristina Feier, Francisco Martin-
Recuerda, Francois Scharffe, Moritz Weiten: Ontology mediation,
merging and aligning – SEKT Book Chapter, 2006 (to appear).
Stollberg, M., Feier, C.; Roman, D., Fensel: Semantic Web Services -
Concepts and Technology. In N. Ide, D. Cristea, D Tufis (eds.):
Language Technology, Ontologies, and the Semantic Web. Kluwer
Publishers, 2006 (to appear).
Journal Articles:
Dumitru Roman, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Jos de Bruijn, Rubén
Lara, Michael Stollberg, Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier, Christoph
Bussler, and Dieter Fensel: Web Service Modeling Ontology. Applied
Ontology, IOS Press, 2005
Publications in Conference Proceedings:
Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier, Andreas Harth: Logic Programs with
Contextually Scoped Negation, ISWC06.
Feier, Roman, D.; Polleres, A.; Domingue, J.; Stollberg, M. and
Fensel, D.: Towards Intelligent Web Services: Web Service Modeling
Ontology (WSMO). In Proceedings of the International Conference
on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) 2005, Hefei, China, August 23-26,
2005.
67

3.4.2.5. Uwe Keller
Name
Uwe Keller
Entry date January 2004
Cluster Reasonable Semantic Web Services - RSWS
Objective Reasoning
Projects Currently and in the near future I am involved in the tasks and
project deliverables listed below past activities are not listed.
RW2
I Deliverable D1.2 – Report on reasoning techniques and prototype
implementation for the WSML-Core and WSML-DL languages
I Deliverable D1.3 – Report on reasoning techniques and prototype
implementation for the WSML-Rule and WSML-FOL languages
I Deliverable D1.4 – Evaluation of the reasoning procedures and
techniques
I Deliverable D4.2 – Revision of D4.1 (State-of-the art in semantic
Web service description and usage)
I Deliverable D5.2 – Report on and evaluation of the dissemination
strategy
I Deliverable D6.2 – Report on standardization activities and
achieved results
I Deliverable D7.2 – Final project report SEnSE
I Deliverable D0.1 v1 – Project Report (mid-term)
I Deliverable D0.1 v2 – Project Report (mid-term)
I Deliverable D2.1 – Upper-level Ontology
I Deliverable D2.2 – Design of Reasoning System
I Deliverable D2.3 – Reasoning Infrastructure
I Deliverable D3.1 – Agent System Design
I Deliverable D3.2 – SEnSE Multi-agent Infrastructure
I Deliverable D4.1 – Semantic Facade Design
I Deliverable D4.2 – Semantic Facade Framework
I Deliverable D5.1 – Software Prototype: SEnSE Environment
I Deliverable D6.1 – Test and Verification Report
I Deliverable D7.1 – List of Publications WSMO & WSML
I Deliverable D28.1 – Functional Specification of Web
Services: Elaborate the current presentation and discussion of the
interplay between description language and mathematical model
underlying the semantic layer; relation between semantic notions and
syntactic criteria to detect them; criteria for extensions of functional

Research topic
Progress
towards PhD
descriptions; completion of proofs. Furthermore, I am project
responsible for the SEnSE project and managing the project for
DERI Innsbruck. Given the list above, it is obvious that there are too
many deliverables to be handled by a single person.
Up to now, the progress towards my PhD is only marginal. I
investigated some parts of relevant literature concerning reasoning in
general (not specifically on Semantic Web reasoning), but failed for
a long time to develop a concrete idea of a suitable but not unrealistic
direction for a PhD. Instead, I collected various small ideas, but
never found the time to really start investigating them seriously. Only
very recently, in a discussion with my cluster leader Stijn Heymans
(where we talked about my plans for a PhD), I myself recognized
that many of the ideas somehow are related and actually should
provide enough material for a serious PhD project.
This means, so far I have identified a promising area of research for a
PhD project. The project sketched in Section 3 is a promising one for
the following reasons:
• It has a clear research hypothesis / question, which is not too
general and allows to go in sufficient depths as well
• Both theoretical and practical aspects are involved
• It can be done in finite time
• One can start small and extend the project in various directions as
needed
• It addresses an approach that has not been considered yet, however
clearly is based and motivated by existing work. The results and
work the project uses itself is well-investigated only partially, and
thus new results on underlying techniques are possible.
• After the completion of the project, a new small piece in the
solution space for a concrete problem of practical interest will be
governed and a small gap will be filled. In the best case, the result
will even lead to more powerful techniques in the field.
• The solutions can be implemented an thus clearly evaluated with
respect to existing tools (based on commonly accepted
benchmarks)
• The project is related to our community (Semantic Web), the
Description Logic community, and the Automated Reasoning
Community (and perhaps for the Modal Logic community too).
• The project is of general interest to a larger community, instead of a
DERI-intern research problem, that might have the problem of
lacking acceptance and feedback within a research community of
suitable size
• The outcomes can be applied in the context of specific work in
DERI as well, in particular for WSML-DL reasoning.
The next steps in regard of the PhD project is to seriously get into all
the relevant material, and to write a PhD project proposal, which
69

thoroughly develops the justification of the project, is backed by
concrete pointers to relevant literature and ensures the feasibility of
the approach. Finally, it will include a workplan that manifests the
roadmap for the project.
Based on this proposal, we intend to write a project proposal (e.g.
Austrian-funded, foundational research: FWF) and send it to a
respective funding agency. In case of acceptance, the work
distribution in regard of existing projects has to be reconsidered.
Implementations Currently, I am involved in or responsible for the development of the
following pieces of software:
WSML2Reasoner: WSML2Reasoner is a flexible framework for
reasoning over WSML-Ontologies. Currently, it supports query
answering over WSML-Core, WSMLFlight and WSML-Rule
ontologies. The framework serves as a translational middleware
as well as a unified interface between clients interested in
WSML reasoning and specific reasoning engines. In particular, it
does not fix the engine to be used for evaluation of reasoning
tasks (e.g. query answering) and allows to integrate new engines
in a simple manner.
MINS: Design and Implementation of the DERI Rule Engine.
Essentially, MINS can perform query answering over Horn
theories (including default negation and built-in/datatype
predicates) and therefore be used (as a reasoner underlying
WSML2Reasoner) for query answering over WSML-Core,
WSML-Flight and WSMLRule.
Publications
Semantic Facades: The SEnSE project aims at the development of a
knowledge-based information system for engineers that proactively
supports the information needs of people involved in
complex engineering processes.
Semantic Facades are particular software components that wrap
legacy sources within the SEnSE environment and integrate them
into the system. They provide a semantic perspective of relevant
information stored (or represented) within the source and allow
uniform and semantic-based access to these information across
multiple heterogeneous resources.
Chris Bussler, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, and Brahmananda
Sapkota, editors. 2nd WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW
2005), Innsbruck, Austria, volume 134 of CEUR Workshop
Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073. CEUR, June 2005.
Jos de Bruijn, Chris Bussler, John Domingue, Dieter Fensel, Martin
Hepp, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer, Birgitta Knig-Ries, Jacek
Kopecky, Ruben Lara, Holger Lausen, Eyal Oren, Axel Polleres,
70

Dumitru Roman, James Scicluna, and Michael Stollberg. Web
Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). W3C Member Submission,
June 2005.
Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer, Holger
Lausen, Reto Krummenacher, Axel Polleres, and Livia Predoiu. Web
Service Modeling Language (WSML). W3C Member Submission,
June 2005.
Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, and Rub´en Lara. Using
the Web Service Modelling Ontology to enable Semantic eBusiness.
Communications of the ACM, Special issue on the Semantic e-
Business Vision, 48(12):43–47, December 2005.
Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Ioan
Toma. WWW or What is Wrong with Web Service Discovery.
Proceedings of the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in
Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005.
Uwe Keller. Some Remarks on the Definability of Transitive
Closure in First-order Logic and Datalog. Internal Report, Digital
Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), University of Innsbruck, June
2004.
Uwe Keller. Development of a WSML Reasoning Infrastructure.
Internal Report, Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI),
University of Innsbruck, August 2005.
Uwe Keller. How common Specification Frameworks for Software
Components deal with Inputs in functional Specifications. Internal
Report, Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), University of
Innsbruck, January 2005.
Uwe Keller, Rub´en Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter
Fensel. Automatic Location of Services. In Proceedings of 2nd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Heraklion, Greece,
pages 1–16, May 2005.
Uwe Keller and Holger Lausen. Semantic Web Service Discovery in
WSMO, Chapter in Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools and
Applications. 2006 to appear.
Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, and Michael Stollberg. On the
Semantics of Functional Descriptions of Web Services. In York Sure
and John Domingue, editors, Proceedings of the 3rd European
Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Budva, Montenegro, volume
71

4011 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), pages 605 –
619. Springer, June 11-14 2006.
Uwe Keller, Michael Neswal, and Alois Reitbauer. Semantic Web
meets Product Engineering – It does make a lot of SEnSE. Poster
proposal about the SEnSE project, unpublished, 2006.
Uwe Keller, Michael Stollberg, and Dieter Fensel. WOOGLE meets
Semantic Web Fred. In Proceedings of the Workshop on WSMO
Implementations (WIW 2004), Frankfurt, Germany, September
2004. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073.
Michael Kifer, Rub´en Lara, Axel Polleres, C. Zhao, Uwe Keller,
and Holger Lausen. A Logical Framework for Web Service
Discovery. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Web
Services: Preparing to Meet the World of Business Applications,
International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2004), Hiroshima,
Japan, November 2004.
Dumitru Roman, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Rub´en Lara Jos de
Bruijn, Michael Stollberg, Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier, Christoph
Bussler, and Dieter Fensel. Web service modeling ontology. Applied
Ontology, 1(1):77–106, 2005.
Michael Stollberg, Uwe Keller, and Dieter Fensel. Partner and
Service Discovery for Collaboration Establishment on the Semantic
Web. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Web
Services (ICWS 2005), Orlando, Florida, July 2005.
Michael Stollberg, Uwe Keller, Peter Zugmann, and Roman Herzog.
Semantic Web Fred – Agent Cooperation on the Semantic Web. In
Demonstration at the 3rd International Conference on Semantic Web
(ISWC 2004), Hiroshima, Japan, January 2004.
Michael Stollberg, Dimitru Roman, Ioan Toma, Uwe Keller, Roman
Herzog, Peter Zugmann, and Dieter Fensel. Semantic Web Fred –
Automated Goal Resolution on the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of
the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
(HICSS 2005), Hawaii, January 2005.
A. Zhdanova and Uwe Keller. Semantic Web Fred – Automated
Goal Resolution on the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the Second
World Enformatika Congress (WEC 2005), Istanbul, Turkey, pages
47–50, February 2005.
72

3.4.2.6. Holger Lausen
Name
Holger Lausen
Entry date April 2003
Cluster RSWS
Objective Discovery (and infrastructure service like WSMO4J)
Projects - Kweb Contributer
- SWS Challenge Organization
- Contribution to Discovery Prototype
- RW² Project Management (supervision 2 students / coordination
Researcher
- RW² Deliverables:
- d2.2 Discovery Framework Specification
- d2.3 Prototype Implementation of the Discovery Component
- d3.2 First prototype of the base framework for the WSMO-Studio
including the WSMO-API
- d3.3 WSMO Studio Prototype
- Dissemination/Technology Watch/Progress Reports
- W3C
- Semantic Annotation for WSDL Working Group
- RIF Working Group (getting less involved here)
Research topic Web Service Discovery
Numerous proposals exist on adding /semantics/ to Web Service
Discovery, but most focus on some specific aspect without revealing
their underlying assumptions. Each approach has a specific approach
to model service requests and service offers. While often the notion
of a match is logically sound described, it is not mapped to actual
requirements in the problem domain. I want to show how different
granularities of modeling can address a particular problem, i.e. a
keyword based search works perfectly fine for a manual search in
even a relatively big amount of services as long as their domain is
sufficient different.
Adding concept based descriptions can increase the precision, given
that providers (or some one else) is willing to invest the effort of
annotation. This Annotations can ease *manual to semi-automatic*
discovery, and it can be shown that ontologies are a more flexible
means for this type of classification than standard classification

schemes like UNSPC. Respectively it can be shown that one can
disambiguating concepts mentioned in UNSPC, by adding further
annotation using an ontology language.
Finally for the vision of automatic discovery, selection and
invocation it is clear that more precise annotations are needed.
Slowly annotating inputs and outputs (as in many OWL-S based
approaches) have the deficiency that they do not describe the relation
between inputs and outputs.
The aim of the PhD is to outline those "levels" of modeling and how
they relate/address to different problems in the area of service
discovery.
An implementation based on the previous work on WSML will
illustrate how a particular approach can be realized.
Progress
towards PhD
1) Introduction
2) Snapshot of Web Services
Analyze of a collection of public Web services and currently
available search engines (respectively portals)
3) Analyze of Approaches to improve Service Discovery.
- The AI/Planning Approach (focus on the input/output
annotation)
- Ubiquitous Computing (focus on the discovery protocol
aspect)
- Component Retrieval in Software Specification (complete
specification of functionality)
4) Methodology for Modeling Web Services
5) Implementation
5.1) Architecture
5.2) Foundations (WSMO4J / WSML2Reasoner)
6) Evaluation
7) Conclusion
Implementations Lead (Innsbruck): WSMO4J
Participating: WSML2Reasoner, MINS (parser extension),
Discovery Engine
Publications Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen and Michael Stollberg. On the Semantics
74

of Functional Descriptions of Web Services in Proceedings of the 3rd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006). Budva,
Montenegro, June 2006.
Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres and Dieter Fensel. The
Web Service Modeling Language: An Overview in Proceedings of the
3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2006), Budva,
Montenegro, June 2006.
Dumitru Roman, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Jos de Bruijn, Rubén
Lara, Michael Stollberg, Axel Polleres, Cristina Feier, Christoph
Bussler, and Dieter Fensel: Web Service Modeling Ontology. To
appear in Applied Ontology, IOS Press, 2005.
Holger Lausen, Ying Ding, Michael Stollberg, Dieter Fensel, Rubén
Lara, and Sung-Kook Han: Semantic web portals: state-of-the-art
survey. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2005, Volume: 9 Issue:
5 Page: 40 - 49
Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Ioan
Toma: What is wrong with Web services Discovery. In W3C
Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services,
Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005. Position Paper.
Emanuele Della Valle, Dario Cerizza, Politecnico di Milano Veli,
Bicer Yildirak, Kabak Gokce, Banu Laleci, and Holger Lausen. The
Need for Semantic Web Service in the eHealth. In W3C Workshop
on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria,
June 2005. Position Paper.
Jos de Bruijn, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel: The
WSML rule languages for the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the
W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for Interoperability, Washington
DC, USA, April 2005. Position Paper.
Holger Lausen, Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, and Dieter Fensel:
WSML - a Language Framework for Semantic Web Services. W3C
Rules Workshop. In Proceedings of the W3C Workshop on Rule
Languages for Interoperability, Washington DC, USA, April 2005.
Position Paper.
Uwe Keller, Ruben Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and Dieter
Fensel: Automatic Location of Services, In Proceedings of the 2nd
European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS2005), Heraklion,
Crete, 29th May - 1st June, 2005.
75

Vladimir Alexiev, Michael Breu, Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Ruben
Lara and Holger Lausen: Information Integration with Ontologies:
Ontology based Information Integration in an Industrial Setting,
ISBN: 0-470-01048-7, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK, April
2005.
Daniel Olmedilla, Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, and Holger Lausen:
Trust negotiation for semantic web services. In Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, volume 3387, pages 81-95, 2005.
Michael Kifer, Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, Chang Zhao, Uwe Keller,
Holger Lausen, and Dieter Fensel. A logical framework for web
service discovery. In ISWC 2004 Workshop on Semantic Web
Services: Preparing to Meet the World of Business Applications,
volume 119, Hiroshima, Japan, 2004. CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
Holger Lausen and Michael Felderer. Architecture for an ontology
and web service modeling studio. In Proceedings of the Workshop on
WSMO Implementations, volume 107. CEURWorkshop
Proceedings, 2004.
Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Michael
Stollberg, and Sung-Kook Han, editors. Proceedings of the ECAI
2004 Workshop on Application of Semantic Web Technologies to
Web Communities, Valencia, Spain, August 23-27, 2004, volume 107
of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2004.
Michael Stollberg, Holger Lausen, Rubén Lara, Ying Ding, Sung-
Kook Han, and Dieter Fensel. Towards semantic web portals. In
WWW Workshop on Application Design, Development and
Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web, 2004.
Jos de Bruijn and Holger Lausen. Active ontologies for data source
queries. In The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, First
European Semantic Web Symposium, ESWS 2004, Heraklion, Crete,
Greece, May 10-12, 2004, Proceedings, volume 3053 of Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, pages 107-120, Heraklion, Crete, 2004.
Springer.
Rubén Lara, Sung-Kook Han, Holger Lausen, Michael Stollberg,
Ying Ding, and Dieter Fensel. An evaluation of semantic web
portals. In IADIS Applied Computing International Conference,
Lisbon, Portugal, 2004.
Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Sinuhé Arroyo, Jos de Bruijn, and
Dieter Fensel. Semantic web services: description requirements and
76

current technologies. In International Workshop on Electronic
Commerce, Agents, and Semantic Web Services, Pittsburgh, PA,
September 30, 2003.
Technical Reports
Holger Lausen, Michael Stollberg, Rubén Lara, Ying Ding, Sung-
Kook Han, and Dieter Fensel. Semantic web portals state of the art
survey. Technical Report DERI-TR-2004-04-03, Digital Enterprise
Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, 2004.
Michael Stollberg, Holger Lausen, Sinuhe Arroyo, Peter Smolle,
Reinhold Herzog, and Dieter Fensel. Fred whitepaper - an agent
platform for the semantic web. Technical Report DERI TR-2004-01-
09, Digital Enterprise Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, 2004.
77

3.4.2.7. Ruzica Piskac
Name
Ruzica Piskac
Entry Date August 2006
Cluster
Component
Projects
Research topic
Progress
towards PhD
RSWS
Reasoning
None, but we intend to write FWF proposal
Our main goal is to define a reasoner for the First-order
Autoepistemic Logic (WSML Full) in the framework of WSML
languages.
Since I have just started at DERI week ago, I have only done the first
steps in the direction of my PhD. We defined briefly the topic and
main guidelines during the research. We outlined the following
phases in the research:
1) investigating the literature
2) defining the reasoner
3) implementation
Implementations
Publications
Currently I am getting myself familiar with relevant papers and the
newest results. We expect that in the near future, after I accustom
myself with the terminology and problems, we shall formulate the
FWF proposal.
Journal Articles:
P. Saiz, L. Aphecetche, P. Buncic, R. Piskac, J.-E. Revsbech, V.
Sego. 2003. AliEn-ALICE environment on the GRID. Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Volume
502, Issue 2-3, p. 437-440.
Publications in Conference Proceedings:
H. de Nivelle, R. Piskac. Verification of an Off-Line Checker for
Priority Queues. Proceedings of Third IEEE International Conference
on Software Engineering and Formal Methods, Koblenz, IEEE
computer society press, Washington, 2005, 210-219.

L. Caklovic, R. Piskac, V. Sego. 2001. Improvement of AHP method.
Mathematical Communications - Supplement No.1 (2001), 13-21.
Master Thesis:
R. Piskac. Formal Correctness of Result Checking for Priority
Queues. Masters thesis, Universitastät des Saarlandes, 2005.
R. Piskac. Parallel Algorithms for Sorting and Merging (in Croatian).
Diploma thesis. University of Zagreb, 2000.
79

3.4.2.8. Richard Pöttler
Name
Richard Pöttler
Entry date January 2006
Cluster RSWS
Objective Reasoning and Mediation
Projects
Research topic
At the moment I'm working as a programmer / researcher for DERI.
In more detail I'm programming for the mappingAPI (Francois) and
the reasoner (Darko). In the mappingAPI I implemented the parser
for the XML-Language, edited the objectmodel, reimplemented the
OWL and WSML export and now I'm implementing the conditions.
In the reasoner I got to implement the builtins.
Implementations ● OMWG (Advisors: Jan Henke, Francois Scharffe)
○ Reimplemented the Exports of the mappings (XML Format,
WSML, OWL)
○ Implemented the parser/marshaller for the XML language
○ Implementing conditions
○ Trying to find similarities between ontologies
○ Cleaning up the objectmodel
● WSML Reasoner (Advisors: Darko Anicic, Holger Lausen)
○ Implemented builtins
○ Implemented datatypes
● GoldenBullet (Advisors: Ying Ding, Martin Hepp)
○ Refactored/bugfixed the code
○ Made submited data persistent
○ Implemented a search mask

3.4.2.9. James Scicluna
Name
James Scicluna
Entry date October 2004
Cluster RSWS
Objective Choreography
Projects Infrawebs:
Tasks:
- Behavioral Language
- QoS Metric and Monitor
- Error Handling
- P2P Architecture Specification
- Final SWS-E and QoS-Monitor
- Use Case Preparation for Demonstrator
- Contribution in the WSMO Use Case Description
- Contribution in the Dissemination Efforts
Deliverables:
- D7.3.2 Realization of SWS-E, Error Handling and QoS Monitor
- D7.4.3 Final SWS-E and Running P2P-Agent and Demonstrator
Preparation
Research topic Use Cases (both B2C and B2B) for choreography interfaces.
Identification of choreography patterns from a combination of
workflow patterns [9] and service interaction patterns. Evaluation of
the suitability of framework such as Petri Nets [6], Abstract State
Machines [4], Transaction Logic [3] and Process Algebra [1] for the
formalization of the choreography patterns. Adequate combination of
tow or more of these methodologies such that the:
1. the (newly defined) semantics for the combined framework
provides the needed expressiveness for the modeling of
choreography patterns
2. formal automated reasoning procedure should exist for the
combined framework
Evaluation with respect to other formal languages such as YAWL
[8]. Application of this language in the Semantic Web [7] and an
execution engine on top.
Progress Draft outline of the PhD Thesis.
towards PhD
1. Introduction

2. Motivation
- why choreography interface patterns?
- why combining different formalisms to adequately formulate
these patterns?
- In what way will the above two points ease compatibility
checking and other reasoning tasks?
- What kind of advantages can this bring to the semantic web?
3. Use cases
- Description of B2B and B2C scenarios clearly showing
interactions between the parties
- Identify which service interaction [2] and workflow patterns [9]
can be combined into choreography patterns
4. Formal Methods
- Writing down the choreography patterns using the methodologies
such as Petri Nets [6], Transaction Logic [3], Abstract State
Machines [4] and Process Algebra [1].
- Evaluation of the formal methods based in (1) the effort required
to model the choreography patterns and (2) expressivity of the
methodology (taking into account the requirements for allowing
to reason on compatibility checking [5])
- Combination of methodologies: identification of requirements in
choreography and how those requirements are expected to
present in different representation formalisms, which enforces a
combination: we will define the formal combined language,
provide semantics for this language that captures the intended
requirements for choreography.
5. Application in the Semantic Web
- Reasoning: to enable the effective deployment of Semantic Web
Services we will investigate formal decidable reasoning (in the
sense that we will first check whether decidable reasoning is
possible with the combined framework, and if not, we will
identify expressive fragments of the combined framework that do
provide with decidable reasoning). This decidable reasoning
depends on the required reasoning for Semantic Web Services,
bur envisage at least compatibility check and maybe others. We
will formally define how those reasoning tasks (like
compatibility checking) can be reduced to decidable reasoning in
the combined framework.
- Relation to WSMO Choreography [7]: investigate the mapping of
the above combined framework into a standard logic
programming language like WSML-Rule. Moreover investigate
whether choreography reasoning calls for specific reasoning tasks
82

(like compatibility checking) which are currently not provided by
the WSML Reasoning component. This would require the
investigation of new algorithms and the subsequent
implementation of these algorithms in the WSML Reasoner.
6. Evaluation
7. Conclusion
[1] J.C.M. Baeten. Procesalgebra: en formalisme voor parallelle,
communicerende processen. Deventer: Kluwer, 1988.
[2] Alistair Barros, Marlon Dumas, and Arthur ter Hofstede. Service
interaction patterns: Towards a reference framework for servicebased
business process interconnection. Technical report, Faculty
of Information Technology, Queensland University of
Technology, Brisbane, Australia, March 2005.
[3] Anthony J. Bonner and Michael Kifer. Transaction logic
programming. Pages 257-279, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993. MIT
Press.
[4] Egon Börger and Robert Stärk. Abstract State Machines: A
Method for High-Level System Design and Analysis. Springer,
2003.
[5] Axel Martens. Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse – Modellierung und
Verifikation mit Hilfe von Web Services. PhD thesis, Humboldt-
Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 2003.
[6]Carl Adam Petri. Kommunikation mit Automaten. PhD thesis,
Institut für Instrumentelle Mathematik, Bonn, 1962.
[7] James Scicluna, Axel Polleres, and Dumitru Roman. Ontologybases
choreography and orchestration of wsmo services.
Technical Report D14, DERI Innsbruck, October 2005.
[8] W.M.P. van der Aalst and A.H.M. ter Hofstede. Yawl: Yet
another workflow language. Information Systems, 30(4):245-
275, 2005.
[9] W.M.P. van der Aalst, A.H.M. ter Hofstede. B. Kiepuszewski,
and A.P. Barros. Workflow patterns. Distributed and Parallel
Databases, 14(3):5-51, July 2003.
Implementations - Design and Specification of the Choreography Syntax
- Design and Implementation of the Choreography API for
83

Publications
WSMO4J
- Input in the Design and Implementation of the Choreography
Engine for WSMX
- Design and Implementation of the Quality of Service Metrics for
the Infrawebs project
- Design and Implementation of the Quality of Service Monitor for
the Infrawebs project (ongoing)
José-Manuel López-Cobo, Alejandro López-Pérez and James
Scicluna: A Semantic Choreography-driven Frequent Flyer Program
in Proceedings of the Future Research Challenges of Software and
Services Workshop, Vienna (Austria), April, 2006
James Scicluna and Axel Polleres: Semantic Web Service Execution
for WSMO Based Choreographies in Proceedings of the Semantic
Web Applications Workshop, EuroMedia 2005, Toulouse (France),
April, 2005
84

3.4.2.10. Alexander Wahler
Name
Alexander Wahler
Entry date December 2003
Cluster SEBIS
Objective Semantic Web Services
Projects I coordinate the DERI team in SALERO. Major tasks are the
development of representation techniques for multimedia objects,
development of an ontology language for multimedia objects and
API Ontologies for multimedia objects and a workbench (tools).
I was one of the main editors of the SUPER proposal and
contributed to the definition of the new research field of
“semantic business process management”.
I participated also from the very beginning the NFN proposal
SESA.
Research topic My main focus of the research is applying semantic web services
to real world applications and to evaluate the integration of SWS
in existing software architectures.
Progress Due to heavy commercial activities there is no progress to report.
towards PhD Potential topic for the PhD thesis is the evolvement of ecosystems
based on the service oriented computing paradigm
Implementations So far there are no implementations
Publications
1. Martin Hepp, Frank Leymann, John Domingue, Alexander
Wahler,and Dieter Fensel Semantic Business Process
Management: A Vision Towards Using Semantic Web
Services for Business Process Management
Proceedings of the IEEE ICEBE 2005, October 18-20,
Beijing, China, pp. 535-540.
2. Siegfried Reich, Georg Güntner, Tassilo Pellegrini,
Alexander Wahler (Hrsg.) Semantic Content Engineering
Proceedings der Semantics 2005, Trauner Verlag, Linz
3. Alexander Wahler, Bernhard Schreder, Aleksandar
Balaban, Juan Miguel Gomez, Klaus Niederacher: MIKSI
- A Semantic and Service Oriented Integration Platform.
ESWS 2004: 459-472
4. Eyal Oren, Alexander Wahler, Bernhard Schreder,
Aleksandar Balaban, Michal Zaremba, Maciej Zaremba
Demonstrating WSMX: Least Cost Supply Management,

1st WSMO Implementation Workshop, Frankfurt,
Germany
5. Klaus Niederacher, Alexander Wahler: Concept for
content administration of database powered multimedia
web-sites. ACM Multimedia (2) 1999: 57-58
86

3.4.3. Senior Researchers
Senior Researchers
No Name Topic
3 Dr. Stijn Heymans Reasoning
3.4.3.1. Stijn Heymans
Name
Stijn Heymans
Entry date March 2006
Cluster RSWS
Objective Reasoning and Formal Languages
Projects I will be involved in the SENSE project and wrote the long version
of project part 6 of the SESA nfn proposal (SOA-S, semantics in
SOAs). Regarding deliverables, I did some minor reviewing for
D14.
Research topic My main focus of research is the extension of logic programming
paradigms in order to make them more suitable for conceptual
reasoning. E.g., the investigation of logic programs under an open
domain semantics as is standard in Description Logics. In particular,
I am interested in the integration of Description Logics (or
Ontological reasoning) and Logic Programming (or Rule-based
reasoning).
On my to do list in that respect are:
- A simulation of Rosati’s r-hybrid knowledge base which combines
Description logics and Datalog in our framework of Logic
Programs under the open answer set semantics, as well as show
that the latter have advantages over the former for Semantic Web
reasoning. (in 2 months, scheduled for ALPSWS 06 or similar
workshop/conference)
1. In the further future we intend to devise effective algorithms
for reasoning with logic programs under the open answer set
semantics. To make an analogy, in DLs one has both
decidability proofs (e.g., by automata translation) and
effective algorithms (so-called tableaux algorithms) enabling

Progress
towards Habil
reasoning with DLs. The presence of the well-investigated
theoretical foundations of DLs and the existence of those
algorithms is (part of) the explanation of the success of DLs
in the SW community (that and being on the right place and
the right time basically with a good dose of luck). The intent
of this line of research is to do a similar thing for logic
programs under the open answer set semantics, i.e., the
theoretical decidability results are largely done, so it is time
to look into effective algorithms. Since LP has nice features
DLs lack (such as nonmonotonicity) this would yield a quite
attractive framework for doing knowledge representation and
reasoning. In a latter stage, we will implement those
algorithms. (2 years work to cover a broad range of fragments
of logic programs under the open answer set semantics and
have decent implementations)
Besides these personal topics, I intend to be involved in the research
of my cluster colleagues (in different degrees of involvement) with
topics as: distributed reasoning in the (WSML) LP context,
formalizations of choreography/orchestration, formalizations related
to service discovery, decidability of first-order logic extensions to
auto-epistemic logic (in the WSML-Full context), efficient (WSML-
)DL reasoning through alternative FOL-based methods.
Since I have my PhD since February there is no progress to report
regarding the Habilitation yet. For the future, the anageable of
algorithms for reasoning with logic programs under the open answer
set semantics, as described in my research topic above, is planned to
constitute a part of the Habilitation.
Implementations So far there are no implementations. As described above, after the
algorithms for the above semantics have been devised, they will be
implemented and integrated in the current WSML reasoner.
Publications Conceptual Logic Programs. Stijn Heymans, Davy Van
Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Annals of Mathematics and
Artificial Intelligence (Special Issue on Answer Set Programming),
pp. x-x, Springer Netherlands, 2006. Accepted for publication.
Open Answer Set Programming for the Semantic Web. Stijn
Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Journal of
Applied Logic, pp. x-x, Elsevier, 2006. Accepted for publication.
Cooperating Answer Set Programming. Davy Van Nieuwenborgh,
Stijn Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 22th International
Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2006), pp. x-x, Springer
LNCS x, 2006. Accepted for publication.
Approximating Extended Answer Sets. Davy Van Nieuwenborgh,
88

Stijn Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 17 th European
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2006), pp. x-x, , 2006.
Accepted for publication.
Reasoning with the Description Logic DLRO-less than using Bound
Guarded Programs. Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Dieter
Fensel and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of Reasoning on the Web
workshop (RoW 2006), pp. x-x, , 2006. Accepted for publication.
Hierarchical Decision Making in Multi-Agent Systems using Answer
Set Programming. Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Marina De Vos, Stijn
Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of Seventh Workshop on
Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems (CLIMA-VII), pp. x-x,
Springer LNAI , 2006. Accepted for publication.
Unsatisfiability Reasoning in ORM Conceptual Schemes. Mustafa
Jarrar and Stijn Heymans. In Proc. Of International Conference on
Semantics of a Networked World (ICSNW 2006), pp. x-x, Springer
LNCS , 2006. Accepted for publication.
Guarded Open Answer Set Programming with Generalized Literals.
Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc.
Of Fourth International Symposium on Foundations of Information
and Knowledge Systems (FoIKS 2006), pp. 179-200, Springer LNCS
3861, 2006.
Preferential Reasoning on a Web of Trust. Stijn Heymans, Davy
Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 4 th International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2005), pp. 368-382, Springer
LNCS 3729, 2005.
Synthesis from Temporal Specifications Using Preferred Answer Set
Programming. Stijn Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk
Vermeir. In Proc. Of ICTCS 2005, pp. 280-294, Springer LNCS
3701, 2005.
Guarded Open Answer Set Programming. Stijn Heymans, Davy Van
Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 8 th International
Conference on Logic Programming and Non Monotonic Reasoning
(LPNMR 2005), pp. 92-104, Springer LNAI 3662, 2005.
Intelligence Analysis using Quantitative Preferences. Davy Van
Nieuwenborgh, Stijn Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of
Answer Set Programming: Advances in Theory and Implementation
(ASP 2005), pp. 233-247, Research Press International, 2005.
89

Extending Conceptual Logic Programs with Arbitrary Rules. Stijn
Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of
Answer Set Programming: Advances in Theory and Implementation
(ASP 2005), pp. 27-41, Research Press International, 2005. 3
Nonmonotonic Ontological and Rule-Based Reasoning with
Extended Conceptual Logic Programs. Stijn Heymans, Davy Van
Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 2 nd European Semantic
Web Conference (ESWC 2005), pp. 392-407, Springer LNCS 3532,
2005.
Weighted Answer Sets and Applications in Intelligence Analysis.
Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Stijn Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc.
Of 11 th International Conference on Logic for Programming,
Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning (LPAR 2004), pp. 169-183,
Springer LNCS 3452, 2005.
An Ordered Logic Program Solver. Davy Van Nieuwenborgh, Stijn
Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of Seventh International
Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages (PADL
2005), pp. 128-142, Springer LNCS 3350, 2005.
Semantic Web Reasoning with Conceptual Logic Programs. Stijn
Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of
3 rd International Workshop on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for
the Semantic Web, pp. 113-127, Springer LNCS 3323, 2004.
Hierarchical Decision Making by Autonomous Agents. Stijn
Heymans, Davy Van Nieuwenborgh and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of
9 th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence (JELIA
2004), pp. 44-56, Springer LNAI 3229, 2004.
On Programs with Linearly Ordered Multiple Preferences. Davy Van
Nieuwenborgh, Stijn Heymans and Dirk Vermeir. In Proc. Of 20 th
International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2004), pp.
180-194, Springer LNCS 3132, 2004.
Integrating Description Logics and Answer Set Programming. S.
Heymans and D. Vermeir. In Proc. Of International Workshop on
Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (PPSWR 2003),
pp. 146-159, Springer LNCS 2901, 2003.
Integrating Semantic Web Reasoning and Answer Set Programming.
S. Heymans and D. Vermeir. In Proc. Of Answer Set Programming:
90

Advances in Theory and Implementation (ASP03), pp. 194-208,
Volume 78 of CEUR Proceedings, 2003.
Integrating Ontology Languages and Answer Set Programming. S.
Heymans and D. Vermeir. In Proc. Of Fourteenth International
Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp. 584-
588, IEEE Computer Society, 2003.
A Defeasible Ontology Language. S. Heymans and D. Vermeir. In
Proc. Of Confederated International Conferences: CoopIS, DOA, and
ODBASE 2002, pp. 1033-1046, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer
Science 2519, 2002.
Using Preference Order in Ontologies. S. Heymans and D. Vermeir.
In Proc. Of Thirteenth International Workshop on Database and
Expert Systems Applications, pp. 85-89, IEEE Computer Society,
2002.
91

4. Semantics in Business Information Systems Cluster (SEBIS)
In the following we describe the SEBIS cluster in general terms, in terms of the
objectives it takes care, in terms of the project it takes care, and in terms of its members.
4.1. General Description
Name
Acronym
Web site
Leader
Team
Semantics in Business Information Systems
SEBIS
http://sebis.deri.org
Ying Ding and Martin Hepp
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Matin Hepp
Junior Researchers:
Tobias Bürger
Jan Henke
Dumitru Roman
Francois Scharffe
Katharina Siorpaes
Michael Stollberg
Objectives
Projects
Students:
Daniel Bachlechner
Andreas Klotz
Bernhard Leschinger
Michael Luger
Kathrin Prantner
(1) Ontologies
dip, EASIER, Eastweb, enRIAF, etPlanner, MUSING, myOntology,
OnTourism, SUPER Martin
92

Mission
In our research group, we work at transferring Semantic Web and
Semantic Web Services technology to research problems in Business
Information Systems, in order to bridge the gap between the fundamental
work yielded by the Formal Ontology and Semantic Web communities on
one hand, and the application-oriented challenges of BIS/MIS as a
discipline.
This includes the following two dimensions:
Maturing Semantic Web foundations, so that they become compatible
with the real world complexity and scale.
This includes four main areas of research:
• Ontology engineering,
• Community-driven ontology building,
• Economic aspects of ontology building and usage, and
• Ontology Management Systems (OMS).
Applying Semantic Web technology to core challenges of Information
Systems in order to realize and evaluate the business benefit and to
identify the open research challenges. We currently focus on various
application domains, e.g.:
• Semantics-supported Business Process Management,
• Semantic Web services, especially WSMO/WSML/WSMX, and
• Electronic Markets and Electronic Procurement.
Major
tasks and
deliverables
DIP:
a) Delivery of M30 deliverables
WP1: Final version of Reasoner Technology Scan and Recommendation
and WSML Semantics Specification
WP2: Final version of editing and browsing, versioning, mapping;
preparation of Ontology Management Book
WP3: „Goal Ontologies for Effective Resource Management” and
“Semantic Web Services grounding specification”
WP4: Final version of Discovery Module Prototype and, Orchestration
engine prototype
b) Preparation of the final review (October 23-26, 2006 in Innsbruck)
MUSING
• Deliverables:
• D18: Position paper on multi-industry methodologies and
tools (basically a journal paper; due M12 – April 2007)
• D30: Solution simulations (experiments of ontologysupported
Business Intelligence; due M18 – August 2007)
• Tasks:
• 3.1 Ontologies development and management
• Propose Ontology languages, methodologies, and
93

propose/provide infrastructure
• 5.1 Methodologies and Tools paper (same as D18)
• WP 5 lead
• 6.4 Domain Ontology Financial Risk Management
• 7.4 Domain Ontology Internationalization
• 8.4. Domain Ontology IT Operational Risk
SUPER
Delivery of M6, M12, M18 deliverables
WP1: (Semantic Business Process Ontology and BP Operational
Semantics)
• D1.1 Process Modelling Ontology and Mapping to WSMO (M12)
• Process Ontology Language and
• D1.3 Operational Semantics for Semantic Business Processes
• (currently lead by NUIG, negotiations to shift responsibility to
UIBK; M12)
• D1.4 Process Ontology Query Language merged with D 1.3 (M18)
WP11:
• D11.2 SBPM community building activities (M18)
Contributions
WP 2 (Semantic Process Life Cycle Methodology and Evaluation)
WP 8 (Telecoms Use Case framework and Ontology)
4.2. Objectives
• Ontologies (1)
4.2.1. Ontologies
Nr 1
Title Ontologies
Mission In this research topic, we want to advance the state of the art the use of
statement ontologies for advancement in the automation of business processes.
Ontologies in our understanding are community contracts about a
representation of a domain of discourse. Representation in here
includes (1) formal parts that can be used for machine reasoning, and
(2) informal parts like natural language descriptions and multimedia
elements that help humans establish, maintain, and renew consensus
about the meaning of concepts. In our opinion, both aspects of
ontologies are equally important, and we watch the current dominance
of the formal aspects of ontologies in academic research with unease.
Our contributions address the following two main dimensions of using
ontologies for real application:
94

Maturing Semantic Web foundations, so that they become compatible
with the real world complexity and scale. This includes four main
branches of research:
Ontology Engineering
Methodologies for and prototypes of industry-strength business
ontologies, e.g. the gen/tax methodology for deriving ontologies from
existing hierarchical standards and taxonomies (UNSPSC, eCl@ss, ...)
and eClassOWL, the first serious attempt of building an ontology for e-
business applications; and in general advancing the state of the art in e-
business data and knowledge engineering, including metrics for content.
Community-driven Ontology Building
For quite a while, we have been trying to hand back control over the
evolution of ontologies to the user community, including semiautomated
approaches and OntoWiki, a Wiki-centric ontology building
environment.
In this segment also fall quantitative comparisons of community-centric
and engineering-based ontology building.
Economic Aspects of Ontology Building and Usage
Building ontologies consumes resources, and in an economic setting,
these resources are justified and will be spend (by rational economic
actors, at least) only if the effort needed to establish and keep alive a
consensual representation of a domain of discourse is outweighed by the
business gain, either in terms of cost, added value, or strategic
dimensions, e.g. process agility. This research branch is rather young
and underdeveloped, but an important piece of understanding and
fueling the use of ontologies in business applications.
Building actual ontologies for core challenges of Information Systems
in order to realize and evaluate the business benefit and to identify the
open research challenges. We currently focus on five specific
application domains:
Semantics-supported Business Process Management, i.e. the idea to
mechanize Business Process Management by using Semantic Web
techniques and especially Semantic Web Services. There is a first vision
paper and a Working Group being founded.
Semantic Web services, especially WSMO/WSML/WSMX, i.e. the use of
ontologies and related technology for the automation of Web services
discovery, composition, execution, and monitoring.
95

Electronic Markets and Electronic Procurement, including a reference
framework for ontology-supported electronic procurement and an
analysis of the true complexity of business matchmaking.
eTourism, e.g. the automation of the discovery and booking of tourism
offerings.
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
Financial reporting, e.g. the automated mediation between financial
2data (e.g. XBRL data) so that balance sheets and other documents
from multiple sources can be integrated on the fly.
http://ontologies.deri.org
Martin Hepp
SEBIS
Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Junior Researchers:
-
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Daniel Bachlechner
Yihong Ding
Bernhard Leschinger
A major bottleneck towards business applications of Semantic Web
technology and machine reasoning is the lack of industry-strength
ontologies that go beyond academic prototypes. The design of such
ontologies from scratch in a textbook-style ontology engineering process
is in many cases unattractive, for it would require significant effort, and
because the resulting ontologies could not build on top of existing
community commitment. Also, real-world problems of data and systems
interoperability can only be overcome using Semantic Web technology
if ontologies exist that represent the very standards currently in use in
systems and databases. There exist at least four major categories of such
standards:
1. XML schema definitions for message exchange (BMEcat,
ebXML, RosettaNet, …)
2. Non-XML message format standards (UN/EDIFACT, X12,
SWIFT, VDA, SEDAS, EANCOM, CIF, OASIS UBL, …)
3. Taxonomies and thesauri (eCl@ss, UNSPSC, RosettaNet
technical dictionary, …)
4. Numbering schemes and other shallow vocabularies (EAN, UPC,
DUNS, ILN, ISO 639, …)
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These specifications, though mostly informal in nature, are likely the
most valuable asset on the way to real business ontologies that can help
solve real business interoperability problems, since they reflect some
degree of community consensus and contain, readily available, a wealth
of concept definitions. However, the transformation of such standards
into useful ontologies is not as straightforward as it appears, because of
the following reasons:
1. The specifications come in a variety of formats, e.g. XML, CSV,
Microsoft Access, PDF, or plain text, and mostly lack a formal
meta-model.
2. The specification and the documentation can be very
voluminous, rendering manual translation unfeasible.
3. The same standard can be used in different ways with
incompatible semantics in different contexts.
Future Steps
Publications
In our research work, we want to advance the state of the art in
collaborative ontology building and the mechanized and semi-automated
transformation of existing industrial standards into useful ontologies.
In the next time, we will develop generic methodologies and tools for
the reuse of existing standards and consensus for creating industrystrength
ontologies.
Journals
Martin Hepp: Products and Services Ontologies: A Methodology for
Deriving OWL Ontologies from Industrial Categorization Standards, nt'l
Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems (IJSWIS), Vol. 2, No.
1, pp. 72-99, January-March 2006.
Martin Hepp: Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services. Father and
Son or Indivisible Twins? IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.
85-88, March-April 2006. DOI:
http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MIC.2006.42
Conferences
Martin Hepp: The True Complexity of Product Representation in the
Semantic Web Accepted for the 14th European Conference on
Information System (ECIS 2006), June 12-14, 2006, Gothenburg,
Sweden.
Martin Hepp, Katharina Siorpaes, Daniel Bachlechner: Towards the
Semantic Web in E-Tourism: Can Annotation Do the Trick? Accepted
for the 14th European Conference on Information System (ECIS 2006),
June 12-14, 2006, Gothenburg, Sweden.
97

Martin Hepp, Jörg Leukel, and Volker Schmitz A Quantitative Analysis
of eCl@ss, UNSPSC, eOTD, and RNTD: Content, Coverage, and
Maintenance Proceedings of the IEEE ICEBE 2005, October 18-20,
Beijing, China, pp. 572-581.
Martin Hepp, Frank Leymann, John Domingue, Alexander Wahler, and
Dieter Fensel Semantic Business Process Management: A Vision
Towards Using Semantic Web Services for Business Process
Management Proceedings of the IEEE ICEBE 2005, October 18-20,
Beijing, China, pp. 535-540.
Martin Hepp: A Methodology for Deriving OWL Ontologies from
Products and Services Categorization Standards Proceedings of the 13th
European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS2005), May 26 -
May 28, 2005, Regensburg, Germany, pp. 1-12.
Martin Hepp, Jörg Leukel, and Volker Schmitz: Content Metrics for
Products and Services Categorization Standards Proceedings of the
IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-
Service (EEE-05), March 29 - April 1, 2005, Hong Kong, pp. 740-745.
Workshops
Martin Hepp Representing the Hierarchy of Industrial Taxonomies in
OWL: The gen/tax Approach Proceedings of the ISWC Workshop on
Semantic Web Case Studies and Best Practices for eBusiness
(SWCASE'05), November 7, Galway, Ireland, pp. 49-56.
Posters and Poster Proceedings
Martin Hepp: eClassOWL: A Fully-Fledged Products and Services
Ontology in OWL Poster Proceedings of the 4th International Semantic
Web Conference (ISWC2005), November 7-11, 2005, Galway, Ireland.
Software
releases
Martin Hepp, Daniel Bachlechner, and Katharina Siorpaes: OntoWiki:
Community-driven Ontology Engineering and Ontology Usage based on
Wikis Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Wikis
(WikiSym 2005), October 16-18, 2005, San Diego, California, USA
a. BPMO: Business Process Management Ontology and Formal
Semantics
b. SUPER Management Ontology on Business Processes
c. GoodRelations: An ontology for capturing the relationship
between goods and Web resources
98

4.3. Projects
Here we have the following projects:
• DIP
• EASAIER
• EastWeb
• EnIRaF
• etPlanner
• MUSING
• myOntology
• OnTourism
• SUPER Martin
4.3.1. DIP
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Data, Information and Process Integration with Semantic Web Services
DIP
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Martin Hepp
Ontologies, Developer tools, Discovery, Choreography, Mediation,
Grounding, Formal languages, Reasoning, Execution
http://dip.semanticweb.org/
Student Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Junior Researchers:
Jan Henke
Jacek Kopecky
Francois Scharffe
Michael Stollberg
Students:
-
Additional Contributors:
Senior Researchers:

Michal Zaremba.: Architecture tasks WP6, technology buddy
WP9
Junior Reserachers:
Jos de Bruijn: WP 1 tasks
Emilia Cimpian: Mediation WP 5
Thomas Haselwanter: has done orchestration engine
Adina Sirbu: Discovery component
Students:
-
Mission The mission is to develop a conceptual framework, reference
implementation, and use cases as proof-of-concept for Semantic Web
services.
person*mon Total 230.76 per month 6.5
ths budget
Duration 36 months 01/04 – 12/06
Major tasks • Develop WSML language and infrastructure
• Develop Ontology Management environment for WSML
• Develop core WSMX components: discovery, orchestration,
grounding
Deliverables (remaining deliverables)
UIBK leads
• D1.6 Reasoner Technology Scan and Recommendation (Livia)
• D1.7 WSML Semantics (Livia, Jos)
• D1.10 WSML DL Reasoner (Livia)
• D2.6v3 Ontology Mapping and Language Editor (Francois)
• D2.10 Ontology Management Book (Martin)
• D3.10 Goal Ontologies for Effective Resource Management (M.
Stollberg)
• D3.12 Semantic Web Services grounding specification (Jacek)
• D4.13 Aligning WSMO and WSMX with Existing Policy
Specifications (Jacek)
• D4.14 Discovery Module Prototype (Adina)
• D4.20 Orchestration engine prototype (Sami/T.Haselwanter)
• D7.9 RIF Working Group Contributions (Jos)
UIBK contributes
All contributions except for D2.4 and 2.8 are less or equal to 2 MMs!
• D1.9 WSML Flight Reasoner (Livia)
• D2.4v3 Versioning Tool (Jacek)
• D2.8v3 Editing and Browsing Tool (Jan)
• D2.9v3 Ontology Reporting Tool (Jan)
• D2.11 OMS Maintenance and Support (Jan)
• D5.8a First prototype of mediation and composition in real
100

world scenario; internal (Emilia)
• D5.8b Final prototype of mediation and composition in real
world scenario (Emilia)
• D6.11 Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information
Model (Michal)
• D6.14 Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information
Model (Michal)
• D9.11 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) v 1.0 (Michal)
• D9.12 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) v 2.0 (Michal)
• D9.14 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) Final Version
(Michal)
• D14.1d Fourth set of external WSMO Tutorials (M. Stollberg)
• D14.1e Fifth set of external WSMO Tutorials (M. Stollberg)
• D14.5b Industrial Workshop (M. Stollberg)
4.3.2. EASAIER
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Enabling Access to Sound Archives through Integration, Enrichment
and Retrieval
EASAIER
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Ying Ding
Ontologies, Application
http://www.easaier.org/
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Junior Researchers:
Francois Scharffe
Mission
Students:
Michael Luger
This project will enable enhanced access to sound archives by providing
multiple methods of retrieval, integration with other media archives,
content enrichment and enhanced access tools. It offers methods of
searching content based on audio features, musical features, or speech
content. EASAIER also supports cross-media retrieval, enabling access
to other media besides just audio. It implements recent advances in
machine learning, music and speech processing, and information
101

Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
retrieval. Furthermore, it addresses a growing demand for interactive
electronic materials.
Total: 29 per month: 1
Duration 30 months 05/06 – 10/08
Major tasks
Deliverables
a. WP2 Media Semantics and Ontologies
b. T 2.1 Ontology and semantics for media object
representation – Analysis of the requirements for the
representation of semantic aspects of sound objects and
related media. A principle component of this task will be
the alignment of the Ontology language
recommendations with the European effort of WSMO
c. T 2.2 Ontology management environment – This will
support a scalable infrastructure for ontology editing,
browsing, merging, aligning, and versioning.
D2.1 Report on metadata management infrastructure and ontology
language for media objects – (Month 24)
4.3.3. EastWeb
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Building an integrated leading Euro-Asian higher education and
research community in the field of the Semantic Web
EastWeb
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Ying Ding
Application
http://odle.dit.unitn.it/eastweb/indexphp?action=site&site=
EASTWEB
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Junior Researchers:
Alice Carpentier
Students:
-
102

Mission This project aims to build an integrated leading Euro-Asian high
education and research community in the field of the Semantic Web.
Direct target groups are graduate students, faculty staff and enterprises
management personnel. Indirect target groups are European and Asian
students, researchers and enterprises personnel at large.
person*mon Total 2 Per month 0
ths budget
Duration 36 months 03/06 – 02/09
Major tasks • Action leader (Summer school on Semantic Web (SSSW), Asian
Semantic Web Conference (ASWC), Eastweb Research events)
• Coordinator for DL-KM distance education and KM platform
activity
Deliverables None
4.3.4. EnIRaf
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Enhanced Information Retrieval and Filtering for Analytical Systems
enIRaF
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Ying Ding
Application
http://eniraf.mis.ae.poznan.pl/
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Junior Researchers:
Alice Carpentier
Students:
-
Mission This project aims at the improvement of the IRaF system in order to
better satisfy user needs by providing training in the following areas:
formal models of ontologies, software and tools for ontologies,
Semantic Web and Web Services, human language technology, decision
making. Scientific quality of the training is assured by a co-operation
with leading research centers from Austria, Germany, The Netherlands,
Norway, and UK.
person*mon Total 0 per month 0
103

ths budget
Duration 48 months 10/04 -09/08
Major tasks none
Deliverables none
4.3.5. etPlanner
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
etPlanner Semantische Suche
etPlanner
ECCA
SEBIS
Martin Hepp
Ontologies, Application
http://www.etourismaustria.at/portal/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1
Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Junior Researchers:
-
Students:
Daniel Bachlechner
Tourism-related businesses need fast, wide-reaching announcement
facilities to advertise their products. etPlanner is a mobile system for
planning customized tourism experience. Using mobile devices (e.g.
PDA, mobile phones) consumers get their visit planned in an intelligent
way and will be supported throughout their whole journey.
Total: 45 Per month: 1.25
Duration 36 months 04/05 – 3/08
Major tasks
Deliverables
In the 2. Project-year a fully funktionable etPlanner-Framework will be
developed on basis of the existing prototype. The architecture of the
etPlanner Frameworks will be widened, especially concerning a flexible
integration of touristy performances and functionalities as well as the
connection to other systems.
104

4.3.6. MUSING
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Multi-Industry, Semantic-based Next Generation Business Intelligence
MUSING
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Martin Hepp
Ontologies, Application
n/a
Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Junior Researchers:
Jan Henke
Mission
Students:
Yihong Ding
Bernhard Leschinger
2 Master students
MUSING aims at developing a new generation of Business Intelligence
(BI) tools and modules based on semantic-based knowledge and content
systems. MUSING will integrate Semantic Web and Human Language
technologies and combine declarative rule-based methods and statistical
approaches for enhancing the technological foundations of knowledge
acquisition and reasoning in BI applications. The breakthrough impact
of MUSING on semantic-based BI, and its paradigm of multi-industry
potentiality will be measured as the result of user-driven RTD
developments in three vertical domains:
– Finance, through development and validation of next
generation (Basel II and beyond) semantic-based BI
solutions, with particular reference to Credit Risk
Management;
– Internationalisation, (i.e., the process that allows an
enterprise to evolve its business from a local to an
international dimension, hereby expressly focusing on
the information acquisition work concerning
international partnerships, contracts, investments)
through development and validation of next-generation
semantic-based internationalisation platforms;
– Operational Risk Management, through development and
105

Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
validation of semantic-driven knowledge systems for
measurement and mitigation tools, with particular
reference to operational risks faced by IT-intensive
organisations.
Total 82.65 Per month 2
Duration 48 months 04/06 – 03/10
Major tasks • 3.1 Ontologies development and management
• Propose Ontology languages, methodologies, and
propose/provide infrastructure
• 5.1 Methodologies and Tools paper (same as D18)
• WP 5 lead
• 6.4 Domain Ontology Financial Risk Management
• 7.4 Domain Ontology Internationalization
• 8.4. Domain Ontology IT Operational Risk
Deliverables • D18: Position paper on multi-industry methodologies and tools
(basically a journal paper; due M12 – April 2007)
• D30: Solution simulations (experiments of ontology-supported
Business Intelligence; due M18 – August 2007)
4.3.7. myOntology
Name myOntology: Open Ontology Environment for Semantic Web-based E-
Commerce
Acronym myOntology (was renamed from:Ontoword)
Funding line FIT-IT Semantic Systems 2006
Cluster SEBIS
Leader Martin Hepp
Objective Ontologies, Applications
Website http://www.myontology.org (not yet up, but domain already booked)
Team Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Junior Researchers:
Katharina Siorpaes, Francois Scharffe, NN
Students:
Michael Luger
Mission Building a framework and prototype for Semantic-Web-based E-
Commerce and collaborative Ontology Engineering based on Wiki
106

Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Technology.
85 MM / 24 months = 3.54
MM/months
Duration 10/2006 – 9/2008
Major tasks • Building a Wiki-based Ontology Platform
• Conceptual Framework for E-Commerce
Deliverables • D1.1 State-of-the-art in Ontology Engineering, Instance Data
and Mapping Creation
• and Management – Month 4
• D1.2 Definition of Processes in community-driven ontology,
instance data and mapping
• creation and management – Month 6
• D1.3 Definition of Roles in community-driven ontology,
instance data and mapping
• creation and management – Month 6
• D1.4 Definition of Processes in community-driven ontology,
instance data and mapping
• creation and management, revised version – Month 20
• D1.5 Definition of Roles in community-driven ontology,
instance data and mapping
• creation and management – Month 20
• D2.1 Specification of a Wiki language for collaborative
ontology, instance data and
• mapping creation and management – Month 10
• D2.2 Design of graphical UI elements for collaborative
ontology, instance data and
• mapping creation and management – Month 16
• D2.3 System architecture for a platform for collaborative
ontology, instance data and
• mapping creation and management – Month 12
• D2.4 Implementation of a test platform for collaborative
ontology, instance data and
• mapping creation and management – Month 24
• D3.1 Requirements and State-of-the-art Document for a
Scalable Ontology, Instance
• Data and Mapping Management Infrastructure – Month 6
• D3.2 Abstract Specification of a Scalable Ontology, Instance
Data and Mapping
• Management System – Month 12
• D3.3 Prototype Implementation of a Scalable Ontology,
Instance Data and Mapping
• Management System – Month 24
• D4.1 A limited number of product and service ontologies –
107

Month 24
• D4.2 Supplier Ontology – Month 16
• D4.3 Offer Ontology – Month 16
• D4.4 Running Version of semantic web enhanced directory
service WKO.at – Month 14
• D4.5 Ontology retrieval functionality – Month 16
• D4.6 Ontology matching functionality – Month 20
• D4.7 IAC Workflow description – Month 15
• D4.8 IAC adaptations – Month 20
• D4.9 IAC Ontology retrieval & matching functionality – Month
20
• D4.10 Instancing tool – Month 20
• D4.11Test results – Month 24
• D5.1 Ontology retrieval tool – Month 14
• D5.2 First integration approach System One – Month 16 (M12)
• D5.3 First integration approach Smart Information Systems –
Month 24 (M16)
• D5.4 Review and Results Report – Month 24 (M20)
• D6.1 Dissemination strategy and dissemination plan – Month 6
• D6.2 Report on and Evaluation of the dissemination strategy –
Month 24
• D6.3 Standardization plan – Month 6
• D6.4 Report on standardization activities and achieved results –
Month 24
• D 7.1 a – c Periodic Progress Reports (for every 6-monthsperiod,
until Month 18)
• D 7.2 Final Project Report – Month 24
4.3.8. OnTourism
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Ontology-based Online Tourism Offer Integration
OnTourism
FFG, BRIDGE
SEBIS
Martin Hepp
Application, Developer tools
n/a
Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
Ying Ding
Junior Researchers:
108

Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Michael Stollberg
Students:
Andreas Klotz
Today’s information management concepts and solutions for the
complex tasks of tourism intermediaries – such as regional agencies,
national travel organizations (NTOs), supra-national aggregators, and
commercial retailers – are still low-level from a semantic point of view.
Hence, information creation, maintenance and delivery being the
primary business process of tourism intermediaries faces heterogeneities
in various dimensions, requires manual coordination tasks, and suffers
from missing consensus on agreed concepts and technologies.
OnTourism is aimed at (1) applying, concretizing and evaluating
Semantic Web technologies such as ontologies, semantic annotation of
content and semantic search to this information-rich and economically
quite important domain, (2) identifying, developing and integrating
reference ontologies for the tourism industry, and (3) showing the proofof-concept
in a real-world scenario of the Austrian tourism industry.
Based on a semantic content management approach as well as mediator
and data extraction technologies developed in previous research projects
such as Harmonize and Harmo-TEN (www.harmo-ten.org), or utilizing
specialized data wrapping technologies such as liXto ®, OnTourism
seeks to explore and expand the potential of advanced semantic
technologies in a research domain of strong national interest, strength,
and tradition.
Total: 36 per month: 1,7
Duration 21 months 07/06 – 03/08
Major tasks
WP2: Ontology Management (lead by UIBK DERI)
This WP provides the ontology management (OM) methodology, tools
and infrastructure necessary for the project. The major efforts are
targeted to further development, customization and tuning of OM
developed outside the project. OnTourism is aligned from this
perspective with the results of projects such as DIP and SEKT. In a
more general scope, it is based on the work done in the Ontology
Management Working Group (http://www.omwg.org, in terms of
engineering efforts) and the SDK cluster, in terms of the research and
methodological framework. Beside ontology management, this work
package will yield a set of domain ontologies for the tourism and travel
industry.
WP3: Semantic Content Management Processes (lead by UIBK DERI)
This WP is mainly concerned with the organization of all content
management processes of tourism intermediaries. The basic idea is that
the content will be integrated in a semantic, ontology-based registry,
109

thus the entire content organization will be founded on ontologies and
Semantic Web Services technology as provided by WP 2.
Deliverables From the list below, UIBK is responsible only for deliverables in WP 2,
3, and 6:
Staffing cannot be assigned at this point in time, since there is none. We
will be recruiting one senior and one junior researcher for this project.
D1.1 Use Case Design 1 R
D1.2 Use Case Evaluation Framework 1 R
D1.3 Use Case Evaluation Report 1 R
D2.1 Ontology Management Requirements 2 R
D2.2 Ontology Management Model 2 R
D2.3 Tourism Ontologies Draft Version 2 R
D2.4 Tourism Ontologies Final Version 2 R
D3.1 State-of-the-Art and Requirements Analysis 3 R
D3.2 Content Management Design 3 R
D3.3 Content Management Implementation 3 P
D4.1 State-of-the-Art and Requirements Analysis 4 R
D4.2 Content Classification and Annotation Design 4 R
D4.3 Content Classification and Annotation Implementation 4 P
D5.1 Tourism Meta Portal Design 5 R
D5.2 Tourism Meta Portal Prototype 5 P
D5.3 Tourism Meta Portal Evaluation Report 5 R
D6.1 First Project Report 6 R
D6.2 Second Project Report 6 R
D6.3 Final Project Report 6 R
4.3.9. SUPER Martin
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Semantics utilized for Process Management within and between
Enterprises
SUPER-Martin
IST-FP6
SEBIS
Martin Hepp
Ontologies, Choreography, Formal languages
http://super.semanticweb.org/
Senior Researchers:
Martin Hepp
110

Junior Researchers:
Dumitru Roman
Students:
-
Mission Conceptual framework, reference implementation, and use case proofof-concept
for Business Process Management based on Semantic Web
Services
Budget (in Total: 70 mm Per month: 2
terms of
m*m)
Duration 36 months 04/06 – 03/09
Major tasks • WP1 SBPM Ontology (SEBIS cluster leads)
• WP2 SBPM life Cycle (SEBIS cluster as a contributor)
• WP8 Telecoms Framework (SEBIS cluster as a contributor)
• WP10 Exploitation (SEBIS cluster as a contributor)
• WP12 Dissemination (SEBIS and SEE contribute)
Deliverables IBK Business Layer lead:
• D1.1 Process Modeling Ontology and Mapping to WSMO
(SEBIS cluster)
• D11.2 SBPM community building activities (SEBIS cluster)
UIBK Business Layer contributions:
• Several deliverables in WP 2, 10, 12
Staffing not completed – 1 new senior + 1-2 master students for
modeling tasks needed. Martin has 25% and leads WP1.
111

4.4. Staff
Here we discuss student, junior, and senior researchers of the SEBIS cluster.
4.4.1. Student Researchers
Student Researchers
Nr Name Supervisor
1 Daniel Bachlechner Martin Hepp
4 Bernhard Leschinger Martin Hepp
5 Michael Luger Ying Ding
7 Kathrin Prantner
4.4.2. Junior Researchers
Junior Researchers
No Name Objective Cluster
3 Tobias Bürger SEBIS
8 Jan Henke SEBIS
18 Dumitru Roman Choreography SEBIS
19 Francois Scharffe Mediation SEBIS
22 Katharina Siorpaes SEBIS
24 Michael Stollberg SEBIS

4.4.2.1. Tobias Bürger
Name
Tobias Bürger
Entry date February 2006
Cluster SEBIS
Objective
Projects 1) GRISINO, Task T1.1 (Re-assessment of State of the Art: Grid;
SWS; KCOs), Deliverable D1.1 (State of the Art in SWS, GRID
and “Intelligent” Objects – Can they meet?)
2) SALERO, Task WP3.1 (Ontologies to describe Low-level-,
Semantic features and Context of use for Multimedia Objects),
Deliverable D3.1.1 (Representation techniques for multimedia
objects)
Research topic My current research mainly deals with the notion of “intelligent
content”, which is content that is self-describing, adaptive to context
and user needs. The two projects I work on approach the problem of
modelling content in this way from two different views:
1) GRISINO, deals with KCOs that were developed in the recently
finished EU project METOKIS 1 and their relation to Semantic
Web Services (SWS). KCOs are a model for knowledge
enhanced multimedia content objects and are based on the
DOLCE 2 foundational ontology. They have so-called semantic
facets that are modular interfaces to describe the properties of
KCOs, including the 'raw' content object or media, metadata and
knowledge specific to the content object and knowledge about
the topics of the content (its meaning). My current research for
that tries to find answers on the question how to make KCOs
compatible with SWS in order to have context sensitive SWS that
can understand KCOs, for example to base composition or
selection of services on the state of these objects. Vica versa it
should be able to re-contextualize KCOs by SWS (if necessary)
in order to use them in foreign environments.
2) In SALERO our aim is to develop an intelligent content model for
multimedia content and also to establish a formal or de facto
standard for intelligent content. The semantically aware content
objects should amongst others be able to self-adapt to the context

of the media production workflow and be the enabler for a
facilitated indexing, adaptation and most importantly re-use of
media resources. Therefore we currently investigate the
requirements for these objects and investigate especially how
multimedia standards can be combined with user- or domainmodels.
For that task, a deep understanding of the relation of
multimedia models (e.g. MPEG-7, MPEG-21) with upper level
ontologies (i.e. domain ontologies) has to be developed. For
high-level semantic features of the multimedia data we have to
investigate which ontology language is appropriate for the
requirements of the project. Here we will evaluate if WSML or
OWL-Flight can be used. Important at this point is not only the
modelling of the multimedia content but also the description of
services, ie. how to deal with the content.
1
http://metokis.salzburgresearch.at
2
http://www.loa-cnr.it/DOLCE.html
Progress
towards PhD
Implementations
Publications
I started work on my PhD in November 2005, having in mind a
publishing framework that is centered around intelligent content
objects. Meanwhile I aligned my PhD to my project work at DERI.
However, at the moment the main focus is kept on semantically
modelling of (media-rich) content, I additionally want to analyze
how these models can be combined with semantically enabled
service oriented architectures in order to negotiate and expose the
content's functionality and to deal with it in a standardized way. This
should enable trading, sharing and re-using of content in a controlled
way. I currently observe if and how it is possible to conceptually map
task descriptions of intelligent content objects with goal/function
descriptions of Semantic Web Services. Therefore my next step will
be to analyze if it is possible to map concepts of DDPO (DOLCE
Descriptions&Situations Plan Ontologies) to WSMO goal
descriptions. The work done in the two projects SALERO and
GRISINO can serve as an integral part of my PhD work.
Additionally, I’m also part of another IST project that recently
started and where our (my) task is the design of an intelligent media
framework that is centered around so called intelligent media objects.
The work done in this project will also help me to further understand
the needs for semantically describing and handling of media rich
content.
Tobias Bürger: "An Intelligent Media Framework for Multimedia
Content" Accepted for the 1st International Workshop on Semantic
Web Annotations for Multimedia (SWAMM), May 22, 2006,
Edinburgh, Scotland.
Sebastian Schaffert, Diana Bischof, Tobias Bürger, Andreas Gruber,
114

Wolf Hilzensauer, and Sandra Schaffert: Learning with Semantic
Wikis. Salzburg Research Technical Report, March 2006.
Tobias Bürger, Georg Güntner: "SMART CONTENT FACTORY ?
SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE BASED INDEXING OF
AUDIOVISUAL ARCHIVES" in Proceedings of the 2nd European
Workshop on the Integration of Knowledge (EWIMT '05), Semantic
and Digital Media Technologies, 2005.
Tobias Bürger, Erich Gams, Georg Güntner: "Smart Content Factory
- Assisting Search for Digital Objects by Generic Linking Concepts
to Multimedia Content", in Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM
Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (HT '05), 2005.
Georg Güntner, Tobias Bürger, Erich Gams: "Smart Content -
Scenarios and Technologies for a Knowledge-based Audiovisual
Archive" in Proceedings of EChallenges 2005, 2005.
115

4.4.2.2. Jan Henke
Name
Jan Henke
Entry date May 2004
Cluster SEBIS
Objective A Usable Group Editor for Ontologies
Projects DIP, MUSING
Research topic Ontological Engineering, Groupware Engineering, Usability
Engineering
Progress Two thirds are missing
towards PhD
Implementations DOME (http://dome.sourceforge.net/)
Publications Jan Henke. The table metaphor: A representation of a class and its
instances. 2nd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2005),
Workshop on User Aspects of the Semantic Web, May 29 th -June 1 st ,
2005. Heraklion, Greece
Anna V. Zhdanova, Reto Krummenacher, Jan Henke, Dieter Fensel
Community-Driven Ontology Management: DERI Case Study
Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on
Web Intelligence
Jan Henke. Towards a Usable Group Editor for Ontologies. Full
paper at the Doctoral Consortium of the Fifth International Semantic
Web Conference (ISWC 2006) November 5-9, 2006. Athens,
Georgia, USA

4.4.2.4. Dumitru Roman
Name
Dumitru Roman
Entry date November 2003
Cluster SEBIS
Objective Choreography
Projects Project name: SWING (Semantic Web services Interoperability
Geospatial decision making)
Tasks: the main task in the project is to apply WSMO/L/X to the
Geospatial decision making research area; other tasks: delegated (by
Martin Hepp) Technical Coordinator of the project and WP7
Dissemination and Exploitation work package leader
Deliverables: (for the next 6-9 months; responsible or contributor;
note that at this time it is not clear how many PM will be associated to
each deliverable as this is decided at the kick-off meeting which is
currently taking place)
D2.1 Spatial Logic Operators (Month 9)
D6.1 Architecture and Component requirements (Month 6)
D7.1 Public Web Site (Month 6)
D7.5 Information dissemination plan (Month 6)
Research topic The research topic I am interested in is Semantic Web Services and
their application to service-oriented environments. More specifically,
in this context, I am interested in issues related to service process
modelling and analysis, workflows, and to some degree reasoning
about specifications of processes and workflows, as well as how such
languages and frameworks can be integrated/complemented with
widely adopted industrial standards in this area, like UN/EDIFACT or
RosettaNet. Specific focus include the applicability of formal
languages like Concurrent Transaction Logic (CTR) to more user
oriented languages like Yet Another Workflow Language (YAWL),
and integration with industrial standards in this area. To some extent
the research topic includes also mediation of processes and protocols
in Semantic Web Services.
Progress The topic for the thesis is more or less defined: the proposal is to
towards PhD extend expressive languages that implement workflow patterns (e.g.
YAWL) to support global constraints - as a need to provide a
powerful control-flow language complemented with support for
constraints modelling; a CTR-based semantics for such a language is

Implementatios
Publications
meant to be defined - as a mean to enable mechanized support for
analyzing specifications in such a language. CTR itself needs some
extensions, as well as some of its workflow scheduling techniques; in
parallel, a translation mechanism from the extended CTR
specifications to ASMs is meant to be provided – as a mean to enable
flexibility and automatic support for checking the consistency of
different level of abstractions in the design of service behavior
specification. The resulting model, language, and methodology are
meant to complement and integrate with the already existing
WSMO/L/X framework.
D. Roman, J. de Bruijn, A. Mocan, I. Toma, H. Lausen, J. Kopecky,
D. Fensel, J. Domingue, S. Galizia, and L. Cabral: Semantic Web
Services - Approaches and Perspectives. In J. Davies, P. Warren, and
R. Studer (eds.), Semantic Web Technologies. To appear.
J. Noll, D. Roman, and M. Pilarski: Roaming of Advanced Telecom
Services through Semantic Annotations. EEE International
Conference on Pervasive Services. 2006.
H. Lausen, A. Polleres, J. de Bruijn, M. Stollberg, D. Roman, and D.
Fensel: Enabling Semantic Web Services: The Web Service Modeling
Ontology. Springer-Verlag Publishing House. To appear.
D. Roman: Semantic Web Services: Perspective and Approaches. In
Proceedings of the Workshop on The Next Generation Web
Technologies. Published by KISS. Dejon, South Korea, March, 2006.
M. L. Brodie, D. Fensel, and D. Roman: Semantically Enabled
Service-Oriented Architectures (SESA). IEEE IT Professional. Under
submission, 2006.
J. Veijalainen and D. Roman: From EDI to SOA: An Inter-
Organizational Perspective. IEEE IT Professional. Under submission.
2006.
D. Roman, J. de Bruijn, A. Mocan, H. Lausen, C. Bussler, and D.
Fensel: WWW: WSMO, WSML, and WSMX in a nutshell. Under
submission. 2006.
P. Dini, P. Lorenz, M. Freire, and D. Roman. Proceedings of the
International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and
Services (ICIW'06). IEEE Computer Society Press. 2006.
118

D. Roman, I. Toma, and D. Fensel: Semantic Web Services - A
Technology for Service-Oriented Computing. In Encyclopedia of
Internet Technologies and Applications. Mário Freire and Manuela
Pereira (Editors). Idea Group Reference. To Appear.
I. Toma, D. Roman, and D. Fensel: Modelling Semantic Web
Services in ASG: The WSMO-based Approach. In Proceedings of
Semantic Content Engineering, Schriftenreihe Informatik, Band 17. S.
Reich, G. Güntner, T. Pellegrini, A. Wahler (Hg.). 2006.
D. Fensel, I. Toma, and D. Roman: Towards a Semantically Enabled
Service Oriented Architecture. In Proceedings of Semantic Content
Engineering, Schriftenreihe Informatik, Band 17. S. Reich, G.
Güntner, T. Pellegrini, A. Wahler (Hg.). 2006.
B. Sapkota, D. Roman, and D. Fensel: Distributed Web Service
Discovery Architecture. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services
(ICIW'06), IEEE Computer Society Press, Guadeloupe, French
Caribbean, February 23-25, 2006.
J. Kopecký, D. Roman, M. Moran, and D. Fensel: Semantic Web
Services Grounding. In Proceedings of the International Conference
on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW'06), IEEE
Computer Society Press, Guadeloupe, French Caribbean, February,
23-25, 2006.
M. Stollberg; D. Roman, A. Duke, and C. Bussler. Proceedings of the
First International Workshop on Web Service Choreography and
Orchestration for Business Process Management. In A. Haller and C.
Bussler (Eds.): Business Process Management Workshops BPM 2005
International Workshops, BPI, BPD, ENEI, BPRM, WSCOBPM,
BPS, Nancy, France, September 5, 2005. Revised Selected Papers.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3812, Springer, Berlin
Heidelberg, 2006.
J. Domingue, D. Fensel, and D. Roman. Semantic Web Services with
the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). In T. Payne (edt.),
AgentLink News, Issue 19, pages 7 – 9, ISSN 1465-3842, November
2005.
I. Toma, D. Roman, K.Iqbal, J. Hofer, D. Fensel, and S. Decker.
Towards Semantic Web Services in Grid Environment. In
proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Semantics,
Knowledge and Grid (SKG2005), Beijing, China, Nov 27, 2005.
119

M. Burstein, C. Bussler, M. Pistore, and D. Roman. Proceedings of
the Workshop on WWW Service Composition with Semantic Web
Services 2005 (wscomps05). Published by the University of
Technology of Compiegne, Compiegner, France, September 19,
2005. ISBN 2-913923-18-6.
I. Toma, D. Roman, K. Iqbal. ASG - Adaptive Services Grid. Poster
at the 4th International Semantic Web Conference 2005 (ISWC 2005).
Galway, Ireland, 6-10 Nov, 2005.
M. Stollberg, C. Feier, D. Roman, and D. Fensel. Semantic Web
Services - Concepts and Technology. Book Chapter. To appear in
Text, Speech and Language Technology series of Kluwer.
B. Sapkota, L. Vasiliu, I. Toma, D. Roman, C. Bussler. Peer-to-Peer
Technology Usage in Web Service Discovery and Matchmaking. In
proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Web Information
Systems Engineering 2005 (WISE 2005), New York City, New York,
Nov 20-22 2005.
I. Toma, K. Iqbal, M. Moran, D. Roman, T. Strang, and D. Fensel. An
Evaluation of Discovery approaches in Grid and Web services
Environments. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Grid Services Engineering and Management, Erfurt, Germany,
September 2005.
I. Toma, B. Sapkota, J. Scicluna, J. Gomez, D. Roman and D. Fensel.
A P2P Discovery mechanism for Web Service Execution
Environment. Proc. of 2nd WSMO Implementation Workshop
WIW'2005, Innsbruck, Austria, June 6-7, 2005, CEUR Workshop
Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073, online CEUR-WS.org/Vol-
134/lenzerini.ps.
J. Domingue, D. Roman, and M. Stollberg. Web Service Modeling
Ontology (WSMO) - An Ontology for Semantic Web Services.
Position paper at the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for
Semantics in Web Services, June 9-10, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
Accessible online at
http://www.w3.org/2005/04/FSWS/Submissions/1/wsmo_position_pa
per.html
C. Feier, D. Roman, A. Polleres, J. Domingue, M. Stollberg, and D.
Fensel. Towards Intelligent Web Services: The Web Service
Modeling Ontology (WSMO). International Conference on Intelligent
Computing (ICIC’05), Hefei, China.
120

D. Roman, U. Keller, H. Lausen, J. de Brujin, R. Lara, M. Stollberg,
A. Polleres, C. Bussler, and D. Fensel. Web Service Modeling
Ontology. Applied Ontology 1(1), 2005.
Stollberg, M.; Roman, D.; Toma, I.; Keller, U.; Herzog, R.; Zugmann,
P.; Fensel, D.: Semantic Web Fred - Automated Goal Resolution on
the Semantic Web. Accepted for the 38th Hawaii International
Conference on System Science, January 2005.
Rubén Lara, Dumitru Roman, Axel Polleres, Dieter Fensel: A
Conceptual Comparison of WSMO and OWL-S. European
Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2004), Erfurt, Germany,
September 27-30, 2004, pages 254-269.
Stollberg, M.; Roman, D.; Gomez, J. M.: A Mediated Approach
towards Web Service Choreography. In Proceedings of the workshop
"Semantic Web Services: Preparing to Meet the World of Business
Applications" held at the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference,
Hiroshima, November 2004.
A. Netin, D. Roman, O. Cret. FPGA-based Hardware/Software Co-
Design of an Expert System Shell Based on Belief Revision Concepts.
In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Field
Programmable Logic and Applications, Lisbon, Portugal, Springer-
Verlag Publishing House, pages 1067 - 1071, September 1-3, 2003.
A. Netin, D. Roman, O. Cret. Hardware / software codesign of an
expert system. Aurel Netin, Dumitru Roman, Octavian Cret. In
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Control, Systems
And Computer Science – CSCS-14, vol. 2, Bucharest, Romania,
pages 180 – 186, July 2-5, 2003.
121

4.4.2.5. Francois Scharffe
Name
Francois Scharffe
Entry date September 2004
Cluster SEBIS
Objective Mediation
Projects , ,
Research topic Keywords: Ontology Mapping, alignment and matching, data
mediation, mapping language, mapping algorithms Ontology
mediation is the discipline aiming at reconciling heterogeneous data
description to enable communication between applications having a
semantic description. The practical realization of ontology mediation
require different technologies, from the representation of the
correspondences between the ontological entities to the development
of user tools. I concentrate my thesis on a back-end ontology
mediation system, taking especially care of representing the ontology
mappings (via the abstract mapping language) and discovering them
(via a set of linguistic and graph based algorithm). An important
contribution of this work is to give a representation of the mappings
independent from the representation language, giving a common
platform for research in mapping discovery that can be integrated in
different applications (Semantic knowledge management and
Semantic web services).
Progress Ontology Mediation Management
towards PhD Abstract: This document presents the structure of my PhD as far as
now (end of March 2006). For each chapter a figure indicates the
percentage of realization until now. For the relevant chapters, the
project(s) in which the work is done is mentioned. I don't have any
precise deadline but expect a first draft together with the relative
implementation at the end of the year.
1 Introduction (0)
2 State of The Art (50)
-Mapping Representation
-COWL
-Alignment Format
122

-SKOS
-Mapping Discovery
-CMS
-Cupid
-OLA
-S-Match
-FOAM
3 Ontology Mapping Representation / Abstract Mapping Language
(SEKT) (80)
-Motivation
-Ontology language independence
-Mapping Concept hierarchy
-Subset of first-order logic
-More expressive
-Complex Mappings
-Conditional Mappings
-Instance Transformation
-Human readable
-Syntax
-Surface syntax
-RDF/XML syntax
-Semantics
-OWL Grounding
-WSML Grounding
-First-order Reference Semantics
4 Ontology Mapping Discovery (SEKT) (40)
-Linguistic Techniques
-Graph Based Techniques
-Combination of Different Techniques
-Notion of Measure and Threshold
-Combination Parameters
5 Ontology Mapping API (SEKT, DIP, TSC) (50)
-General Architecture
-Modules
-Object Model
-Parser Module
-Abstract Syntax Parser
-XML Parser
-Export Module
-WSML/ WSMO Mediator
-OWL/ OWL+SWRL
-RDF Schema
-Mapping Language Syntaxes
123

-Adapters
-WSMO4j
-OWL API
-Mapping Discovery Module
6 Two scenarios (30)
-Digital Library (SEKT Project)
-General Description
-Mediation Technology
-WSMO Mediators (Dip Project)
-General Description
-Data Mediation Framework in WSMX
7 Conclusion (0)
Implementations Ontology Mapping API
Programmative support for the mapping language and mapping
automation (in-progress). Used as the basis for different graphical
ontology mapping tools (Ontomap from Ontoprise (SEKT), Unicorn
Ontology Mapping Editor (DIP), WSMX data mediation tool). The
API and the language are now developed in cooperation with INRIA
(Jerome Euzenat).
Publications
Future directions are on the automation of mapping.
Conference papers:
Francois Scharffe: Instance Transformation for Semantic Data
Mediation. the 2006 International Conference on Semantic Web and
Web Services Conference (SWWS'06), June 2006, Las Vegas, USA.
Ying Ding and Francois Scharffe and Andreas Harth and Aidan
Hogan: AuthorRank: Ranking Improvement for the Web. The 2006
International Conference on Semantic Web and Web Services
(SWWS'06), June 2006, Las Vegas, USA.
Francois Scharffe, Jos de Bruijn: A Language to specify Mappings
between Ontologies, IEEE Conference on Internet-Based Systems
SITIS, December 2005, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Articles in books:
Jos de Bruijn, Marc Ehrig, Cristina Feier, Francisco Martín-
Recuerda, François Scharffe, and Moritz Weiten. Ontology
mediation, merging and aligning. In Semantic Web Technologies.
Wiley, UK, 2006.
124

4.4.2.6. Katharina Siorpaes
Name
Katharina Siorpaes
Entry date March 2004
Cluster SEBIS
Objective
Finding real business scenarios where the usability and potential of
SW technology can be demonstrated.
Projects • Musing
• MyOntology
Research topic
Progress
towards PhD
• Probably OnTourism
Applying SW technology in different areas, such as tourism, various
business areas, and the legal domain. The usability of SW
applications, such as ontology editors, must be increased in order to
enable non-computer scientists to use these tools.
I have completed my Master degree in computer science in August
2006 with my thesis “Semantic Web and e-Tourism: Investigating
opportunities and downfalls of applying Semantic Web technology in
e-tourism”. I have just started defining a topic for my PhD.
Implementations OnTour-I, OnTour-II, OntoWiki
Publications • Martin Hepp, Katharina Siorpaes, and Daniel Bachlechner:
Towards the Semantic Web in E-Tourism: Can Annotation
Do the Trick, June 2006.
• Martin Hepp, Katharina Siorpaes, and Daniel Bachlechner:
Towards the Semantic Web in e-Tourism: Lack of Semantics
or Lack of Content?, June 2006.
• Martin Hepp, Daniel Bachlechner, and Katharina Siorpaes:
Harvesting Wiki Consensus - Using Wikipedia Entries as
Ontology Elements, June 2006.
• Daniel Bachlechner, Katharina Siorpaes, Holger Lausen,
Dieter Fensel: Web Service Discovery - A Reality Check,
June 2006.
• Martin Hepp, Daniel Bachlechner, and Katharina Siorpaes:
OntoWiki: Community-driven Ontology Engineering and
Ontology Usage based on Wikis, October 2005.

4.4.2.7. Michael Stollberg
Name
Michael Stollberg
Entry Date May 2003
Cluster
SEBIS
Objective Semantic Goal Caching
Projects
Project name: DIP
Tasks: WP 2 manager, researcher (i.e. working on deliverables /
work packages), project management assistance for Martin Hepp
Deliverables: (for 2006)
D3.10 Goal Description Ontology June 06 lead
D3.8 (Chor & Orch version II + III) June / Dec 06 part
D2.10 Ontology Management Book Dec 2006 part
D2.12 WP 2 Final Report Dec 2006 lead
D14.2 Tutorials & Dissemination ongoing part
D15.2 Project Management ongoing part
Research topic
My research (= PhD) topic is Semantic Goal Caching, short SGC.
The idea is to capture discovery results for already solved goals and
utilize this knowledge for omitting or reducing the number of
matchmaking operations for detecting usable Web services for new,
semantically similar goals. This allows achieving significant
scalability increases of Web service detection, in dependence of the
scenario setting.
In consequence, the central research questions (= central aspects of
my PhD work) are:
1. Goals and Semantic Matchmaking: definition, usage, and
semantic description of goals as formalized client requests;
and the central operation for Web service detection
(discovery and composition) on basis of formal semantic
descriptions of goals and Web services
2. Caching Mechanism for Goals: specification & prototype
implementation for the SGC technique
3. Usability Evaluation: exhaustive examination of application
scenarios of Web services / service-oriented computing &
evaluation of the usability of Semantic Goal Caching with
respect to the achievable efficiency increase.

Progress towards
PhD
Naturally, my work is aligned with the WSMO framework
(description model for Goals & Web services, semantic
matchmaking as elaborated in WSMO). However, I intend to specify
my technical approach in a language-independent manner so that it
is also applicable for other Semantic Web Service frameworks.
Regarding the contributions & expected applicability of the work, I
will present a not before existing technique that overcomes one of
the central bottlenecks of Semantic Web and Web services
technology: scalability for the Web. This is critical for the success of
semantic technologies, especially with respect to industrial
applicability. Furthermore, the third part (usability evaluation) is
intended to provide insights into the problems arising for real-world
applicability of Web service / SOA and semantic technology. This
co-aligns with the research aims of the SEBIS cluster.
I have presented the initial ideas in some publications (see below,
not all are related to the PhD work). A detailed plan for the PhD
thesis has been submitted to the SEBIS cluster. There is also a
working draft of my PhD. [available on request]
Currently, I am working on the detailed specification of the SGC
technology. I have completed the major parts of the first aspect
(goals), and currently work on a couple of technical reports that
elaborate the technical / formal details of the SGC technology. As
soon as these will be completed, I will use them as a basis for
publications (as well as completion of the PhD thesis itself).
As potential reviewers, I have gotten positive acceptance from the
following people: David Martin (SRI), John Domingue (KMI),
Laurent Henocque (ILOG / University of Marseille).
Implementations
Publications
It is to remark that I had to change my PhD topic in 2005 (due to
bankruptcy of Net Dynamics as the project partner).
- - (merely applier / tester / reviewer, resp. project manager)
Cimpian, E.; Mocan, A.; Stollberg, M.: Mediation Enabled
SemanticWeb Services Usage. Accepted for 1st Asian Semantic
Web Conference (ASWC 2006), Beijing, China
Keller, U.; Lausen, H. and Stollberg, M.: On the Semantics of
Functional Descriptions of Web Services. In Proc. of the 3rd
European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2006), Budva,
Montenegro.
Stollberg, M.; Roman, D.; Duke, A. and Bussler, C.: Proceedings of
the First International Workshop on Web Service Choreography and
Orchestration for Business Process Management. In A. Haller and
C. Bussler (Eds.): Business Process Management Workshops BPM
2005 International Workshops, BPI, BPD, ENEI, BPRM,
127

WSCOBPM, BPS, Nancy, France, September 5, 2005. Revised
Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3812,
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. Online at:
http://www.springeronline.com/3-540-32595-6
Stollberg, M.; Cimpian, E.; Mocan, A. and Fensel, D.: A Semantic
Web Mediation Architecture. In Proc. of the Canadian Semantic
Web Symposium (CSWWS 2006), Quebec, Canada.
Lausen, H.; Ding, Y.; Stollberg, M.; Fensel, D.; Lara, R.; Han, S.-
K.: Semantic Web Portals: State-of-the-Art Survey. In Journal of
Knowledge Management 9(5), Special Issue on Semantic
Knowledge Management, pp. 40 - 49, 2005.
Stollberg, M.; Cimpian, E.; Fensel, D.: Mediating Capabilities with
Delta-Relations. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop
on Mediation in Semantic Web Services, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands, December 2005; EUR Workshop Proceedings Vol 168.
Stollberg, M.; Strang, T.; Fensel, D.: Automated Collaboration on
the Semantic Web. In GESTS International Transactions on
Computer Science and Engineering 17(1), 2005.
Stollberg, M. and Strang, T.: Integrating Agents, Ontologies, and
Semantic Web Services for Collaboration on the Semantic Web. In
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Agents and the
Semantic Web, 2005 AAAI Fall Symposium Series Arlington,
Virginia, USA, 4th - 6th November, 2005.
D. Roman, U. Keller, H. Lausen, J. de Brujin, R. Lara, M. Stollberg,
A. Polleres, C. Feier, C. Bussler, and D. Fensel: Web Service
Modeling Ontology. In Applied Ontology 1(1), October 2005.
Bussler, C.; Duke, A.; Roman, D.; Stollberg, M.: Proceedings of the
First International Workshop on Web Service Choreography and
Orchestration for Business Process Management. In conjunction
with the Third International Conference on Business Process
Management (BPM 2005), Nancy, France, September 2005.
Stollberg, M., Feier, C.; Roman, D., Fensel, D.: Semantic Web
Services - Concepts and Technology. In N. Ide, D. Cristea, D Tufis
(eds.): Language Technology, Ontologies, and the Semantic Web.
Kluwer Publishers, 2006 (to appear).
Stollberg, M.: Automated Collaboration on the Semantic Web. In
Doctoral Symposium at the Fifth International Conference on Web
128

Engineering (ICWE 2005), Sydney, Australia, July 2005.
Stollberg, M.: Reasoning Tasks and Mediation on Choreography
and Orchestration in WSMO. In Proceedings of the 2nd
International WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW 2005),
Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005, EUR Workshop Proceedings Vol.
134.
Feier, C.; Roman, D.; Polleres, A.; Domingue, J.; Stollberg, M. and
Fensel, D.: Towards Intelligent web Services: Web Service
Modeling Ontology (WSMO). In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) 2005, Hefei, China,
August 23-26, 2005.
Domingue, J. B.; Roman, T.; Stollberg, M. (Eds.): Web Service
Modeling Ontology (WSMO) - An Ontology for Semantic Web
Services. Position paper at the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for
Semantics in Web Services, June 9-10, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
Stollberg, M.; Keller, U.; Fensel, D.: Partner and Service Discovery
for Collaboration Establishment with Semantic Web Services. In
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Web Services,
Orlando, Florida, July 2005.
Stollberg, M.; Roman, D.; Toma, I.; Keller, U.; Herzog, R.;
Zugmann, P.; Fensel, D.: Semantic Web Fred - Automated Goal
Resolution on the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii
International Conference on System Science, January 2005.
Stollberg, M.; Herzog, R.; Zugmann, P.: Semantic Web Fred. Poster
at the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference ISWC2004,
Hiroshima, Japan, November 2004.
Stollberg, M.; Keller, U.; Zugmann, P.; Herzog, R.: Semantic Web
Fred - Agent Cooperation on the Semantic Web, demonstration at
the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference, Hiroshima, Japan,
7 - 11 November 2004.
Stollberg, M.; Lausen, H.; Lara, R.; Ding, Y.; Sung-Kook, H.; Fensel. D:
Towards Semantic Web Portals. In C. Bussler, S. Decker, D. Schwabe, O.
Pastor (eds): Application Design, Development and Implementation Issues
in the Semantic Web 2004, Proceedings of the WWW2004 Workshop on
Application Design, Development and Implementation Issues in the
Semantic Web, New York, NY, USA, May 18, 2004. CEUR Workshop
Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073.
U. Keller, M. Stollberg, D. Fensel: WOOGLE meets Semantic Web
129

Fred. Proceedings of the Workshop on WSMO Implementations
(WIW 2004) Frankfurt, Germany, September 29-30, 2004. CEUR
Workshop Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073, online at CEUR-
WS.org/Vol-113/.
R. Lara, S. H. Han, H. Lausen, M. Stollberg, Y. Ding, and D.
Fensel: An Evaluation of Semantic Web Portals. In Proceedings of
the IADIS Applied Computing International Conference 2004,
Lisabon, Portugal, March 23-26, 2004.
S. Arroyo, Y. Ding. R. Lara, M. Stollberg, and D. Fensel: Semantic
Web Languages: Strenghts and Weakness, International Conference
in Applied Computing (IADIS04), Lisabon (Portugal), 23-26 March
2004.
Stollberg, M.; Roman, D.; Gomez, J. M.: A Mediated Approach
towards Web Service Choreography. In Proceedings of the
workshop on Semantic Web Services: Preparing to Meet the World
of Business Applications held at the 3rd International Semantic Web
Conference, Hiroshima, November 2004.
Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Michael
Stollberg, Sung-Kook Han (Ed.): Proceedings of the ECAI 2004
Workshop on Application of Semantic Web Technologies to Web
Communities, CEUR, ISSN 1613-0073, Vol-107, 2004.
available at: http://sunsite.informatik.rwthaachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-107/
Stollberg, M.; Zhdanova, A., V.; Fensel, D.: hTechSight: A Next
Generation Knowledge Management Platform. In Journal for
Information & Knowledge Management, Vol. 3, No.1 (March
2004), pp. 47-66.
Stollberg, M. and Rhomberg, F.: Survey on Goal-driven
Architectures. DERI Technical Report DERI-2006-06-04, June
2006.
Lausen, H.; Stollberg, M.; Lara, R.; Ding, Y.; Han, S.-K.; Fensel,
D.: Semantic Web Portals: State of the Art Survey, Technical Report
DERI-TR-2004-04-03, 2004.
Stollberg, M.; Lausen, H.; Arroyo, S., Smolle, P.; Herzog, R.;
Fensel, D.: Fred Whitepaper: An Agent Platform for the Semantic
Web, Technical Report DERI TR-2004-01-09, 2004.
130

4.4.3. Senior Researchers
Senior Researchers
No Name Topic
1 Dr. Ying Ding
2 Dr. Martin Hepp Ontologies
4.4.3.1. Ying Ding
Name
Ying Ding
Entry date February 2003
Cluster SEBIS
Objective WSMX Discovery box
Projects , ,
Research topic triple space computing, web ranking based on metadata, product
classification. Details are Semantic Google PeopleRank This work
adopts Google's PageRank idea to rank people based on web FOAF
data or vCard data. This methodology can be further extended to any
community portal such as Orkus, Linkedin and so on. Co-occurrence
clustering based on PeopleRank show the map of the social
networks.
SemanticPageRank
To improve Google's PageRank by assigning weights to different
links based on link ontology. Furthermore semantics of the links can
be obtained from the anchor text of the links. Context of the in-bound
and out-bound links also provides important information to improve
PageRank.
$ E-Commerce
GoldenBullet is the semi-automatic product description classification
system based on UNSPSC. It has been implemented and tested with
real industrial data. The key algorithm originates from information
retrieval and machine learning area.
$ Semantic Web
Ontology is the backbone of Semantic Web technology. How to
generate ontology semi-automatically and create on-site mapping and

versioning of various ontologies are critical and interesting research
areas.
Ontology generation
Research is focusing on how to use linguistic support to extract part
of domain or application ontology semi-automatically. Classes of
ontologies can be normalized as key noun phrases. Relation
extraction is considered as one of the bottlenecks of the ontology
generation.
Associated relationship among noun phrases is currently identified as
the way to extract relation among these phrases. Future research will
be focus on verb, adjective or preposition extraction as relations of
ontologies.
Progress
towards Habil
Ontology mediation
Ontology meditation is the key part for the whole ontology
management structure. Current solutions for ontology mediation still
stay at the stage of manually aligning and mapping ontologies with
some limited recommendation services. Research is focusing on to
identify patterns for ontology mediation. Patterns should be stored in
mediation libraries allowing for flexible and easy access and reuse.
Ontology mediation library should be set up to manage various
mediation patterns. Patterns with some similarity will be clustered
together (called patterns cluster) to facilitate the reuse. Personalized
view on one mediation pattern can be tailored according to the
requirement of specific task or application.
Habil title: Semantic Web: from concept to application
Abstract: This habilitation thesis aims to explore the evolution of the
Semantic Web since the author has been involved in the very earlier
stage of the field and witnessed and experienced these interesting
historical changes. It focuses on the basic research to prove Semantic
Web as pragmatic solutions for the current Web and also takes some
applications as proof of concept to show the real life value of the
deployment of the Semantic Web technologies. The whole content of
the thesis will be follows. Section 2 mainly discusses the theoretical
part of the Semantic Web, which includes ontology, ontology
learning, ontology mapping, and ontology versioning.
Section 3 illustrates the real-life applications, such as ontology
libraries, eCommerce, Knowledge Management, Semantic Web
portal, and Semantic Web Services. Section 4 is about the general
discussion of the Semantic Web, pros and cons, and future.
Progress: I have discussed this with Prof. Gerti Kappel from
Technical University of Wien. But the requirement of this university
is hard to fulfill because I need to have one single authored journal
paper on the different area. I would like to recommend changing to
another university to see the possibilities.
132

Implementations My Habilitation thesis is already more than 200 pages based on the
works I have done after my PhD. Also I am organizing conferences
and workshops and give teachings in order to improve my profile.
Publications Ying Ding, Francois Scharffe, Andreas Harth and Adrian Hogan
(2006): AuthorRank: Ranking Improvement for the Web. The 2006
International Conference on Semantic Web and Web Services
(SWWS06), June 26-29, 2006, Las Vegas, USA.
Reto Krummenacher, Francisco Martin-Recuerda, Martin Murth,
Johannes Riemer, Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel (2006): Triple Space
Computing: New communication paradigm for web services. Poster
at the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference 2006, June 11-14,
2006, Budva, Montenegro.
Holger Lausen, Ying Ding, Michael Stollberg, Dieter Fensel, Ruben
Lara and Sung-Kook Han (2005): Semantic Web Portals – State of
the Art Survey. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(5), 40-49.
Ying Ding and Dieter Fensel (2005). Semantic Web powered portal
infrastructure. The 9th International Symposium on Social
Communication, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, Jan 24-28, 2005.
Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Michael
Stollberg, Sung-Kook Han (ed.): Proceedings of the ECAI 2004
Workshop on Application of Semantic Web Technologies to Web
Communities, CEUR, ISSN 1613-0073, Vol-107, 2004
Stollberg, M.; Lausen, H.; Lara, R.; Ding, Y.; Sung-Kook, H.;
Fensel. D (2004): Towards Semantic Web Portals. In C. Bussler, S.
Decker, D. Schwabe, O. Pastor (eds): Application Design,
Development and Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web 2004,
Proceedings of the WWW2004 Workshop on Application Design,
Development and Implementation Issues in the Semantic Web, New
York, NY, USA, May 18, 2004. CEUR Workshop Proceedings,
ISSN 1613-0073.
S. Arroyo, Y. Ding, M. Stollberg and D. Fensel (2004): Semantic
Web Languages. Strengths and Weakness. International Conference
in Applied computing (IADIS04), Lisbon (Portugal), 23-26 March
2004.
R. Lara, S. Han, H. Lausen, M. Stollberg, Y. Ding, D. Fensel (2004).
An Evaluation of Semantic Web Portals. In Proceedings of the
IADIS Applied Computing International Conference 2004, Lisbon,
Portugal, March 23-26, 2004.
133

S. Arroyo, R. Lara, J. Gomez, D. Berka, Y. Ding & D. Fensel (2004):
Semantic aspects of web services (book chapter). Munindar P.Singh
(ed.) Practical Handbook of Internet Computing. Chapman Hall and
CRC Press, Baton Rouge. 2004.
H. Lausen, M. Stollberg, R. Lara, Y. Ding, S. Han and D. Fensel
(2003): Semantic Web Portals – State of the Art Survey. Technical
Report, DERI-Innsbruck.
Y. Sure, H. Akkermans, J. Broekstra, J. Davies, Y. Ding, A. Duke, R.
Engels, D. Fensel, I. Horrocks, V. Iosif, A. Kampman, A. Kiryakov,
M. Klein, T. Lau, D. Ognyanov, U. Reimer, K. Simov, R. Studer, J.
van der Meer, and F. van Harmelen (2003): On-To-Knowledge:
Semantic Web Enabled Knowledge (book chapter), N. Zhong, J. Liu
and Y. Yao (eds.), Web Intelligence. Springer, 2003, pages 277-300.
D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, Y. Ding, M. Klein, H. Akkermans, J.
Broekstra, A. Kampman, J. van der Meer, Y. Sure, R. Studer, U.
Krohn, J. Davies, R. Engels, V. Iosif, A. Kiryakov, T. Lau, and U.
Reimer (2003): On-To-Knowledge: Semantic Web Enabled
Knowledge Management, IEEE Computer.
D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, Y. Ding, et al (2003). On-To-
Knowledge in a Nutshell. Special Issue of IEEE Computer on Web
Intelligence (WI)
Y. Ding, D. Fensel and Hans-Georg Stork (2003). The Semantic
Web: from Concept to Percept. Austrian Artificial Intelligence
Journal, 21 (4), 4-18.15.
Y. Ding, D. Fensel (2003). Semantic Web: The Next Generation
Web – Guest Editor Introduction. Austrian Artificial Intelligence
Journal, 21 (4). 1-3.
Y. Ding, D. Fensel and Hans-Georg Stork (2003). Semantic web
enabled web services – Guest Editor Introduction. Austrian Artificial
Intelligence Journal, 21 (5), 1-4.
Y. Ding, D. Fensel, M. Klein, B. Omelayenko and E. Schulten
(2003): The role of ontologies in eCommerce (book chapter). S.Stab
& R. Studer (eds.) Handbook on Ontologies, Springer.
D. Fensel, C. Bussler, Y. Ding, and B. Omelayenko: The Web
Service Modeling Framework WSMF, Electronic Commerce
Research and Applications, 1(2), 2002.
134

M. Klein, Y. Ding, D. Fensel and B. Omelayenko (2002). Ontology
management: Storing, aligning and maintaining ontologies (book
chapter). In J. Davis, D. Fensel and F. van Harmelen (eds.) Towards
the Semantic Web: Ontology-driven knowledge management, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd.
D. Fensel, C. Bussler, Y. Ding, V. Kartseva, M. Klein, M. Korotkiy,
B. Omelayenko, and R. Siebes: Semantic Web Application Areas. In
Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Applications of
Natural Language to Information Systems, Stockholm - Sweden,
June 27-28, 2002.
Y. Ding, D. Fensel, M. Klein, and B. Omelayenko: The Semantic
Web: Yet Another Hip? Data and Knowledge Engineering, 41(3), p.
205-227, 2002.
D. Fensel, B. Omelayenko, Y. Ding, E. Schulten, G. Botquin, M.
Brown, and A. Flett (2002): Intelligent Information Integration in
B2B Electronic Commerce (Book).
Ying Ding & Schubert Foo (2002). Ontology Research and
Development: Part 1 – A Review of Ontology Generation. Journal of
Information Science, 28(2).
B. Omelayenko, M. Crubézy, D. Fensel, R. Benjamins, B. Wielinga,
E. Motta, M. Musen, and Y. Ding: UPML: The Language and Tool
Support for Making the Semantic Web Alive. In D. Fensel et al.
(eds.), Spinning the Semantic Web, MIT Press, Boston, to appear
2002 (book chapter).
Ying Ding & Schubert Foo (2002): Ontology Research and
Development: Part 2 – A Review of Ontology mapping and evolving.
Journal of Information Science, 28(4).
Y. Ding, M. Korotkiy, B. Omelayenko, V. Kartseva, V. Zykov, M.
Klein, E. Schulten, and D. Fensel: GoldenBullet: Automated
Classification of Product Data in E-commerce, BIS-2002: 5th
International Conference on Business Information Systems, Pozna,
Poland, April 24-25, 2002.
Y. Ding, M. Korotkiy, B. Omelayenko, V. Kartseva, V. Zykov, M.
Klein, E. Schulten, and D. Fensel: GoldenBullet in a Nutshell,
FLAIRS-2002: The 15th International FLAIRS Conference,
Beachside Resort and Conference Center, Pensacola Beach, Florida,
May 14-16, 2002.
Ying Ding (2001). A review of ontologies with the Semantic Web in
135

view. Journal of Information Science, 27(6) 377-384(8)
Ying Ding & Dieter Fensel (2001). OntoWeb: The Thematic
Network for Semantic Web. AgentLink Newsletter 8.11-13.
Ying Ding (2001). IR and AI: The role of ontology. In Proc. 4th
International Conference of Asian Digital Libraries, Dec 10-12,
Bangalore, India.
Y. Ding and D. Fensel (2001). Ontology Library Systems: The key
for successful Ontology Reuse. The first Semantic web working
symposium, Stanford, USA, July 29th-August 1st, 2001
Y. Ding and R. Engels (2001). IR and AI: Using co-occurrence
theory to generate lightweight ontologies. Workshop on Digital
Libraries (Dlib2001), 12th International Conference on Database and
Expert Systems Applications (DEXA2001), Munich, Germany, Sep
3-7, 2001.
Y. Ding, G. Chowdhury, S. Foo (2001). Bibliometric cartography of
information retrieval research by using co-word analysis.
Information Processing & Management, 37(6), 817-842.
Dieter Fensel , Ying Ding, Ellen Schulten, Borys Omelayenko, Guy
Botquin, Mike Brown, and Alan Flett (2001): Product Data
Integration in B2B E-commerce. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(4):
54-59.
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4.4.3.2. Martin Hepp
Name
Martin Hepp
Entry date January 2005
Cluster SEBIS
Objective (1) Ontologies
Projects DIP: DERI lead, WP4 lead, D 2.10 Ontology Management Book
SUPER: WP 1 lead and contributions to other WPs - roughly 30 MM
for the first 18 MMs to coordinate
MUSING: DERI lead
SWING: temporary DERI lead
FIT-IT proposal lead
Various other stuff. More than enough.
Research topic My major research interest is Semantics in Business Information
Systems, especially the use of ontologies for advancement in the
automation of business processes. Ontologies in my understanding are
community contracts about a representation of a domain of discourse.
Representation in here includes (1) formal parts that can be used for
machine reasoning, and (2) informal parts like natural language
descriptions and multimedia elements that help humans establish,
maintain, and renew consensus about the meaning of concepts. In my
opinion, both aspects of ontologies are equally important, and I watch
the current dominance of the formal aspects of ontologies in academic
research as with unease. My contributions address the following two
main dimensions of using ontologies for business information systems:
1. Maturing Semantic Web foundations, so that they become
compatible with the real world complexity and scale. This includes
four main branches of research.
1.1 Ontology Engineering
Methodologies for and prototypes of industry-strength business
ontologies, e.g. the gen/tax methodology for deriving ontologies from
existing hierarchical standards and taxonomies (UNSPSC, eCl@ss, ...)
and eClassOWL, the first serious attempt of building an ontology for
ebusiness applications; and in general advancing the state of the art in
e-business data and knowledge engineering, including metrics for

content.
1.2 Community-driven Ontology Building
Since my PhD thesis I have been trying to hand back control over the
evolution of ontologies to the user community, including semiautomated
approaches and OntoWiki, a Wiki-centric ontology
building environment. In this segment also fall quantitative
comparisons of community-centric and engineering-based ontology
building.
1.3 Economic Aspects of Ontology Building and Usage
Building ontologies consumes resources, and in an economic setting,
these resources are justified and will be spend (by rational economic
actors, at least) only if the effort needed to establish and keep alive a
consensual representation of a domain of discourse is outweighed by
the business gain, either in terms of cost, added value, or strategic
dimensions, e.g. process agility. This research branch is rather young
and underdeveloped, but an important piece of understanding and
fueling the use of ontologies in business applications.
1.4 Ontology Management Systems
The use of Semantic Web technology beyond toy applications requires
ontology management infrastructure for editing and browsing,
versioning, mapping and merging, and ontology mediation, that
remains cognitively adequate and sufficiently performant for large
ontologies. I chair the Ontology Management Working Group
(OMWG), in which we are trying to develop a consistent framework
of requirements plus prototypes of ontology management
infrastructure that meets this demand.
2. Applying Semantic Web technology to core challenges of
Information Systems in order to realize and evaluate the business
benefit, and to identify the open research challenges. I currently focus
on three specific application domains:
2.1 Semantics-supported Business Process Management, i.e. the idea
to mechanize Business Process Management by using Semantic Web
techniques and especially Semantic Web Services. There is a first
vision paper and a Working Group being founded.
2.2 Semantic Web services, especially WSMO/WSML/WSMX, i.e. the
use of ontologies and related technology for the automation of Web
services discovery, composition, execution, and monitoring. I am
member of the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) Working
Group and project manager of the EU-funded Integrated Project "DIP
- Data, Information, and Process Integration with Semantic Web
138

Progress
towards Habil
Implementations eclassOWL
goodRelations
Publications Journal Papers
Services" (FP6-507483). This research direction is complemented by
work on using the idea of persistent publication, as an alternative to
the predominant message exchange paradigm of today's Web services.
See work on Triplespace Computing.
2.3 Electronic Markets and Electronic Procurement, including a
reference framework for ontology-supported electronic procurement
and an analysis of the true complexity of business matchmaking.
I have been admitted as a habilitation candidate at the University of
Würzburg, School of Economics and Business Management, as of
November 7, 2005. The members of my habilitation committee are
Prof. Rainer Thome (Würzburg), Prof. Ronald Bogaschewsky
(Würzburg), and Prof. Matthias Schumann (University of Göttingen).
The regulations require that I settle an agreement with my thesis
committee about the results to be achieved in teaching, scholarship,
and service in order to be eligible. This agreement is in the stage of
finalization.
All requirements for the degree should be fulfilled by the end of 2007.
Peer-reviewed Journals
Hepp, Martin: Products and Services Ontologies: A Methodology for
Deriving OWL Ontologies from Industrial Categorization Standards,
in: Int'l Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems (IJSWIS),
Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 72-99, January-March 2006.
Hepp, Martin: Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services: Father and
Son or Indivisible Twins?, in: IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 10, No.
2, pp. 85-88, March-April 2006.
Hepp, Martin; Leukel, Jörg; Schmitz, Volker: A Quantitative Analysis
of Product Categorization Standards: eCl@ss, UNSPSC, eOTD, and
RNTD, submitted to Knowledge and Information Systems (KAIS,
Springer).
Other Journals
Hepp, Martin; Thome, Rainer: XML-Spezifikationen und Standards für
den Datenaustausch, in: wisu – das wirtschaftsstudium, 32 (2003) 4,
pp. 510-518.
Hepp, Martin; Thome, Rainer: Dateiorganisation, in: wisu – das
wirtschaftsstudium, 31 (2002) 4 (Studienblatt).
139

Hepp, Martin; Doerflein, Michael: Katalogdatenintegration auf Basis
von Güterklassen, in: Deutsche EC/EDI-Gesellschaft: eBusiness
aktuell 2002, Berlin 2002, pp. 20-26.
Hepp, Martin; Thome, Rainer: Datenmodellierung, in: wisu – das
wirtschaftsstudium, 30 (2001) 7, (Studienblatt).
Hepp, Martin; Schinzer, Heiko: B2B-Marktplätze, in: wisu – das
wirtschaftsstudium, 29 (2000) 11, pp. 1513-1521.
Conference and Workshop Papers
Peer-reviewed Conference and Workshop Proceedings
Martin Hepp, Daniel Bachlechner, and Katharina Siorpaes: Harvesting
Wiki Consensus - Using Wikipedia Entries as Ontology Elements,
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop: SemWiki2006 - From Wiki to
Semantics, co-located with the 3rd Annual European Semantic Web
Conference (ESWC 2006), June 12, 2006, Budva, Montenegro
(forthcoming).
Martin Hepp: The True Complexity of Product Representation in the
Semantic Web, Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on
Information System (ECIS 2006), June 12-14, 2006, Gothenburg,
Sweden (forthcoming).
Martin Hepp, Katharina Siorpaes, Daniel Bachlechner: Towards the
Semantic Web in E-Tourism: Can Annotation Do the Trick?
Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Information System
(ECIS 2006), June 12-14, 2006, Gothenburg, Sweden (forthcoming).
Hepp, Martin: eClassOWL: A Fully-Fledged Products and Services
Ontology in OWL, in: Poster Proceedings of the 4th International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2005), November 7-11, 2005,
Galway, Ireland.
Hepp, Martin; Bachlechner, Daniel; Siorpaes, Katharina: OntoWiki:
Community driven Ontology Engineering and Ontology Usage based
on Wikis, in: Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on
Wikis (WikiSym 2005), October 16-18, 2005, San Diego, California,
USA.
Hepp, Martin: Representing the Hierarchy of Industrial Taxonomies in
OWL: The gen/tax Approach, in: Proceedings of the ISWC Workshop
140

Semantic Web Case Studies and Best Practices for eBusiness
(SWCASE05), November 7, 2005, Galway, Ireland, pp. 49-56.
Krummenacher, Reto; Hepp, Martin; Polleres, Axel; Bussler,
Christoph; Fensel, Dieter: WWW or What is Wrong with Web services,
in: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE European Conference on Web
Services (IEEE ECOWS 2005), November 14-16, Växjö, Sweden, pp.
235-243.
Hepp, Martin; Leymann, Frank; Domingue, John; Wahler, Alexander,
and Dieter Fensel: Semantic Business Process Management: A Vision
Towards Using Semantic Web Services for Business Process
Management, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
e-Business Engineering (ICEBE 2005), October 18-20, Beijing,
China, pp. 535-540
Hepp, Martin; Leukel, Jörg; Schmitz, Volker: A Quantitative Analysis
of eCl@ss, UNSPSC, eOTD, and RNTD Content, Coverage, and
Maintenance, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
e-Business Engineering (ICEBE 2005), October 18-20, Beijing,
China, pp. 572-581.
Schmitz, Volker; Leukel, Jörg; Hepp, Martin: Integrierte
Dokumentation und Spezifikation von E-Business-Standards mit XML
Schema-Annotationen, in: Proceedings of the Berliner XML Tage
2005 (BXML 2005), September 12-14, Berlin, Germany, pp. 179-190.
Hepp, Martin; Leukel, Jörg; Schmitz, Volker: Content Metrics for
Products and Services Categorization Standards, in: Proceedings of
the IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and
e-Service (EEE-05), March 29 – April 1, 2005, Hong Kong, pp. 740-
745.
Hepp, Martin: A Methodology for Deriving OWL Ontologies from
Products and Services Categorization Standards, in: Proceedings of
the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2005), May
26-28, 2005, Regensburg, pp. 1-12.
Hepp, Martin: Measuring the Quality of Descriptive Languages for
Products and Services, in: Proceedings of the Multi-Konferenz
Wirtschaftsinformatik MKWI 2004, March 9-11, 2004, Essen, pp.
157-168. Page 3 of 4
Others
Hepp, Martin: Product Reasoning Services: Economic Relevance and
141

Architectural Approaches, in: Proceedings of the 5. Paderborner
Frühjahrstagung "Innovationen im E-Business", Paderborn, Germany,
April 10, 2003, pp. 469-477.
Hepp, Martin: Interoperabilität, Metamarktplätze und agentenbasierte
Arbitrageure, in: Proceedings of the 4. Paderborner Frühjahrstagung
"Modelle im E-Business", Paderborn, Germany, April 11, 2002, pp.
475-489.
Hepp, Martin; Boehnlein, Claus: Modellierung der Pflege von
Standards mit Hilfe höherer Petri-Netze, in: Proceedings of the 8th
Symposium "Simulation als betriebliche Entscheidungshilfe",
Göttingen, Germany, March 11, 2002, pp. 3-13 .
Book Chapters
Hepp, Martin: XML-Spezifikationen und Klassifikationsstandards für
den Datenaustausch, in: Thome, R.; Schinzer, H.; Hepp, M. (eds.):
“Electronic Commerce und Electronic Business. Mehrwert durch
Integration und Automation“, 3rd edition, Vahlen, Munich 2005, pp.
191-216.
Thome, Rainer; Schinzer, Heiko; Hepp, Martin: Electronic
Commerce: Ertragsorientierte Integration und Automatisierung, in:
Thome, R.; Schinzer, H.; Hepp, M. (eds.): “Electronic Commerce und
Electronic Business. Mehrwert durch Integration und Automation“,
3rd edition, Vahlen, Munich 2005, pp.1-28.
Hepp, Martin: Datenschutz (p. 157); Datensicherheit (pp. 157f. );
Elektronische Unterschrift (p. 188), in: Horváth, P.; Reichmann, T.:
„Vahlens Großes Controllinglexikon“, 2nd ed., Vahlen, München
2002.
Hepp, Martin: Electronic Procurement (pp. 171f.), Computervirus
(pp. 119f.); Datensicherheit (pp. 148-150 ), in: Mertens, P. et al.:
„Lexikon der Wirtschaftsinformatik“, 4th ed., Springer, Berlin etc.
2001.
Non-refereed Publications, Working Papers, and Posters
Hepp, Martin; Leukel, Jörg; Schmitz, Volker; Fensel, Dieter: PRODIS
2005: Workshop on Product-related Data in Information Systems
(Workshop Summary), in: Cremers, A.; Manthey, R; Martini, P.;
Steinhage, V.: Proceedings of INFORMATIK 2005, September 19-22,
2005, Bonn, p. 443.
Hepp, Martin: Product Representation in the Semantic Web, Working
142

Paper, April 2004.
Hepp, Martin: OntoMeter: Metrics for Ontologies, poster presented at
the 1 st European Semantic Web Symposium (ESWS2004), Heraklion,
Greece, May 10 – May 12, 2004.
Hepp, Martin: Using Web Services for the Maintenance and the
Version Management of Descriptive Languages for Products and
Services, research report about an internship at the IBM Software
Solutions Development Lab in Böblingen, Germany, May 12 – May
16, 2003. Page 4 of 4
Books
Hepp, Martin; Polleres, Axel; van Harmelen, Frank; Genesereth,
Michael (eds.): Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
Mediation in Semantic Web Services (MEDIATE 2005), CEUR
Workshop Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073, Vol. 168, 2005.
Thome, Rainer; Schinzer, Heiko; Hepp, Martin. (eds.): Electronic
Commerce und Electronic Business. Mehrwert durch Integration und
Automation, 3rd edition, Vahlen, Munich 2005.
Hepp, Martin: Güterklassifikation als semantisches
Standardisierungsproblem, Deutscher Universitaets- Verlag,
Wiesbaden, Germany 2003.
Standards Submissions
Jos de Bruijn, Christoph Bussler, John Domingue, Dieter Fensel,
Martin Hepp, Uwe Keller, Michael Kifer, Birgitta König-Ries, Jacek
Kopecky, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Eyal Oren, Axel Polleres,
Dumitru Roman, James Scicluna, Michael Stollberg: Web Service
Modeling Ontology (WSMO), W3C Member Submission,
http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSMO/, 2005.
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5. Semantic Execution Environment Cluster (SEE)
In the following we describe the SEE cluster in general terms, in terms of the objectives it
takes care, in terms of the project it takes care, and in terms of its members.
5.1. General Description
Name
Acronym
Web site
Leader
Team
Semantic Execution Environment
SEE
http://see.deri.org
Michal Zaremba (Deputy: Mick Kerrigan)
Senior Researchers:
Michal Zaremba
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian
Graham Hench
Zhou Jingtao
Mick Kerrigan
Adrian Mocan
Omair Shafiq
Adina Sirbu
Zhixian Yan
Objectives
Projects
Mission
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
Mark Mattern
Applications (2), developer tools (3), mediation (8), and execution
management (15)
ASG, SEEMP, SemanticGov, SemBiz, SUPER Michal, TSC
It is mission of the Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) cluster to
create an execution environment for the dynamic discovery, selection,
mediation, invocation and inter-operation of Semantic Web Services.
Enterprises' information systems were subject of great changes during the
last years. In order to adjust to more and more dynamic business demands,
a new concept/paradigm has come to replace the traditional applications:
the service. By this (and by some other auxiliary changes) the information
system as a whole becomes a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Such
an approach offers a set of advantages that comes with SOA but it doesn't
solve all the interoperability problems that existed for classical
applications too. Inside of a particular SOA, independent services offering
the same functionality should be seamlessly interchangeable with each
other. Different such services can have different vendors, and as a
consequence, different peculiarities. Our platform is going to be a sample
implementation of the Web Services Modelling Ontology (WSMO) which
144

Major
tasks and
deliverables
describes all aspects of Semantic Web Services.
Our goal is to provide both a testbed for WSMO and to demonstrate the
viability of using WSMO as a means to achieve dynamic inter-operation
of Web Services. Semantic Web has been a domain of research for IT for
half of a decade, and represents the vision of the new Web, a Web
containing “machine understandable" information. Semantic Web Services
is a relatively new area, exploring how the classical Web Services can be
enhanced from a static to a dynamic Web Services in a semantic context.
That is, not only the data on the Web can be augmented with semantics
but the applications (i.e. Web services) as well. By successfully applying
semantics to a dynamic Web, the number of error prone and laborious
tasks fulfilled by humans today would be reduced. Furthermore, the costs
of knowledge management or business to business integration tasks would
be drastically decreased. Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) cluster
acts in this context, combining the benefits of semantics and Semantic
Web Services with new architectural practices producing the concept of a
Semantic Service Oriented Architecture.
Following work initiated in WSMX working group we will adapt a topdown,
component based development approach, delivering a whole
framework capable of carrying out in the future, the dynamic discovery,
mediation, selection, invocation and inter-operation of Web Services.
From the beginning we aim to include all the services of the WSMX
platform, providing complete implementation for them in the later stages
of the project. The strong component decoupling allows new components
to be plugged in and provides opportunities to achieve richer functionality.
Each subsequent version of our platform will extend and improve the
functionality of the components of the framework until it reaches the full
Semantic Web Services support.
The SEE cluster is open for any new members and to extend it existing
foundation of work on the SWS platform. We aim to integrate together
DERI Innsbruck teams to build together the complete Semantic Web
Services execution environment.
The SEE team members’ actively participate in the appropriate standards
bodies, specifically the OASIS, and will seek to influence these bodies
towards adopting SEE findings and ideas. The team leader is currently cochairing
the Oasis Semantic Execution Environment technical committee,
whose declared objective is to provide guidelines, justifications and
implementation directions for an execution environment for Semantic
Web services. Several proposed members of the team also contributed to
WSMX W3C submission.
Being actively involved in several EU projects, the team members can
easily interact with researchers from both academia and industry,
receiving inputs that will guide their work. Also, the team members
contributed to earlier prototype versions of WSMX architecture, which
has been used as an execution environment in various European projects
dealing with Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services.
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Current responsibilities of particular members of SEE team are structured
around two dimensions:
• DERI objectives
• Project responsibilities
In terms of DERI objectives, SEE cluster contributes to the following
WSMX services: developer tools, end user applications, mediation,
discovery, choreography, storage and communication, reasoner,
monitoring (leader to be decided) and execution management. The most
advanced WSMX components are the ones driven by SEE cluster, which
are developer tools, mediation (data and process) and execution
management.
In terms of project responsibilities, members of SEE cluster have been
involved in several projects, namely: SUPER, DIP, SemBiz, SEEMP,
KW, ASG, TripleSpace, AsiaLink, Tripcom and SemGov. For SEEMP,
ASG and SemanticGov the SEE cluster takes the full responsibility for the
complete execution of the project for DERI Innsbruck (from a local
coordination to research lead and scientific contributions). SUPER is
shared together with SEBIS cluster and project has been divided on the
workpackages level. For other projects members of SEE cluster remain
contributors leading deliverables or contributing to them.
Currently following deliverables are assigned to SEE researchers:
• ASG – D1.I-6 WSML reasoner engine implementation 2nd release
• ASG – D1.I-7 M30 Update of Collection of semantic specifications
for ASG services
• ASG – D2.I-3 Service Matchmaker & Query Processor 1st Release
• DIP – D6.11 Semantic Web Services Architecture and
Information Model
• DIP – D6.14 Semantic Web Services Architecture and
Information Model
• DIP – D9.11 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) v 1.0
• DIP – D9.12 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) v 2.0
• DIP – D9.14 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) Final
Version
• SUPER – D6.3 Process Ontology Reasoner
• SUPER – D12.3 Dissemination Strategy and SDK Activities
• SUPER – contribution to WP4 BP Mediation, WP5 Modeling
Analysis Tools, WP6 SBPM Execution Engine, WP11 Community,
Standards, WP12 Dissemination
• Tripcom and Triplespace – contribution to several deliverables
• SemanticGov - WP3: Design of Semantic Web Service Architecture
for National and Pan-European e-Government services (second
highest involvement)
• SemanticGov - WP5: Development of SWS Execution Environment
for
146

• SemanticGov - Services (highest involvement, leaders of WP)
• SemanticGov - D3.1: SemanticGov Architecture v.1
• SemanticGov - D3.2: SemanticGov Architecture v.2
• SemanticGov - D3.3: Analysis of Mediator Requirements and
Mediator Implementation
• SemanticGov - D5.1: Design and development of SemanticGov
software components v.1
• SemanticGov - D5.2: Design and development of SemanticGov
software components v.2
• SEEMP - Involved in all 8 work packages
• SEEMP – WP 3 SEEMP Platform Functional Specification (lead
partner)
• SEEMP - D21 (Contributor): Semantic and Technical Aspects in e-
Gov Software Development
• SEEMP - D31 (Coordinator): SEEMP Platform Specifications
• SEEMP - D41 (Contributor): SEEMP Components Design
• SEEMP - D43 (Contributor): 1st SEEMP Interoperability
Framework
• SEEMP - D51 (Coordinator): Requirements and Specifications
Revision
• SEEMP - D53 (Contributor): Final SEEMP Interoperability
Framework
• SEEMP - D71 (Contributor): Project Presentation
• SEEMP - D73 (Contributor): Exploitation and Dissemination Plan
• SEEMP - Project Management Reports
• SemBiz – have not started yet and will be probably postponed later
2006
• ASG – WSML reasoner engine implementation 2nd release
• ASG – Update of Collection of semantic specifications for ASG
services
5.2. Objectives
• Applications (2),
• Developer tools (3),
• Mediation (8), and
• Execution Management (15)
5.2.1. Applications
Nr 2
Title Applications
Mission Mission of the Application box is to develop a common understanding
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statement
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
of various technologies intended to facilitate the use of other services of
SESA using semantic annotations. This working group will develop (1)
use case scenarios that help validate the real-world fitness of SESA
components and (2) domain-specific implementations which will be
used for testing of SESA services.
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Applications
Michal Zaremba
SEE, SEBIS
Senior Researchers:
Ying Ding
Michal Zaremba
Junior Researchers:
Holger Lausen
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Future Steps
Students:
Mark Mattern
Semantic Web Services challenge (www.sws-challenge.org) has been
our first attempt to provide a case bed for future Application box. The
goal of the SWS Challenge is to develop a common understanding of
various technologies intended to facilitate the automation of mediation,
choreography and discovery for Web Services using semantic
annotations. The intent of this challenge is to explore the trade-offs
among existing approaches. Additionally we would like to figure out
which parts of problem space may not yet be covered. The challenge
aims to provide a forum for discussion based on a common application.
This Challenge seeks participation from industry and academic
researchers developing software components and/or intelligent agents
that have the ability to automate mediation, choreography and discovery
processes between Web services. This work is related to but distinct
from the IEEE Contest in several respects. First, the SWS Challenge
focuses on the use of semantic annotations: participants are provided
with semantics in the form of natural language text that they can
formalize and use in their technologies. Second, this is a challenge rather
than a contest, meaning that workshop participants mutually evaluate
and learn from each others' approaches.
The first step is to form an Applications group, as till now the group
operated unofficially and consisted only of two members: Holger and
Michal. Once formed, more detailed plan will be established. At this
stage we can say for sure that we will continue work on SWS challenge.
The second phase of this challenge planned for June 2008 has been
described in detail at www.sws-challenge.org and following phases will
be defined also by us. We also consider to create similar challenges for
other domains (e.g. banking, government, telecom etc.), but for the next
148

Publications
Software
releases
couple of months our major focus remain RosettaNet and integration and
discovery aspects as defined on by current specification of the challenge.
Since the Applications box has just started its existence, there are no
accepted publications yet.
The current implementation of Semantic Web Services challenge is
available at www.sws-challenge.org. Future releases will be listed on
Application website.
5.2.2. Developer tools
Nr 3
Title Developer Tools
Mission The mission of the developer tools working group is to produce high
statement quality tools related to Semantic Web Services that can be used by users
of all competency levels. To this end we provide a large number of tools
that can be used by users with different skill sets. Members of the
working group are working on tools for managing WSMO ontologies,
web services, goals and mediators, for creating mappings between
WSMO ontologies for runtime mediation, for executing WSDL web
services and managing WSMO execution environments.
Web site Information: http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Developer_Tools
Releases: http://wsmt.sourceforge.net & http://dome.sourceforge.net
Leader Mick Kerrigan
Cluster
Team
SEE, (SEBIS)
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Jan Henke
Mick Kerrigan
Adrian Mocan
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
Nathalie Steinmetz
Martin Tanler
In the SEEMP project work will be done on improving the WSMO
Choreography support in the plug-ins from the WSMT, for example
adding choreography support to the WSML Text Editor and WSML
Visualizer. Further contributing projects are SUPER, SemBiz, and RW2
The developer tools implemented with DERI are broken down into a
number of plug-ins for Eclipse. The plug-ins are bundled together as two
different products, namely the Web Services Modeling Toolkit (WSMT)
and the DERI Ontology Management Environment (DOME). The
WSMT is aimed at covering all the functionality of WSMO, WSML and
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WSMX. With the WSMT the user is able to create and manage WSMO
ontologies, web services, goals and mediators through the WSML
human readable syntax, create mappings between two WSML
ontologies for the purposes of instance transformation and thirdly
manage and interact with the WSMX environment. The primary focus of
DOME is the use of WSMO as an ontology language and thus focuses
only on the ontology and mediator parts of the WSMO specification.
Users of DOME can create and manage their WSMO ontologies and
mediators through the WSML human readable, XML and RDF syntaxes.
They can also create mappings between two ontologies that can be used
later by an execution environment.
The plug-ins shipped in these tools includes:
WSMO4J: The WSMO4J plug-in provides access to the functionality
of WSMO4J, which is a parser, serializer and object model for WSMO
documents. This plug-in provides a standard integration point for all
tools that need to perform some operation on WSMO descriptions.
WSML Reasoner: The WSML Reasoner plug-in exposes the
functionality of the WSML 2 Reasoner to other plug-ins in the WSMT.
The reasoner can translate the ontology elements in a WSML description
into predicates and rules and provides a facade allowing integration with
many different underlying reasoners.
WSML: This plug-in layers on top of the WSMO4J plug-in and
provides Eclipse GUI related functionality for WSML.
WSML Text Editor: The WSML Text Editor Plug-in provides a text
editor for editing the human readable syntax of WSML. This text editor
presents advanced features so that users who prefer to work with the raw
syntax of a WSML document can get added value from the tool set.
WSML Conceptual Editor: This editor allows for visual editing of
ontologies. It includes two sub-views – a class tree and an instance table.
The class tree displays the hierarchy of classes and relations including
their attributes and parameters; also axioms are available here.
WSML Visualizer: The WSML Visualizer is an ontology engineering
tool based on a graph based approach. It is unique in that it is not just an
ontology visualization tool bolted on top of an existing ontology
engineering tool, but there is full editing support for WSMO ontologies,
web services, goals and mediators built into the visualization.
WSML Reasoner View: This plug-in provides an Eclipse view based
upon the functionality of the WSML Reasoner plug-in. This allows the
150

user to execute queries over the ontology that is open in the currently
selected editor.
AML: The AML plug-in provides access to the functionality of the
Abstract Mapping Language created by the Ontology Management
Working Group (OMWG). This functionality includes a parser,
serializer and object model for Mapping documents. This plug-in
provides a standard integration point for all tools that need to perform
some operation on AML Documents.
AML Text Editor: The AML Text Editor Plug-in provides a text editor
for editing the AML syntax. This text editor presents advanced features
so that users who prefer to work with the raw syntax of an AML
document can get added value from the tool set.
AML Conceptual Editor: The mapping tree editor is responsible for
the visual editing of documents in the abstract mapping language. It
displays the tree of elements that can be created in this language and
allows for editing through the use of the context menu.
WSMX Data Mediation Mapping Tool: The Data Mediation Mapping
Tool Plug-in offers an alternative to manual, text-based mapping
creation between ontologies. That is, a set of graphical mechanism are in
place in order to support the domain expert in his/her work, and to offer
a truly semi-automatic system for ontology alignment.
WSDL Invocation: This plug-in can be used to invoke a WSDL web
service. The user can provide a WSDL document and the plug-in will
provide templates for the messages that need to be sent to invoke a given
operation.
Future Steps
Publications
WSMX Management: The WSMX Management plug-in in the WSMT
provides a perspective and a number of UI components for managing the
WSMX server and the WSMX adapter framework.
For each of the plug-ins there are a large number of features planned for
each, that lead these plug-ins in the direction of more usable, featureful
tools for described ontologies, web services mediators and goals,
creating mappings between different ontologies and using execution
environments and services.
Conferences
Mick Kerrigan: WSMOViz: An Ontology Visualization Approach for
WSMO, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Information Visualization (IV06), July, 2006, London, England
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Workshops
Adrian Mocan and Emilia Cimpian: Mapping Creation Using a View
Based Approach, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on
Mediation in Semantic Web Services (Mediate 2005), Dec, 2005,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Mick Kerrigan: The WSML Editor Plug-in to the Web Services
Modeling Toolkit}, Proceedings of the 2nd WSMO Implementation
Workshop (WIW), June, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria
Jan Henke: The table metaphor: A representation of a class and its
instances, Proceedings to Workshop on User Aspects of the Semantic
Web (ESWC), May, 2005, Heraklion, Greece
Tutorials
Semantic Web Service Systems and Tools}, 4 th International Semantic
Web Conference (ISWC), Nov, 2005, Galway, Ireland
Posters
Tools for the Web Services Modeling Language (WSML), International
Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web
(RuleML), Nov, 2005, Galway, Ireland
Software
releases
Web Services Modeling Toolkit including plug-ins:
- WSML Plug-in
- WSML Text Editor Plug-in
- WSML Vizualizer Plug-in
- WSML Reasoner View Plug-in
- Abstract Mapping Language Plug-in
- Abstract Mapping Language Text Editor Plug-in
- WSMX Management Plug-in
DERI Ontology Management Environment including plug-ins
- WSML Conceptual Editor Plug-in
- AML Conceptual Editor Plug-in
- Mapping Plug-in
- Versioning Plug-in
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5.2.3. Mediation
Nr 8
Title Mediation
Mission
statement
Mediation in WSMX aims at providing flexible mediation service in
WSMX at both data and process level.
Data Mediation provides automatic data transformation from the format
used by the source party to the format required by the target party
involved in conversation.
As WSMX is a semantic enabled service execution environment, we
assume that the data to be mediated is semantically described, i.e. it
consists of ontology instances. As a consequence the WSMX Data
Mediation Service has to support instance transformation from terms of
one ontology to the terms of another ontology, based on set of already
created mappings between the two given ontologies.
The Process Mediator component has the task of solving the
communication (behavioral) mismatches that may occur during the
communication between a requestor and a provider of a service. As in
WSMO, the requestor is a WSMO Goal, while the provider is a
Semantic Web Service, the Process Mediator’s task is be to
accommodate the mismatches between the goal’s
requestedChoreography and the SWS’s choreography.
Web site http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Data_Mediation,
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Process_Mediation
Leader Adrian Mocan
Cluster Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) and Semantics in Business
Information Systems (SEBIS)
Team Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian (PM)
Adrian Mocan (DM and PM)
Richard Pöttler
Francois Scharffe (DM)
Omair Shafiq
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
Knowledge Web, SemanticGov, Sekt, SemBiz, SUPER, SEEMP, DIP,
TSC, TripCom
The Data Mediation service in WSMX aims to provide a solution to
solve the heterogeneity problems that can appear at the data level. As all
messages in WSMX are semantically described in WSML, the data to be
mediated is described in terms of ontologies, i.e. data consists of
ontology instances.
153

In this context, the heterogeneity problems at the data level appear when
the requester and the provider of a service use different ontologies to
conceptualize their domain. As a consequence, data has to be
transformed from terms of one ontology (e.g. requester’s ontology) into
terms of the other ontology (e.g. provider’s ontology). Due to the fact
that these transformations are taking place during run-time the whole
process has to be completely automatic. The data mediator component in
WSMX achieves this by relying on a set of mappings (semantic
relationships) between the source and target ontology identified during
design-time and stored in a persistent storage.
The mappings are in fact logical rules that are executed during run-time
by a reasoner component against the incoming data, to output data as
required by the target party. There are several ways (languages) of
representing these rules, depending of the reasoning support available.
In order to encourage interoperability between various mediation
systems and to allow a flexible and an easy management of these
mappings, a language independent format (called the Abstract Mapping
Language) is used. As a consequence, each time a set of such mappings
have to be used in a concrete scenario (as the instance transformation in
WSMX) the mappings have to be “grounded” to a concrete ontology
representation language (in our case WSML). The grounding not only
transforms the mappings in an executable form, but also associate them
a formal semantics, a meaning in respect with the concrete
representation language and the mediation scenario to be used in.
The WSMX Data Mediation service is a data mediation engine capable
of performing instance transformation for given pairs of ontologies
based on a given set of mappings. These mappings are represented as
statements in an Abstract Mapping Language which assures an ontology
representation language neutrality. By applying different grounding
mechanism, the same set of abstract mappings can be used in different
mediation scenarios using different reasoning systems.
The Process Mediator component currently consists from the following
subcomponents:
− Validator – determines if a certain instance is expected or not
by the targeted partner (valid or not from the conversation
point of view);
− Internal Repository – stores the instances that are going to be
sent at some point in time to one of the partners;
− WSML Reasoner – actually a wrapper for the KAON reasoner
− Core Component – manage the interaction with other DIP
components, and to coordinate the activities of the Process
Mediator internal sub-components.
The process mediation works with an old version of choreography
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Future Steps
specification, and an old version of Choreography Engine. This was due
to the necessity to have a working version of Process Mediator, while
the work on the Choreography Engine was advancing in a very alert
rhythm.
Data Mediation Service
o As a WSML reasoner (MINS) is now available, a replacement of
the Flora-2 reasoner is necessary. By this replacement the
burdensome introduced by the rapper around the Flora-2
reasoner will be eliminates. In this way, the focus can be shifted
from overcoming the technical problems to real improvements of
the services. In addition, this will allow the development of a
unified grounding mechanism, by updating the already existing
grounding in Abstract Mapping Language to the requirements of
the Data Mediation Service.
o The storage mechanism used by the Data Mediation Service to
store mappings is currently a MySQL (http://www.mysql.com)
database. It is in out intention to provide means for usage of
alternative storing mechanisms, ranging from a simple file
system to a more complex and efficient ones like the one used by
WSMX itself.
o The Data Mediation Service highly depends of the mappings
generated during design-time phase. A great benefit would be to
deliver the Data Mediation Service as a stand-alone application
as well that would allow the testing of the mappings outside of
the WSMX system. If integrated in WSMT, such testing could
take place during the actual creation of mappings, giving a
valuable real-time feed-back to the domain expert.
o As we act in the Semantic Web Services area the Data Mediation
Service has to be made available as a Semantic Web Services. As
such, one of the future plans is to deploy it as a WSDL service
and to provide the necessary semantic descriptions for it.
o It is important to test the feasibility and the soundness of our
conceptual ideas implemented through this Data Mediation
Service. We intend to test this service on real data and to make a
set of measurements regarding the efficiency and time
consuming aspects of the instance transformation process.
Mapping API
o Automation Algorithms: The mapping API provide also
support to automate mapping using a set of string distance,
graph matching and linguist techniques in order to facilitate
to the user the elaboration of the mapping document. This
imply to be able to manipulate the ontological entities by
making adapters to the respective APIs (WSMO4j, OWL
API).
o Transformation functions: The mediated instances have in
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certain cases to be structurally transformed. We will provide
a set of functions realizing these transformations.
Publications
Process Mediation
For the future, the following sub-components need to be updated:
Validator – this component operates on the choreographies sent by the
Choreography Engine. It needs to be updated to properly work with the
latest version of the Choreography engine
WSML Reasoner – migrate from KAON to MINS; this may cause some
flaws in the execution process.
Core Component – the logic driving the Core Component functionality
needs to be extended, for addressing more complex scenarios
Michael Stollberg, Emilia Cimpian, Adrian Mocan, Dieter Fensel: A
Semantic Web Mediation Architecture, Canadian Semantic Web
Working Symposium (CSWWS 2006), June 2006, Québec city, Canada
Adrian Mocan, Emilia Cimpian: Mapping Creation Using a View Based
Approach, 1st International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web
Services (Mediate 2005), December 2005, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Francois Scharffe, Jos de Bruijn: A Language to specify Mappings
between Ontologies, IEEE Conference on Internet-Based Systems
SITIS6, December 2005, Yaounde, Cameroon.
E. Cimpian, A. Mocan: WSMX Process Mediation Based on
Choreographies, 1st International Workshop on Web Service
Choreography and Orchestration for Business Process Management,
September 2005, Nancy, France.
E. Cimpian, M. Kerrigan: WSMX Process Mediation, Second WSMO
Implementation Workshop, June 2005, Innsbruck, Austria. (position
paper).
E. Cimpian: Process Mediation Using Choreographies, CDH Seminar,
December 2005, Galway, Ireland.
5.2.4. Execution management
Nr 15
Title Execution management
Mission The execution management component is responsible for the
statement management of WSMX as a platform and for the coordination of the
individual components. As the kernel of the system it enables and
156

ealizes the overall operational semantics of WSMX that let the system
achieve the promised functional semantics of its client-side interface. It
takes the functionality offered by the individual components of the
framework and orchestrates these atomic pieces into a coherent whole in
an orderly and consistent fashion. These properties are guaranteed by the
execution semantics, which are executed over the set of services that are
available to the execution management component
Web site http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Execution_Manager (scheduled
for move)
Leader Thomas Haselwanter
Cluster
Team
SEE
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Omair Shafiq
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
DIP, Infrawebs, TSC; TripCom
This component is available in a fully functional incarnation today. It
provides
(a) a rigid, managable infrastructure to components of WSMX and
(b) enables execution semantics as a deployable formal definition of the
operational behavior of the system.
The execution management component provides a complete
infrastructure to the components of the system, including boot-strap,
registration, hot-deploy and life-cycle management.
As in all systems of a certain complexity, management becomes a
critical issue. We make a clear separation between domain problem
logic and management logic, treating them as orthogonal concepts. If we
did not separate these two elements, it would become increasingly
difficult to maintain the system and keep it flexible, as it grows and
matures. From a certain perspective it could be argued that the very
process of making management explicit captures an invariant that helps
to leverage the support for dynamic, informed change of the rest of the
system.
Naturally, presenting a coherent view of all management aspects of
components and not getting lost in complexity are conflicting goals and
subject to compromise, yet the available WSMX consoles manage to
present a unified view that covers the infrastructure subsystems as well
as the components instrumentation. The kernel employs self-
157

management techniques such as scheduled operations and automatic
recovery from subsystem failures, and additionally allows administration
through management consoles. With the kernel being representation
agnostic, management consoles may be anything from command
prompts or web interfaces to dedicated standalone management
applications, of which currently one instance of each of these three
categories exists.
Future Steps
Publications
Software
releases
The development approach is iterative and results are measured and
driven by builds, and further grouped by versions, which translates
directly to targets and milestones in project management lingua. Today
the execution management stands at milestone 5 and iteration 83,
providing a usable and working base today.
Two main pillars are scheduled for exploration, the use of web service
technology within the kernel and the use of semantic technology within
the kernel and the components interfaces, which will result in the
crossing of the border to a self-executing architecture.
The architecture specification will define web service interfaces as well
as semantic descriptions of these services, on which work has begun.
With Milestone 6 (kernel modularization) in October, milestone 7
(intrakernel services) is targeted for the end of the year. Due to its
ambitient nature experiments for milestone 8 (intrakernel semantics) will
run concurrently to the implementation of the two earlier two
milestones. There will be operatively working, early iteration at the end
of the year, but efforts for milestone 8 will continue into 2007.
T. Haselwanter, Maciej Zaremba and Michal Zaremba. Enabling
Components Management and Dynamic Execution Semantic in WSMX.
WSMO Implementation Workshop 2005 (WIW 2005), 6-7 June,
Innsbruck, Austria.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wsmx
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5.3. Projects
Here we have the following projects:
• ASG
• SEEMP
• SemanticGov
• SemBiz
• SUPER Michal
• TSC
5.3.1. Adaptive Service Grid
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Adaptive Services Grid
ASG
IST-FP6
SEE
Emilia Cimpian
Ontologies, Applications, Adaptation, Composition, Grounding,
Monitoring, Formal languages, Reasoning, Storage, Execution
http://asg-platform.org
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian
Adina Sirbu
Darko Anicic
Students:
-
Mission The goal of Adaptive Services Grid (ASG) is to develop a proof-ofconcept
prototype of an open development platform for adaptive
services discovery, creation, composition, and enactment.
person*mon Total: 168 Per months: 5,5
ths budget
Duration 30 months 09/04 – 02/07
Major tasks service discovery

Deliverables
Remaining:
• D1.I-6 WSML reasoner engine implementation 2nd release
(lead) (Adina Sirbu, Sven Groppe, Jinghua Groppe)
• D1.I-7 M30 Update of Collection of semantic specifications for
ASG services (lead) (Jinghua Groppe, Adina Sirbu, Sven
Groppe)
• D2.I-3 Service Matchmaker & Query Processor 1st Release
(contribute) (Sven Groppe, Adina Sirbu)
• D2.IV Documentation of Interaction among Components
(contribute) (N.N.)
• D2.I-4 Service Matchmaker & Query Processor 2nd Release
(contribute) (N.N.)
5.3.3. SEEMP
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Single European Employment Market Place
SEEMP
IST-FP6
SEE
Mick Kerrigan
Developer tools, Mediation, Choreography
http://www.seemp.org
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Mick Kerrigan
Students:
-
Mission The mission is to design and implement in a prototypal way an
interoperability architecture for public e-Employment services which
encompasses cross-governmental business and decisional processes,
interoperability and reconciliation of local professional profiles and
taxonomies, semantically enabled web services for distributed
knowledge access and sharing.
Budget (in Total: 37 per month: 1
160

terms of
m*m)
Duration 30 months 01/06 – 06/08
Major tasks
Involved in all 8 work packages
WP 3 SEEMP Platform Functional Specification (lead partner)
Deliverables • D21 (Contributor): Semantic and Technical Aspects in e-Gov
Software Development
• D31 (Coordinator): SEEMP Platform Specifications
• D41 (Contributor): SEEMP Components Design
• D43 (Contributor): 1st SEEMP Interoperability Framework
• D51 (Coordinator): Requirements and Specifications Revision
• D53 (Contributor): Final SEEMP Interoperability Framework
• D71 (Contributor): Project Presentation
• D73 (Contributor): Exploitation and Dissemination Plan
• Project Management Reports
5.3.4. SemanticGov
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Providing integrated Public Services to Citizen at the National and Pan-
European level with the use of Emerging Semantic Web Technologies
SemanticGov
IST-FP6
SEE
Adrian Mocan
Ontologies, Developer tools, Discovery, Composition, Mediation,
Grounding, Reasoning, Storage
http://www.semantic-gov.org/
Senior Researchers:
Michal Zaremba
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian
Graham Hench
Mick Kerrigan
Adrian Mocan
Omair Shafiq
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Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Adina Sirbu
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
SemanticGov aims at building the infrastructure (software, models,
services, etc) necessary for enabling the offering of semantic web
services by public administration (PA). Through this cutting edge
infrastructure, SemanticGov will address longstanding challenges faced
by public administrations such as achieving interoperability amongst PA
agencies both within a country as well as amongst countries, easing the
discovery of PA services by its customers, facilitating the execution of
complex services often involving multiple PA agencies in
interworkflows.
Total: 32 per month: 1
Duration 36 months 01/06 – 12/08
Major tasks • WP3: Design of Semantic Web Service Architecture for
National and Pan-European e-Government services (second
highest involvement)
• WP5: Development of SWS Execution Environment for
Services (highest involvement, leaders of WP)
Deliverables • D3.1: SemanticGov Architecture v.1 - SEE Cluster
• D3.2: SemanticGov Architecture v.2 - SEE Cluster
• D3.3: Analysis of Mediator Requirements and Mediator
Implementation - SEE Cluster
• D5.1: Design and development of SemanticGov software
components v.1 - SEE Cluster
• D5.2: Design and development of SemanticGov software
components v.2 - SEE Cluster
5.3.5 SemBiz
Name
Semantic Business Process Management for flexible dynamic value
162

Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
chains
SemBiz
FIT-IT
SEE
Emilia Cimpian
Development of the Business Process Management Suite
http://www.sembiz.org/
Senior Researchers:
Michal Zaremba
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Duration
Major tasks
Deliverables
Students:
To be determined
Bridging the gap between the business level perspective and the
technical implementation level in Business Process Management (BPM)
by semantic descriptions of business processes along with respective
tool support.
74 1,5
24 months
WP1: Semantic Business Process Modeling Ontology
Lead:
WP1: Semantic Business Process Modeling Ontology
WP6: Dissemination
WP7: Project Management
5.3.6. SUPER Michal
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Semantics utilized for Process Management within and between
Enterprises
SUPER-Michal
IST-FP6
SEE
Michal Zaremba
163

Objective
Website
Team
Semantic Execution Environment
http://super.semanticweb.org/
Senior Researchers:
Michal Zaremba
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Junior Researchers:
Emilia Cimpian
Graham Hench
Mick Kerrigan
Adrian Mocaan
Students:
Thomas Haselwanter
The major objective of SUPER is to raise Business Process
Management (BPM) to the business level, where it belongs, from the IT
level where it mostly resides now. This objective requires that BPM is
accessible at the level of semantics of business experts. Semantic Web
and, in particular, Semantic Web Services (SWS) technology offer the
promise of integrating applications at the semantic level. By combining
SWS and BPM, and developing one consolidated technology SUPER
will create horizontal ontologies which describe business processes and
vertical telecommunications oriented ontologies to support domainspecific
annotation. Therefore this project aims at providing a semanticbased
and context-aware framework, based on Semantic Web Services
technology that acquires, organizes, shares and uses the knowledge
embedded in business processes within existing IT systems and
software, and within employees' heads, in order to make companies
more adaptive.
Total 86 Per month 2,5
Duration 36 months 04/06 – 03/09
Major tasks • WP4 BP Mediation
• WP5 Modeling Analysis Tools
• WP6 SBPM Execution Engine
• WP11 Community, Standards
• WP12 Dissemination (SEBIS and SEE contribute)
164

Deliverables
Lead:
• D6.3 Process Ontology Reasoner (SEE cluster)
• D12.3 Dissemination Strategy and SDK Activities (SEE cluster)
Contributions. All deliverables from the following workpackages:
• WP4 BP Mediation
• WP5 Modeling Analysis Tools
• WP6 SBPM Execution Engine
• WP11 Community, Standards
• WP12 Dissemination
5.3.7. TSC
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Triple Space Computing
TSC
FFG, FIT-IT
UBISERV
Reto Krummenacher
Storage
http://tsc.deri.at/
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Darko Anicic
Graham Hench
Reto Krummenacher
Omair Shafiq
Students:
Michael Luger
Mission The aim of the TSC project is to develop Triple Space Computing as
communication and coordination framework for Semantic Web and
Semantic Web services. The outcome of the TSC project will be a
generic framework and prototype implementation for a Triple Space
Computing environment.
person*mon Total 28 Per Month 1
ths budget
Duration 30 months 03/05 – 08/07
165

Major tasks • Mediation within Triple Space (TS)
• Querying of data - Discovery/Localization of TS
• Implementation of prototype
• Use Case: TS in respectively between WSMXs
• Design of Mediation and Query Engine
• Implementations
• WSMX integration of TS
Deliverables • D2.3 Mediation and Query Engine
• D3.3 Triple Storage Repository
• D3.4 Discovery and Mediation prototypes
• D4.1 Integration of WSMX and TSC
• D4.2 WSMX Triple Space prototype
• D6.3 Final Project Report
166

5.4. Staff
Here we discuss student, junior, and senior researchers of the SEE cluster.
5.4.1. Student Researchers
Student Researchers
Nr Name Supervisor
2 Thomas Haselwanter Michal
6 Mark Mattern Holger
5.4.2. Junior Researchers
Junior Researchers
No Name Objective
4 Emilia Cimpian Mediation
7 Graham Hench Reasoning
9 Zhou Jingtao
11 Mick Kerrigan Developer Tools
15 Adrian Mocan Mediation
21 Omair Shafiq Storage & Communication
23 Adina Sirbu Discovery
27 Zhixian Yan

5.4.2.1. Emilia Cimpian
Name
Emilia Cimpian
Entry date February 2006
Cluster Semantic Execution Environment - SEE
Objective Mediation
Projects So far I’ve been working on DIP. From now on I’ll be mainly
involved in SemBiz (coordination work) and Super, and also in other
projects coordinated by the SEE cluster if this will be required. I
don’t know yet in what deliverables I will be involved, since these
projects are going to start, or they started recently.
Research topic Going from the most general to the particular research topic, my
interests would be:
Semantic Web Services – of a particular interest for me is the SWS
interoperability, which is strongly dependent of how SWS interfaces
are represented. Two aspects of interest result from this: the
choreography and the orchestration. WSMO choreography being just
a particular representation of public processes, I’m trying to extend
my research to other business process representation languages as
well. The orchestration is also interested from the interoperability
point of view, but I haven’t invested too much time in finding good
solutions of how the orchestration can be represented.
Mediation Framework – developing a framework able to solve all
types of mismatches in a SWS environment is quite an interesting
challenge from my point of view (of course, the implementation of
such a framework is not a one man/woman task). WSMO mediators
provide conceptual support for doing this, although some of the
mediators are underspecified being still on-going work. Additionally
WSMX provides means for actually realizing the mediation service
for two particular levels (data and process), but these two prototypes
are offering partial support, for simple cases and they are not as easy
to use as they should be. A global mediation architecture, with
different execution semantics and different entry points would be, in
my opinion, the right solution for the problem (but these would mean
equivalent efforts as for WSMX itself).

Progress
towards PhD
Process Mediation – the main part of my research, a working
prototype operating on the choreographies of two participants in a
conversation. This prototype is able to solve a limited set of
behavioral mismatches and for now can operate only with two
choreographies. What I would consider a challenge is to extend it to
address more mismatches (still what and how is to be determined,
probably based on use-cases produced in different projects) and also
to allow the communication of multiple partners, not only two
(which may be useful for the actual orchestration of SWSs).
Implementation of Process Mediation – not robust and complex
enough, but still can be used as proof of concept for a PhD External
Supervisor: John Domingue Currently documenting for the State of
the Art section
Implementations Process Mediation prototype, available from downloading from:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wsmx/
Publications M Stollberg, E. Cimpian, A. Mocan, D. Fensel: A Semantic Web
Mediation Architecture, Canadian Semantic Web Working
Symposium 2006 (to appear)
E Cimpian, A. Mocan: WSMX Process Mediation Based on
Choreographies, 1st International Workshop on Web Service
Choreography and Orchestration for Business Process Management,
September 2005, Nancy, France.
E. Cimpian, M. Kerrigan: WSMX Process Mediation, Second
WSMO Implementation Workshop, June 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
(position paper).
A. Mocan, E. Cimpian: Mappings Creation Using a View Based
Approach, First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic
Web Services, December 2005, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
M. Stollberg, E. Cimpian, D. Fensel: Mediating Capabilities with
Delta-Relations, First International Workshop on Mediation in
Semantic Web Services, December 2005, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands.
E. Cimpian: Process Mediation Using Choreographies, CDH
Seminar, December 2005, Galway, Ireland.
A. Haller, E. Cimpian, A. Mocan, E. Oren, C. Bussler: WSMX - A
Semantic Service-Oriented Architecture, International Conference
on Web Services (ICWS 2005), 2005, Orlando, Florida, USA.
L. Vasiliu, S. Harand, E. Cimpian: The DIP Project: Enabling
Systems & Solutions for Processing Digital Content with Semantic
169

Web Services, European Workshop on the Integration of
Knowledge, Semantics and Digital Media Technology, November
2004, London, UK.
Adrian Mocan, Emilia Cimpian, Michal Zaremba, Christoph
Bussler: Mediation in Web Service Modeling Execution
Environment (WSMX), Information Integration on the Web
(iiWeb2004), August 2004, Toronto, Canada
170

5.4.2.2. Graham Hench
Name
Graham Hench
Entry date June 2005
Cluster SEE & “Reasoner Working Group”
Objective Reasoner Component – specifically maintaining/updating
wsml2reasoner
Projects SENSE – Project (at least DERI’s part) will begin this Friday
(7.4.06). DERI will be responsible for various tasks/deliverables
ranging from ontology engineering/developing, to implementing
basic reasoner functionalities to meet the project needs. DERI will
mainly contribute to the following WP, though is indeed involved in
almost every WP:
2 – “Ontology and Reasoner Development”
3 – “Multi-Agent System Development”
Personally, my specific contributions will focus on implementing the
reasoner functionalities.
Research topic
Progress
towards PhD
SUPER – Project began today (3.4.06) – DERI will contribute to
various WP, specifically:
1 – Project lead for D1.1 “Process Modeling Ontology” & D1.5
“Process Ontology Query Language”
5 – Project lead for D5.6 “Process Ontology Query Language Parser”
11 – Project lead for D11.2 “Setup SBPM Community Portal”
Personally, my specific contributions will again focus on
implementing the reasoner functionalities, namely development of a
process reasoner.
Will later contribute to TSC & TripCom
Currently, I am not a student – though my main research focus as of
recently is further developing an extendable and fully functional
WSML reasoner
Currently, I am not a PhD student because there are problems with
the approval of my foreign academic degree.
Implementations -Past/Completed –
-OMWG – Mediation Module
-Mapping API –
-Groundings
-Re-implemented Abstract Syntax export/serialization
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Publications
-Implemented WSML & OWL/RDF/XML
exports/serializations
-Documentation and further implementations
-Current/Future –
-Reasoner Component –
-wsml2reasoner- maintenance, unit tests, updates, and bug
fixes
-Adaptation of current wsml2reasoner to new reasoner
-Implementation of semi-naïve and dynamic filtering
evaluation algorithms for query answering
-SUPER –
-DERI Innsbruck representative for WP6 and leader for
deliverable 6.3, i.e. development and implementation of a
process ontology reasoner to enhance the execution engine
by allowing external querying of running process instances
-TSC –
-D4.2 – implementation of WSMX/TSC prototype
-SENSE –
-WP3 (Multi-Agent System Development) –
integration/implementation of Triple Space
-Contribute to WP2 (Ontology and Reasoner Development),
WP4 (Semantic Façade Design), WP5 (System
Integration), & WP6 (Verification & Testing)
Extensive proofreading and editorial contributions
Planned publications:
• ESWC 2007 - Paper submission on IRIS implementation and
implementation support
• SEnSE dissemination - Reasoning within semanticallyenabled
multi- agent systems
• SUPER dissemination - Process Ontology Reasoning for
SBPM
172

5.4.2.3. Zhou Jingtao
Name
Jingtao Zhou
Entry date December 2006
Cluster Semantic Execution Environment - SEE
Objective Semantic Mediation and Integration
Projects By now, I have taken part in several projects working as from
programmer, system analyst, technical leader and project manager.
These projects include “Semantic Integration of Enterprise
Heterogenous Data Sources based on Semantic Web”, “Semantic and
Model Based Integration of Enterprise Heterogenous Data Sources
(http://aame.nwpu.edu.cn/smi/)”, “Information Sharing and
Visualization Technologies for Network Product Development”,
“Computer Aided Man-hour Rationing System for Mould and
Fixture Apparatus”, ”Web-based Products Information Sharing &
Visualization System”, and “Computer Aided Process Planning and
Information Management System for Machining Parts”.
Research topic I have a fierce interest in developing new generation technologies of
information mediation, integration and management for enterprises
by undertaking the intersection research of semantic web, peer-topeer,
web service and grid computing technologies.
Progress
towards
PhD/Habil
Implementations Semantic and Model Based Integration prototype,
http://aame.nwpu.edu.cn/smi/
Publications Edited Books
Zhou Jingtao, Zhao Han, Wang Kefei, et al, (eds), “Complete
Handbook for Eclipse”, Publishing House of Electronics Industry,
2006
Papers (In English)
Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Han Zhao
“Semantic Integration of Enterprise Information: Challenges and
Basic Principles”, the First Asia Semantic Web Conference (ASWC
2006), LNCS 4185, pp. 219 – 233, 2006.
Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Han Zhao “XML-
RDB Driven Semi-Structure Data Management”, Journal of
Information and computing Science, 2006 (Accepted)
Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Han Zhao

“Enterprise Information Integration: State Of The Art and Technical
Challenges”, PROgraming LAnguages for MAchine Tools
conference, China, 2006 (Accepted)
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, Shusheng Zhang, Han Zhao “SGII:
Combining P2P Data Integration Paradigm and Semantic Web
Technology On Top Of OGSA-DAI”, CCGrid 2006 – IEEE/ACM
International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid 2006,
Singapore, May 2006
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “Semi-Structure Data Management by
Bi-Directional Integration between XML and RDB”, The 10th
International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
in Design May 3-5, 2006, Nanjing, P.R. China
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “Semantic Enterprise Information
Integration”, ICEIS 2006 – 8th International Conference on
Enterprise Information Systems, Paphos – Cyprus, May 2006
(accepted)
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “ESD: Enterprise Semantic Desktop“,
International Workshop on Web-based Internet Computing for
Science and Engineering (WBICSE'06), APWeb 2006, LECTURE
NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol.3842, pp: 943 – 946, 2006
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “Semantic-Grid-Enabled Peer-To-
Peer Framework for Enterprise Information Integration“,
International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacture,
January 2006
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “Catching Concepts From Databases
by Schema-Based Column Matching and Clustering“, International
Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacture, January 2006
Jingtao Zhou, Mingwei Wang, “Semantic Desktop Data Grid:
Towards Integration and Coordination of both Organizational and
Personal Information on Top of P2P Semantic Grid“, SWAP 2005
(Semantic Web Applications and Perspectives), 2nd Italian Semantic
Web Workshop Trento, Faculty of Economics, 14-15-16 December,
2005 (accepted paper)
Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, Han Zhao, Mingwei Wang, “SGII:
Towards Semantic Grid-based Enterprise Information Integration“,
The 4th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative
Computing, LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 3795,
pp: 560 - 565, 2005
174

Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Han Zhao, et al,
“Concept Capture Based On Column Matching and Clustering“.
IEEE Computer Society, 1st International Conference on Semantics,
Knowledge and Grid, BeiJing, 2005
Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhangg, Mingwei Wang, Peng Li, Han
Zhao, Chao Zhang, Xiaofeng Dong, Kefei Wang, “Element
Matching by Concatenating Lingistic-based Matchers and
Constraint-based Matcher“, The 17th IEEE International Conference
on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), IEEE Computer
Society, Hong Kang, pp: 265-269, 2005
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, et al, “An XML-based
schema translation method for relational data sharing and
exchanging“, The 8th International Conference on Computer
Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD 2004), Vol.1,
pp:714-717, 2004
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, et al, “An XML-
Based Architecture for Semantic Integration of Heterogeneous
Relational Databases“, Proceeding of International Workshop on
Grid and Cooperative Computing, Sanya, China, pp:465-474, Dec
2002
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, et al, “Constraints
Preserving Mapping from Relational Schema to XML-Schema“, In
Proceeding of 8th Joint International Computer Conference, Ningbo,
China, pp:60-65, Nov 2002
Mingwei Wang, Shusheng Zhang, Jingtao Zhou, Han Zhao, An
Architecture of Semantic Desktop Data Grid, The 10th International
Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design
May 3-5, 2006, Nanjing, P.R. China (accepted)
Mingwei Wang, Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, “A Model for
Resolving Semantic Conflicts in Collaborative Design“, Proceedings
of the International conference on Advanced Design and
Manufacture 8-10 January, 2006, Harbin, China
Mingwei Wang, Jingtao Zhou, Shusheng Zhang, “Multi-Agent Based
Cooperative Knowledge Based Engineering Framework“,
Proceedings of the International conference on Advanced Design and
Manufacture 8-10 January, 2006, Harbin, China
175

Sun Hongwei, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao et al, “XQuery-to-SQL
Translating Algorithm with Little Dependence on Schema Mapping
Between XML and RDB“, The Eight International Conference on
CSCW in Design, Xiamen, China, Vol.1, pp: 526-531, May 26-28,
2004
Sun Hongwei, Zhang ShuSheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “The Threetired
Bi-directional Integration between XML and RDB“, Proceeding
of the 8th Joint International Computer Conference, Ningbo, China,
pp: 87-91, Nov 2002
Sun Hongwei, Zhang ShuSheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “An XML-to-
RDB Independent Translating Algorithm from XQuery to SQL“,
Proceeding of 8th Joint International Computer Conference, Ningbo,
China, pp:562-566, Nov 2002
Sun Hongwei, Zhang ShuSheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “Mapping
XML-Schema to Relational Schema“, LECTURE NOTES IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE, Vol.2510, pp:322-329, October 2002
Sun Hongwei, Zhang ShuSheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “Constraintspreserving
Mapping Algorithm from XML-Schema to Relational
Schema“, LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE,Vol.2480,
pp:193-207, Sep.2002
Papers (In Chinese)
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Zhao Han, Wang Mingwei, Zhang
Chao, Wang Kefei, Dong Xiaofeng, “Semantic Model-based Bus
Architecture for Enterprise Information Integration”, Jisuanji Jicheng
Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems-CIMS,
2006 (to appear)
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Dong XiaoFeng, Wang Kefei, Zhao
Han, Zhang Chao, “Service Oriented Semantic Navigation of
Enterprise Data“, Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer
Integrated Manufacturing Systems-CIMS, Vol.11, No.9: 1333-
1339+1350, 2005
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Wang Mingwei, “New Semanticbased
Work Model for Collaborative Engineering“, Computer
Engineering, Vol.31, No.13: 24-26,2005
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Wang Mingwei, Sun Hongwei, He
176

Yanli, Gao Junjie, “A Method for Merging XML Schema Based
Heterogeneous Resource Databases “, Mechanical Science and
Technology, Vol.23, No.5: 627-630,2004
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, Wang Mingwei,
“XML-based Schema Translation Method for Relational Data
Sharing and Exchanging“, Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer
Integrated Manufacturing Systems-CIMS, Vol.9, n SUPPL: 127-
129+135, 2003
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang shushing, Wang Jian, Yang Bailong, Wang
Mingwei, He Yanli, “A STEP-based Method for Product
Information Organization Under IIE Circumstance“, Computer
Engineering and Applications, Vol.39, No.17: 11-13, 2003
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, Wang Mingwei, “A
New Translation Algorithm Based on Constraints-Preserved
Mapping from Relational Schema to XML Schema“, Journal of
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Vol.21, No.3: 373-376, 2003
Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Sun Hongwei, Li Rong, Wang
Mingwei, Wang He, “Study and Implementation of Extensible Limit
Deviation Automatic Labeling System“, Mechanical Science and
Technology, Vol.22, No.2: 312-314, 2003
Wang Mingwei, Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, “A Multi-Agent
Based Cooperative Knowledge Based Engineering Framework“,
Application Research of Computers, September 2006
Wang Mingwei, Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Chen Yaqi, “Active
Information Sharing System Framework Based On Workflow“,
Manufacturing Automation, February 2006
Zhao Han, Zhou Jingtao, Zhang Shusheng, Zhang Chao, “Semantic
Model Construction Method for Heterogeneous Database
Integration“, Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated
Manufacturing Systems-CIMS, 2006 (to appear)
Zhu Lixin, Zhou Jingtao, Gao Junjie, Zhang Shusheng, “A Study on
the Development of Man-hour Ration Based on Artificial Neural
Networks”, Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol.23, No.6:702-
704+747, 2004
Zhang Chao, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “A Semantic Modeling
Approach for Heterogeneous Data based Protégé Knowledge
Model“, Computer Engineering and Applications, December 2006
177

(to appear)
Zhang Chao, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “A Requirement
Driven Approach for Building Semantic Model, Application
Research Of Computers“, May 2006 (to appear)
Liu Dongjun, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “Research and
application on the ontology exchange based on PSL“, Machinery
Design & Manufacturing, No.10: 81-83, 2005
Dong Xiaofeng, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, Zhao Han, Feng
Yun, Tian Zhanqiang, “Semantic Query of Enterprise Data Base on
Semantic Model”, Application Research Of Computers, November
2006 (to appear)
Sun Hongwei, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, Wang, Jing,
“XQuery-to-SQL translation with little dependence on schema
mapping between XML and RDB“, Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu
Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and
Computer Graphics, Vol.16, No.9: 1301-1306, 2004
Sun Hongwei, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, Wang, Jing, Zhao
Han, “Synchronized Update in Data Integration Between XML and
RDB Source“, Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Vol.22, No.3: 333-337, 2004
Li Peng, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “Research on the
Information Share of Product’s 3D-Model Based on the Web“,
Computer Engineering and Applications, Vol.40, No.13: 46-48, 2004
Sun Hongwei, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, Wang Jing, “Three-
Tier Bi-Directional Data Integration Between XML(eXtensible
Markup Language) and RDB(Relational Data Base)“, Xibei Gongye
Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,
Vol.21, No.5: 511-514, 2003
Li Peng, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “Group technology applied
in CAMRS System, Computer Applications“, Vol.23, No.6: 42-43,
2003
Sun Hongwei, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, et al, “Bi-directional
Mapping Between XML and Database Based on Model-drive“,
Computer Engineering and Applications, Vol.38, No.4:25-27, 2002
Gao Junjie, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “Application of Hybrid
Reasoning Method In Computer-Aided Ration of Man Hour and
178

Tools“, Computer Applications, Vol.22, No.12: 37-40, 2002
Gao Junjie, Zhang Shusheng, Zhou Jingtao, “The Design and
Implement of the Intelligent Decision Support for CAMRS System“,
The Place of Science and Technology for Postgraduate,
Northwestern Polytechnical University Publication, 2002
Li Rong, Zhang Shushen, Zhou Jingtao, “Research on Dimension
Verification between Part Process Drawing and Design Drawing“,
Journal Of Engineering Graphics, Vol.23, No.2:18-22, 2002
He Yanli, Yang Haicheng, He Weiping, Zhou Jingtao, “Information
Query for Manufacturing Oriented Resources: Acknowledged Based
Approach“, Computer Engineering & Science, Vol.26, No.6: 77-80,
2004
He Yanli, Yang Haicheng, He Weiping, Zhou Jingtao, “Knowledge
Integration for Information Integration“, Computer Engineering and
Applications, Vol.39, No.4: 38-41, 2003
179

5.4.2.4. Mick Kerrigan
Name
Mick Kerrigan
Entry date February 2006
Cluster SEE
Objective Component Leader for Developer Tools Box and co-component
leader for discovery box.
Projects Project: SEEMP
Role: LFUI Project Coordinator, WP3 Leader, Contributor to
deliverables
Deliverables: D21 (Contributor): Semantic and Technical Aspects in
e-Gov Software Development
D31 (Coordinator): SEEMP Platform Specifications
D41 (Contributor): SEEMP Components Design
D43 (Contributor): 1st SEEMP Interoperability
Framework
D51 (Coordinator): Requirements and Specifications
Revision
D53 (Contributor): Final SEEMP Interoperability
Framework
D71 (Contributor): Project Presentation
D73 (Contributor): Exploitation and Dissemination
Plan
Project Management Reports
Project: OntoStar
Role: LFUI Coordinator
Deliverables: None
Project: SystemOne
Role: LFUI Coordinator
Deliverables: None
Research topic
Project: OASIS SEE TC
Role: TC Secretary
Deliverables: Admin Work, Case Studies and Architecture document
My research to this date with DERI (in Galway) has focused on
development of tools that aid in the adoption of technologies like

WSMO, WSML and WSMX. At this point this is still my focus and
my current project work is reflecting this (It would appear that the
LFUI effort in the SEEMP project will focus on enhancing our
tools). My aim is that over the next 4 – 6 months to extending the
WSMT into a heavily featured toolkit for WSMO, WSML, WSMX,
IRSIII and WSDL by using my own skills and those of the other
contributors in the “Developer Tools” box, namely Jan Henke,
Adrian Mocan, Martin Tanler, Thomas Haselwanter and Nathalie
Steinmetz, as well as other resources from other institutes, for
example Barry Norton from Open University. More specifically this
research focuses on identifying the requirements that ontology
engineers have, whether they are advanced users who want to be
hands on with the raw syntax or more beginner users who need to be
guided through the process in a more graphical way. Once these
requirements are identified my focus is on implementing these
solutions in the most usable way possible. Thus the aim is to provide
high-quality tools that can be used by users of all competency levels.
As part of this research I also want to look at current mechanisms for
quantitatively analysing the usability of tools (I intend to use Jan as a
spring board for this research as I believe he has done a lot of work
in this area). This research will include applying these techniques to
the WSMT, specifically to analyse how much easier it is to build
semantic descriptions using WSMT over tools like WSMO Studio,
Onto Studio, and Protégé.
Progress
towards PhD
I am also contributing to the discovery box where my current aim is
to try and look at how users do, should and need to model web
services (and goals) in WSMO, in order to achieve goal based
discovery of web services, so that we can feed this information back
into the design phase. More generally this research interest extends
itself in the direction of potentially providing a set of “best practices”
for creating WSMO ontologies, web services, goals and mediators,
using the WSML language and supporting these best practices
through the developer tools.
As I have only been in DERI Innsbruck for a very small period of
time and I have only just completed my Masters Thesis, I have not
given the topic a huge amount of thought yet. My current plans are to
continue working in the Developer Tools research area, actively
looking for a good thesis topic, while also reading around the other
“boxes” to see what interests me.
Some of the crazy thesis ideas:
1) Extension of WSMOViz: further research into how to best
represent WSMO choreographies, orchestrations and logical
181

expressions graphically. Further research into how to improve
the graph scalability problem while still showing all the
complexities in the visualization, is also possible.
2) WSML Instance Store: provide a tool for extracting WSMO
ontologies from database schemas and creating database
schemas from WSMO ontologies. The mappings created to
do this can then be used for runtime extraction of WSMO
Instances from an underlying relational database. I know
some research has been done on this in the past for other
ontology languages and certainly some research on previous
efforts would be needed first.
3) WSMX Selection: At the end of last year I wrote a paper
entitled “Web Service Selection Mechanisms in the Web
Service Execution Environment (WSMX)” which I will
present at the Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC) later
in April 2006. This paper outlines a number of selection
mechanisms for WSMX, automatic, semi-automatic and
manual that use non-functional properties along with some
group collaborative filtering techniques to provide a ranking
over the web services returned by discovery.
4) Web Service Monitoring in WSMX: This falls into a similar
category as the previous thesis idea but looks more at the
mechanisms and key performance indications for monitoring
the process of invoking a web service as WSMX performs the
invocation. This monitoring then allows for the nonfunctional
properties of the web service description to be
automatically maintained by WSMX (as obviously a web
service cannot be trusted to provide reliable information on
its own availability, scalability etc.).
So in short I have not got a clue yet ☺.
Implementations Web Services Modeling Toolkit v0.1 to v0.3 (Java swing version)
Publications
Web Services Modeling Toolkit v1.0 to v1.2 (Eclipse based)
including plugins:
- WSML Plug-in
- WSML Text Editor Plug-in
- WSML Vizualizer Plug-in
- Abstract Mapping Language Plug-in
- Abstract Mapping Language Text Editor Plug-in
- WSMX Management Plug-in
Papers
182

Xia Wang, Tomas Vitvar, Mick Kerrigan and Ioan Toma: A QoS
aware Selection Model for Semantic Web Services, Proceedings of
the 4th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing
(ICSOC), December, 2006, Chicago, USA (Awaiting Publication)
Adrian Mocan, Emilia Cimpian and Mick Kerrigan: A Formal Model
for Ontology Mapping Creation, Proceedings of the 5th International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), November 2006, Athens,
Georgia, USA (Awaiting Publication)
Mick Kerrigan: WSMOViz: An Ontology Visualization Approach
for WSMO, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Information Visualization (IV), July, 2006, London, England
Mick Kerrigan: Web Service Selection Mechanisms in the Web
Service Execution Environment (WSMX), Proceedings of the 21st
Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Apr, 2006,
Dijon, France
Tomas Vitvar, Mick Kerrigan, Arnold van Overeem, Vassilios
Peristeras and Konstantinos Tarabanis: Infrastructure for the
Semantic Pan-European E-government Services, Proceedings of the
2006 AAAI Spring Symposium on The Semantic Web meets
eGovernment (SWEG), Mar, 2006, Stanford University, California,
USA
Mick Kerrigan: The Need for a Manual Web Service Selection
Mechanism in the Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX),
Proceedings of the 1st CIMRU, DERI, HP Research Seminar (CDH),
Dec, 2005, Galway, Ireland
Mick Kerrigan: The WSML Editor Plug-in to the Web Services
Modeling Toolkit, Proceedings of the 2nd WSMO Implementation
Workshop (WIW), Jun, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
Emilia Cimpian and Mick Kerrigan: WSMX Process Mediation,
Proceedings of the 2nd WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW),
Jun, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
Book Chapters
Michal Zaremba, Mick Kerrigan, Adrian Mocan and Matt Moran:
Web Services Modeling Ontology. In: Jorge Cardoso and Amit Sheth
(eds.) Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications.
Theses
183

Mick Kerrigan (Masters Thesis), WSMOViz: An Ontology
Visualization Approach for the Web Service Modeling Ontology
(WSMO), National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), March,
2006
Mick Kerrigan (Bachelors Thesis), I-Spy A 2nd Generation Meta
Search Engine, University College Dublin (UCD), April, 2001
Tutorials
Liliana Cabral, Mick Kerrigan and Maciej Zaremba: Semantic Web
Service Systems, European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC),
June, 2006, Budva, Montenegro
Mick Kerrigan, Adrian Mocan and Michal Zaremba: Applying
Semantics to Service Oriented Architecture, OASIS Symposium
"The Meaning of Interoperability" May, 2006, San Francisco,
California, USA
Semantic Web Service Systems and Tools, 4th International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), Nov, 2005, Galway, Ireland
Posters/Demos
Jos de Bruijn and Mick Kerrigan: Tools for the Web Services
Modeling Language (WSML), International Conference on Rules
and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (RuleML), Nov,
2005, Galway, Ireland
184

5.4.2.5. Adrian Mocan
Name
Adrian Mocan
Entry date February 2006
Cluster Semantic Execution Environment – SEE
Objective - Data Mediation - Leader
- Developer Tools - Leading the work on the Ontology Mapping
Plug-in
Projects 1 SemanticGov (FP6-2004-IST-4-027517)
The main workpackages DERI Innsbruck is involved are starting
only in the second half of 2006. As I am the responsible person from
DERI Innsbruck side in this project I will probably be involved in
most of them (at least for coordination purposes). Please finnd a least
tasks and deliverables in this workpackages below:
Tasks
- Task 3.1 Application of WSM* to SemanticGov services version 1
- Task 3.2 Development of Mediator Support version 1
- Task 3.3 Application of WSM* to SemanticGov services version 2
- Task 3.4 Development of Mediator Support version 2
- Task 5.1 Design of the SemanticGov software components
- Task 5.2 Implementation of the SemanticGov software components
v1
- Task 5.3 Implementation of the SemanticGov software components
v2
Deliverables
- D3.1 SemanticGov Architecture v.1
- D3.2 SemanticGov Architecture v.2
- D3.3 Analysis of Mediator Requirements and Mediator
Implementation
- D5.1 Design and development of SemanticGov software
components v.1
- D5.2 Design and development of SemanticGov software
components v.2
Tasks
- Task 2.4.13 Data Mediation in Semantic Web Services
185

Research topic
Deliverables
- D2.4.13. Data Mediation in Semantic Web Services (report +
prototype)
My research work has taken place so far in the context of Semantic
Web Services. I was actively involved in WSMX design and
development even from the beginning of this working group. My
interests in WSMX are related to integration problems (data and
process mediation, lifting and lowering, grounding) as well as in
work-flow related aspects (choreography and orchestration). As
WSMX is a reference implementation for WSMO, another point of
interest for me is to keep an eye on the conceptual work done in
WSMO as well as on the development of WSML.
Out of the research work done in WSMX (or SEE), Service Oriented
Architecture has become as well an appealing research topic for me.
In the last couples of months through the OASIS SEE TC,
SemanticGov project and the SEE cluster in general, I was involved
in the work regarding on Semantic Service Oriented Architecture (or
Semantic Enabled Service Architecture - SESA). This work tries to
give shape to a new architecture that fully benefits of the advantages
of the semantics and fully exploits the best practices coming from
industry.
While the research interests presented above define the context in
which I carry on my work, my main interest, and the one my PhD
thesis will be based upon, is Data Mediation. Data mediation has
been a well explored area (e.g. in the data base communities) but in
the context of Semantic Web and Semantic Web services it brings
new challenges as well as new opportunities.
Data heterogeneity remains a problem even in the context of
Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services. That is, different
conceptualization of the same domain (i.e. ontologies) might be used
in describing the data used by various parties, making the
interchange of such data impossible. In this context, the advantage
compared with previous attempts in solving data mismatches is that
ontologies better described the data to be mediated. As such, the
ontologies offer the means to solve the heterogeneity problems at the
schema level and to use the bindings on the actual data during runtime
processes. The schema mapping process can fully benefit from
the semantic descriptions present in the ontologies, transforming a
manual and error-prone task, in a semi-automatic (machine assisted)
or even an automatic one.
As presented above this work is been carried out as part of WSMX.
The main requirement of such a component is to automatically
perform semantic transformations of the incoming data from a form
of representation used by the source in the representation required by
the target. Due to the fact that this mediation scenario is performed in
186

Progress
towards PhD
semantic environment, one of the main assumptions was that all the
data passed through the system is semantically described. From a
more technical point of view, this means that data to be mediated is
represented by instances of the ontology used by the source party and
accordingly, the mediated data would be expressed in terms of the
target ontology.
Another element that influenced the design decisions of WSMX Data
mediation component has been the business orientation of the
framework: WSMX has intended to act in a business environment
and all the outputs of the framework in general and of its components
in particular are expected to be 100% accurate. As a consequence,
the output of the data mediator have to be correct and in concordance
with users expectations. The data mediation in WSMX includes two
phases: a design-time and a run-time phase. The design-time phase
deals with finding and resolving the mismatches between the
ontologies used to describe the exchanged data, while the run-time
phase uses these findings in performing the actual transformation on
the data. The first phase is covered by a semi-automatic mapping tool
that allows the domain expert to create mappings between ontologies
and to make them available for further usages. The mapping tool is a
semi-automatic one because it assists the human domain expert in his
work by offering suggestion and guidance in obtaining the desired
result. The second phase is performed by the actual WSMX Data
Mediation component that uses the mappings created during designtime
and apply them on the incoming data. Such an approach assures
that as long as correct mappings are available data mediation can be
automatically and correctly performed inside the WSMX framework.
The thesis focuses on a set of strategies and enhancements of the
classical approach towards ontology mapping tools and run-time
mediation components. It also proposes a formal model that unites
the conceptual models of the design-time and run-time tools,
improving and making more explicit the process of translating the
domain expert inputs (placed in a graphical interface) to the logical
formalism that is to be executed by the run-time tool.
Most of the work I have done in this direction, is captured in the
implementation of the graphical mapping tool or of the run-time
component. Still, there are project deliverables and publications
(unfortunately more deliverables and less publications) that give a
conceptual overview of this work. Those deliverables and
publications will represent a starting point for the actual content of
the thesis document.
The first cut of the formal model has been finished but it still has to
be extended and fully synchronized with the conceptual model
behind the design-time and run-time mediation solutions. Another
important point is to concretely prove the usefulness of this formal
model, other then validation of and aws detection in the conceptual
187

model of this mediation solution.
The list below summarizes the work-status of the three main aspects
presented above:
- Early work on state of the art
- Scattered documentation and conceptual level descriptions
- Quite well advance implementation but no evaluation yet
- First cut of the formal model; it still needs a better motivation and
to be further extended
Implementations WSMT Ontology Mapping Tool - available at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wsmt
Publications
WSMX Data Mediation Component - available at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wsmx
Book Chapters
Michal Zaremba, Matthew Moran, Adrian Mocan, Emilia Cimpian,
Mick Kerrigan: Web Service Modeling Ontology. In Cardoso, J. and
Amit Sheth (eds.), Semantic Web Services, Processes and
Applications, 2006, Springer, ISBN: 0-38730239-5
Dimitru Roman, Jos de Bruijn, Adrian Mocan, Ioan Toma, Holger
Lausen, Jacek Kopecky, Dieter Fensel, John Domingue, Stefania
Galizia, Liliana Cabral: Semantic Web Services - Approaches and
Perspectives. In J. Davies, P. Warren, and R. Studer (eds.), Semantic
Web Technologies: Trends and Research in Ontology-based
Systems, June, 2006.
Workshop and Conference Papers
T. Vitvar, A. Mocan, V. Peristeras. Pan-European E-Government
Services on the Semantic Web Services, Workshop on E-
Government: Barriers and Opportunities, May 2006, Edinburgh,
Scotland
M. Stollberg, E. Cimpian, A. Mocan, D. Fensel. A Semantic Web
Mediation Architecture. Canadian Semantic Web Working
Symposium (CSWWS 2006), June 2006, Québec city, Canada
A. Mocan, E. Cimpian. Mapping Creation Using a View Based
Approach. 1 st International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic
Web Services (Mediate 2005), December 2005, Amsterdam,
Netherlands
E. Cimpian, A. Mocan. WSMX Process Mediation Based on
Choreographies. 1 st International Workshop on Web Service
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Choreography and Orchestration for Business Process Management
(BPM 2005), September 2005, Nancy, France
K. Verma, A. Mocan, M. Zaremba, A. Sheth, J. A. Miller: Linking
Semantic Web Service Efforts, In Proceedings of the ICWS 2005
Second International Workshop on Semantic and Dynamic Web
Processes (SDWP 2005). Orlando, Florida, 2005.
A. Haller, E. Cimpian, A. Mocan, E. Oren, C. Bussler. WSMX - A
Semantic Service-Oriented Architecture, International Conference on
Web Services (ICWS 2005), 12-15 July, 2005, Orlando, Florida,
USA
M. Moran, A. Mocan. Towards Translating between XML and
WSML based on mappings between XML Schema and an equivalent
WSMO Ontology. 2nd WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW
2005), 6-7th June, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria
M. Moran, M. Zaremba, A. Mocan and C. Bussler. Using WSMX to
bind Requester & Provider at Runtime when Executing Semantic
Web services, In Proceedings of the 1st WSMO Implementation
Workshop (WIW2004). Frankfurt, Germany, 2004.
Posters
M. Moran, A. Mocan. WSMX – An Architecture for Semantic Web
Service Discovery, Mediation and Invocation. 3rd International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2004), 7-11 November 2004,
Hiroshima, Japan
A. Mocan, M. Zaremba; Mediation in Web Service Modeling
Execution Environment (WSMX), Information Integration on the
Web Workshop (iiWeb2004), Conference on Very Large Data Bases
VLDB2004, August 2004.
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5.4.2.6. Omair Shafiq
Name
Omair Shafiq
Entry Date January 2006
Cluster Semantic Executive Environment - SEE
Objective Storage & Communication
Projects TSC Project – Past and Current Work
Work Package 1 – TSC Framework
D1.3: Specification of Mediation, Discovery and Data Models for
Triple Space
Computing
T1.3: Specify how discovery and mediation works in TSC
Work Package 2 – Interoperability and Architecture
D2.3: Design of Mediation and Query Engine components for
Triple Spaces
T2.1: Design of the mediation and query engine components.
T2.3: Overall Architecture Design.
Work Package 4 – Case Study / Application of TSC in WSMX
(leading the work package)
D4.1: Integration of WSMX and TSC
T4.1: Define the integration of WSMX in Triple Space Computing
and vice versa
D4.2: WSMX/TSC Prototype
T4.2: Develop a WSMX Triple Space prototype
T4.3: Evaluation and Validation of TSC technologies
TripCom Project – Future work (as TripCom project starts)
Work Package 2 - Triple Space Knowledge Representation
D2.1: Representing RDF semantics in tuples
T1.1: Specification of representation of RDF triple semantics in
tuples
D2.2: Specification of Triple Space ontology
T2.2: Specification of representation of Triple Spaces through an
ontology

Work Package 4 - Triple Space and Semantic Web services
D4.1: Architectural integration of triple spaces with web service
infrastructures
T4.1: Deployment of Web service infrastructure in a Triple Space
D4.2: TripCom Grounding for Semantic Web Services
T4.2: Mapping of Web service communication into a Triple Space
D4.3: Methodology for adopting Semantic Web Services in a
Triple Space environment
T4.5: Analysis of approaches for the mapping of data, message,
and protocol mediation in a Triple Space
T4.3: Implementation of Web service registry mechanisms in a
Triple Space
D4.4: Methodology for augmenting Semantic Web Services with
WS-* standards
T4.4: Analysis of WS-* standards and how they map into a Triple
Space
environment
D4.5: Triple Space integration with respect to WSMX (a semantic
web services
platform)
T4.6: Integration and evaluation of Triple Space within WSMX
Work Package 5 - Security and Trust
D5.1: Requirement analysis and state-of-the-art
T5.1: Requirement analysis and state-of-the-art of Web security
and trust in distributed systems
D5.2: Definition of security and trust support model for the
reference architecture.
T5.2: Definition of security and trust support model for the Triple
Space.
Work Package 6 - Triple Space Architecture and Component
Integration
D6.2: Triple Space reference architecture.
T6.2: Identification of all components of the architecture including
requirements on and responsibilities of the components
D6.3: Platform API specification for interaction between all
components.
T6.3: Evaluation, selection and definition of necessary extensions
of existing space middleware technologies
Grisino Project – Future work (as a part of M12 of the project,
September/October
Work Package 3 – Semantic Web Services and Grid
D3.2: Design and Specification of Integrated Services (SWS and
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Research topic
Grid Services)
T3.1: Survey and gathering of requirements for SWS and Grid
based infrastructure
The main focus of my research topic is to fulfill requirements of
TSC, TripCom and Grisino projects along with the WSMX/SEE
development plan, details given in section 1.1. Along with this, I am
also working on related ideas, details given in section 1.2, 1.3 and
1.4.
1.1 Triple Space Computing for WSMX (Projects: TSC and
TripCom)
The Triple Space Computing has been realized as a middleware for
communication and coordination middleware for different semantic
web applications using RDF triples. Aim of my research is to use the
Triple Space Computing middleware (we call Triple Space Kernel)
for communication and coordination in Web Service Execution
Environment (WSMX). It will address several issues that how and
where exactly the TSC Kernel should be accommodated in the
WSMX and then used for communication and coordination within
the platform services of one WSMX node and for different WSMX
nodes forming a WSMX cluster.
1.1.1 For communication and coordination within a WSMX
In order to encapsulate Triple Space Kernel inside WSMX, a number
of issues are needed to be solve, i.e. (1) RDF storage in the Resource
Manager of WSMX, (2) Interfacing Triple Space Kernel with
Resource Manager to provide persistent storage of triples, (3)
Interfacing Triple Space Kernel with Execution Manager (WSMX
core) to enable it manage the other WSMX components (platform
services) communication via triple space and (4) Interfacing Triple
Space Kernel with Communication Manger to provide triple space
grounding for communication and coordination of service requestors
with WSMX via triple space.
1.1.2 For communication and coordination of multiple
interconnected WSMX nodes forming a WSMX cluster
The next step after encapsulating Triple Space Kernel in WSMX is to
enable coordination of different TS Kernels (using extended CORSO
as TS-CORSO) to realize inter WSMX communication and
coordination to form a WSMX cluster to support distributed service
discovery, selection, composition etc. Different Triple Space Kernels
residing in each WSMX node will coordinate with other kernels
(using its coordination layer) to provide a single virtual space for
different WSMX nodes to communicate with each other and in
asynchronous manner thus helps decoupling the components with
reference to time, space and location.
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1.2 Potential of W in Grid Computing for Semantic Grid
(Projects: Grisino)
The aim of this research is to show the viability of Semantic Web
Services and Triple Space Computing to realize the Semantic Grid
vision and fulfill its core requirements, i.e. (1) Dynamic formation
and management of Virtual Organizations, (2) Service negotiation
and contract formation, (3) Metadata and semantic annotation and (4)
Communication infrastructure for semantics in Grid.
The goal to find out conceptual correlation between WSMO/L/X and
OGSA and its concrete realization by comparing and relating WSMX
with Grid Toolkits (i.e. Globus Grid Toolkit) to make them stand
together.
Moreover, Triple Space Computing is not just limited to Semantic
Web Services, but also for Semantic Grid due to some similarity in
the nature of requirements of both.
1.3 Software Agents interoperation with Semantic Web Services
In context of recent updates in roadmap of Software Agents
community to adapt Web standards, the aim of this research is to
align Software Agents and Multi Agent Systems specifications with
that of Semantic Web Services as Software Agents are being
foreseen as potential user of Semantic Web Services in order to
interact with semantic descriptions of SWS to autonomously
discover, select, compose, invoke and execute the services based on
user requirements. The goal is to fulfill a communication gap among
both by making Multi Agent Systems adapt SWS standards. The
even more important goal is to come up an EU or Austrian funding
proposal out of it by proposing a roadmap to achieve this, i.e. an
initial proposition of set of tasks at work package level could be (1)
Requirements specifications, (2) Conceptual Analysis of both
(Software Agents and Semantic Web Services), (3) Design and
specification of SWS and MAS Interoperability Architecture, (4)
Prototype Implementation, (5) Case Study for Software Agents
interaction with Semantic Web Services and (6) Project
dissemination and management plans.
Progress
towards PhD
1.4 A Geographical Monitoring Service for Web Service Monitoring
Execution Environment
It is a short term research where I intend to supervise a UIBK UG
student (if allowed to do so) to develop a “geographical monitoring
service for WSMX” which monitors and visualizes monitoring
information of inter WSMX communication of multiple
interconnected WSMX nodes deployed widely across the globe.
I am in the initial phase of my PhD where my goal is to learn and
familiarize myself as much as possible with the WSMO/L/X
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concepts and technologies (which can be considered as literature
review).
In order to make my literature review useful for on-going activities in
DERI and specifically SEE cluster, I
• Identified viability of the Triple Space Computing in
Semantic Grid research, paper in 3 rd Semantic Grid
Workshop at Global Grid Forum 16 (GGF).
• With the discussions and inputs from all SEE members,
carried out a detailed comparison of WSMX with OWL-S
execution environments and prepared a conference
publication out of it which is under review at ASWC 2006.
• Contributed in writing a book chapter with other SEE
members to provide WSMX/SEE components functionality
definitions and details.
• Contributing in Execution Semantics deliverable of OASIS
SEE Technical Committee along with members from Open
University and DERI Galway.
My area of contribution in SEE research and development plan (as
being SEE cluster member and being involved in TSC and TripCom
projects) is to provide WSMX with Triple Space Computing support.
Along with this, I am working on putting more stuff in my (above
mentioned) research topics. With this, I will able to finalize a
mutually agreed PhD thesis topic (that could add maximum possible
value to our on-going research and development, specifically SEE
cluster) in next two to three months.
Implementations Triple Space Kernel in WSMX
The objective is to develop a prototype of integration of Triple Space
Kernel in Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX) as one of
the major outcomes of TSC project.
Currently, I am working on the architectural integration of WSMX
with Triple Space Computing where I propose the interfacing of
Triple Space Kernel with Execution Manager, Communication
Manager and Resource Manager. It further describes that how
exactly the Triple Space Kernel will be used for communication and
coordination within a WSMX node and among multiple WSMX
nodes forming a WSMX cluster followed by a case study about
processing of execution semantics, communication of external
service requesters with WSMX and invocation of external services
over the triple space.
In short, this work will provide detailed and concrete guidelines
(recipe) for implementation of the “WSMX with TSC” prototype. It
can be used in the “Semantic Web Services Architecture and
Information Model” as working draft of OASIS Semantic Execution
Environment (SEE) Technical Committee. The reference
implementation is
For further programming support, Graham Hench and Michael Luger
194

Publications
have shown interest to join me in developing the prototype.
Omair Shafiq, Ioan Toma, Reto Krummenacher, Thomas Strang,
Dieter Fensel, "Using Triple Space Computing for communication
and coordination in Semantic Grid", 3rd GGF Semantic Grid
Workshop, Global Grid forum 16 (GGF16), February 2006, held at
Athens Greece.
Omair Shafiq, Emilia Campian, Matthew Moran, Adrian Mocan,
Brahmananda Sapkota, Michal Zaremba, Dieter Fensel, “A
comparison between WSMX and OWL-S environment” in 1st Asian
Semantic Web Conference (ASWC 2006), to be held in September
2006, Beijing China. (Submitted)
Johannes Riemer, Francisco Martin-Recuerda, Ying Ding, Martin
Murth, Brahmananda Sapkota, Reto Krummenacher, Omair Shafiq,
Dieter Fensel and Eva Kühn, Triple Space Computing: Adding
Semantics to Space-based Computing in 1st Asian Semantic Web
Conference (ASWC 2006), to be held in September 2006, Beijing
China. (Submitted)
Book Chapter:
Michal Zaremba, Emilia Cimpian, Mick Kerrigan, Adrian Mocan,
Omair Shafiq, Matthew Moran, Christoph Bussler, Semantic B2B
Integration, SpringerLink Chapter. OASIS SEE TC on-going Working
Draft:
John Domingue, Barry Norton, Omair Shafiq, Maciej Zaremba,
Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) Execution Semantics
deliverable, An OASIS SEE Technical Committee working draft.
Proposals for Workshop and Tutorial organization:
Contributing to organize workshops and giving tutorials is an
interesting experience which I want to have. So far, I got a chance to
learn this by helping Ying in writing two workshop proposals:
Semantic Web Applications Workshop proposal in ASWC 2006,
Beijing China.
EASTWEB Semantic Web education and training Workshop
proposal in ASWC 2006, Beijing China.
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5.4.2.7. Adina Sirbu
Name
Adina Sirbu
Entry date October 2005
Cluster Semantic Execution Environment - SEE
Objective Discovery
Projects 1. ASG
I am currently working on the refinement of the WSML/Flora-2
reasoner prototype used within the project. The second version of
this prototype is part of the ASG deliverable D1.I-6 (WSML reasoner
engine implementation 2nd release).
The tasks are mainly solicited by ASG component C-2, and refer to
the deployment of the prototype (providing a maven build for it and
Linux, MacOS and Solaris support), the overall interaction with the
prototype (for example allowing stateless interaction with the
reasoner) and specific tasks related to the discovery extension of this
prototype (for example: identification of services with semantically
equivalent specifications, implementation of an internal mechanism
to handle services with negative effects and so on).
2. DIP
Responsible for implementation of the Discovery module prototype.
This prototype will follow the specification in DIP deliverable D4.8
and will be used for the DIP deliverable D4.14 (Discovery module
prototype). It will be part of the WSMX Discovery module; the level
is discovery based on simple descriptions of services.
Research topic
3. SemBiz
I will take over WP2 (Semantic Business Process Querying,
Discovery, and Composition), and correspondingly the deliverables:
D2.1: State of the Art and Requirements on Semantic Querying,
Discovery, and Composition
D2.2: Semantic Business Process Querying, Discovery, and
Composition Framework
D2.3: Prototype Implementation
To a certain extent, my first months here have been an adaptation
period. I am trying to be open to all subjects that are currently under
research within the DERI community, and also to familiarize myself
with the work that is being done/has already been done by the team.

Progress
towards PhD
However, in order to prevent a too scattered approach to a PhD, I
have chosen the area of service discovery as main interest. The main
drive became understanding the conceptual solutions to this problem,
with a special interest to the WSMO Discovery solution and the
different steps involved in the process of locating services: goal
discovery, web service discovery and service discovery. When
referring to web service discovery, the theoretical specification of the
approaches (keyword-based, lightweight, heavyweight) leaves place
for much interpretation, especially when it comes to designing a
running prototype. However, because of my recentness in this field, I
cannot yet define a research problem that is at the same time worthy
of a PhD and also solvable within three years of research work.
By implementing specifications for different discovery engines, I am
learning the flaws and the tradeoffs of such proposals. I see my
approach so far as learning by doing. My goal is, after gaining
enough knowledge and experience, to design a solution that is
theoretically valid but that is also feasible.
From my current position, I see two main difficulties in the future
progress towards a PhD. One of them will be to decide when the
critical amount of knowledge and experience has been reached. The
other will be to make sure that my PhD proposal actually brings
enough novelty to the area. In these problems the research
community will play an important role. By that I understand keeping
in touch with related research through articles, research seminars,
and informal conversations with people that have already contributed
to the subject. But I assume the key role will be played by a
supervisor, and more precisely his opinion on the worthiness and
attainability of my solution.
Implementations ASG – I have collaborated to the first release of the WSML/Flora-2
reasoner engine (included in ASG deliverable D1.I-4). Currently,
I am responsible for integrating the reasoner in the ASG
platform. This implies continuously refining the prototype and
providing support for all implementation issues.
DIP – Implementing the Discovery module prototype (included in
DIP deliverable D4.14) based on the specifications in DIP
deliverable D4.8. This prototype will be part of the WSMX
Discovery component, corresponding to discovery at the level of
simple descriptions of services.
Publications
No publications so far
197

5.4.2.8. Zhixian Yan
Name
Zhixian YAN
Entry date August 2006
Cluster SEE (Semantics Execution Environment)
Objective Making Semantics Real
Projects SemBiz (Semantic Business Process Management for flexible
dynamic value chains)
Research topic Semantic Web Service, Semantic Business Process Management
Progress Just a beginner!
towards PhD
Implementations
Publications

5.4.3. Senior Researchers
Senior Researchers
No Name Topic
8 Michal Zaremba
5.4.3.1. Michal Zaremba
Name
Michal Zaremba
Entry date February 2006
Cluster SEE
Objective My role is to provide the coordination focal point for the rest of the
team. I am co-chairing OASIS SEE Technical Committee, which
specifies functionality and interface for SEE components and
execution semantics of the whole system.
Figure 5.4.3.1.1. SESA architecture
Projects
Since its settling on Austrian soil, SEE cluster has got involved in
many projects. While I am personally not involved in all of them, an
enormous portion of my time is consumed at this stage by advising
my researchers on how to deal with problems and how to progress in
these projects and to prepare new project proposals (NFN, SUN
Excellence Center etc).
1. SUPER
As it is still before kick-off meeting, I can only at this stage say in
which workpackages SEE cluster is involved not me personally, as I
199

still do not have a detailed plan with division of work per each
person:
WP1 SBPM Ontology WP2 SP life Cycle (SEBIS cluster is
responsible to lead WP1, but SEE cluster takes the responsibility for
D1.4)
WP4 BP Mediation WP5 Modeling Analysis Tools
WP5 Modeling Analysis Tools
WP6 SBPM Execution Engine
WP11 Community, Standards
WP12 Dissemination (shared - both clusters take care; SEBIS cluster
takes care of D12.3)
Deliverables for SEE cluster (I will be probably directly only
involved in D1.4 and D12.3, but quite possible I will also have to
take care of Architecture, which is at this stage assigned to Galway)
D1.4 Process Ontology Query Language (SEE cluster)
D6.3 Process Ontology Reasoner (SEE cluster)
D12.3 Dissemination Strategy and SDK Activities (SEE cluster)
2. DIP
Deliverables which I am involved:
D6.11 Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information Model
D6.14 Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information Model
D9.7 GIS Prototype v 1.0
D9.13 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) v.2.0
D9.14 SWS Enhanced GIS Prototype (WSMX) Final Version
3. SemBiz
We resubmitted SemBiz proposal
D11 - BPMO Requirements Analysis and Design
D12 - BPMO version 1
D13 - BPMO version 2
4. SEEMP
No direct involvement yet. I promised Mick to join some of the
meetings.
5. ASG
Helping Emilia and Adina to run this project
6. TripleSpace
No direct involvement. I am helping Omair and Reto to figure out on
how to use results of this project in WSMX.
200

7. AsiaLink
At this stage responsible for organization of Demo Session during
ASWC2005. In the future participating in exchanges.
8. Tripcom
No direct involvement. I am helping Omair and Reto to figure out on
how to use results of this project in WSMX.
Research topic
9. SemGov
No direct involvement. Advising Adrian. Helping with organization
of some events e.g. WSMO/WSML/WSMX tutorial for SemGov
project partners.
Enterprises’ information systems have been the subject of great
changes in the last number of years. In order to adjust to the more
dynamic demands of business, a new concept/paradigm has been
introduced to replace traditional monolithic applications, namely the
service. Information systems have to be re-tailored to fit this
paradigm, with new applications being developed as services or old
legacy systems being exposed via service interfaces. By this (and
other auxiliary changes) the information system as a whole becomes
a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Such an approach offers a set
of advantages that come with SOA’s (loose coupling between
components, well defined interfaces, peer-to-peer interactions, etc)
but it doesn’t solve all the interoperability problems that existed with
classical applications. Inside of a particular SOA, independent
services offering the same functionality should be seamlessly
interchangeable with each other. Such services can have different
vendors, and as a consequence, different peculiarities; hard-coded
adapters to enable this plug-in and plug-out mechanism would be
quite expensive especially when such points of adaptation have to be
maintained and updated on frequent basis.
My research in DERI is going to focus on the infrastructure for a
Common Service Layer. By making the semantics a central player,
the already recognized benefits of SOA can be enhanced to a level
where flexible and dynamic solution towards organizing, managing
and handling business interaction can be developed. In this SOA,
semantics will be used in describing both the services offered by
enterprises and the requests of parties interested in consuming their
capabilities. Also the data to be exchanged between the business
partners can be unambiguously semantically described in terms of
ontologies. Following the SOA principle, the infrastructure will
consists of independent components, each of them performing a
discrete piece of functionality, interconnected by an event driven
mechanism. The infrastructure for a Common Service Layer
represents a framework capable of managing all the aspects related to
201

Progress
towards Habil
semantically enhanced Web services, to enable their discovery,
selection, composition, mediation and execution. This infrastructure
will become an information system built according to the SOA
principles that allows business entities to advertise and expose their
own services or to consume other partners’ services, giving the
illusion of a heterogeneity free environment
No progress toward Habil has been undertaken yet. Michal has just
accomplished and defended his Ph.D. two years ago. His previous
work was in area of a registry based approach to e-business in the
agri-food sector. Thesis deals mainly with the integration and
heterogeneity issues across virtual supply chains. The thesis
reviewed existing technologies for integration and proposed an
innovative solution involving ebXML specification and especially
ebXML registry/repository standards, which was adjusted to specific
conditions shaping agri-food industry in Ireland. All the functionality
of the delivered toolkit was analysed from the perspective of the
requirements of the selected end-user – an Irish manufacturer from
the beverages sector. This work has not been further continued as
thesis accomplished.
Implementations Web Services Execution Environment
• Web Services Execution Environment (WSMX) is a sample
implementation of the Web Services Modelling Ontology
(WSMO). WSMX Core is a release of the compiled core of
WSMX, along with a set of mock up components that
implement the different interfaces in the WSMX Integration
API.
• Role in the project: project leader
• Number of developers: 20
• Website: http://www.wsmx.org;
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wsmx
WSMX Integration API
• The WSMX Integration API is a collection of libraries required
for the integration of loosely coupled components with the
main WSMX system. Components must implement interfaces
from the provided infomodel to make this integration possible.
• Role in the project: project leader
• Number of developers: direct 4; indirect around 30 contributors
• Website:
https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=113321
&package_id=154563
ebXML registry/repository – free ebXML (past)
• The goal of the ebxmlrr project was to deliver a functionally
complete reference implementation for the OASIS ebXML
Registry specifications as defined by the OASIS ebXML
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Registry Technical Committee
• Role in the project: developer
• Number of developers: 40
• Website: http://ebxmlrr.sourceforge.net/;
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ebxmlrr
Semantic Agent (past)
• The goal of the Semantic Agent (2003) was to build a simple
semantic agent toolkit exchanging semantic information in
peer-to-peer network
• Role in the project: project leader
• Number of developers: 5
MOMENT Key Performance Indicator Toolkit (past)
• The goal of the Moment project was to apply a methodology to
support rapid establishment and efficient operations of new
Extended Enterprise. Delivered Key Performance Indicator
Toolkit was a visualization tool to represent in various forms
key data generated through supply chains.
• Role in the project: software development leader
• Number of developers: 2
• Website: http://moment.nuigalway.ie
Publications M. Burstein, C. Bussler, M. Zaremba, T. Finin, M. Huhns, M.
Paolucci, A. Sheth, S. Williams: A Semantic Web Services
Architecture. IEEE Internet Computing. Vol. 9, No. 5, September,
October 2005
M. Zaremba, M. Moran, M. Kerrigan, A. Mocan, book chapter on
Web Services Modeling Ontology in Semantic Web Processes and
Their Applications edited by Jorge Cardoso and Amit Sheth; to be
published by Springer
M. Zaremba, C. Bussler: Towards Dynamic Execution Semantics in
Semantic Web Services, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Web
Service Semantics: Towards Dynamic Business Integration,
International Conference on the World Wide Web (WWW2005).
Chiba, Japan, 2005.
M. Zaremba, M. Moran. Enabling Execution of Semantic Web
Services: WSMX Core Platform, In Proceedings of the 1st WSMO
Implementation Workshop (WIW2004). Frankfurt, Germany, 2004.
K. Verma, A. Mocan, M. Zaremba, A. Sheth, J. A. Miller: Linking
Semantic Web Service Efforts, In Proceedings of the ICWS 2005
Second International Workshop on Semantic and Dynamic Web
Processes (SDWP 2005). Orlando, Florida, 2005
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T. Haselwanter, Maciej Zaremba and Michal Zaremba. Enabling
Components Management and Dynamic Execution Semantic in
WSMX. WSMO Implementation Workshop 2005 (WIW 2005), 6-7
June, Innsbruck, Austria.
S. Arroyo, C. Bussler, J. Kopecký, R. Lara, A. Polleres, M. Zaremba,
Web Service Capabilities and Constraints in WSMO. W3C
Workshop on Constraints and Capabilities for Web Services.
Redwood Shores, CA, USA, 2004.
E. Oren, A. Wahler, B. Schreder, A. Balaban, M. Zaremba, and M.
Zaremba, Demonstrating WSMX: Least Cost Supply Management,
1st WSMO Implementation Workshop, Frankfurt, Germany, 2004.
L. Vasiliu, M. Zaremba, M. Moran, C. Bussler ; Web-Service
Semantic Enabled Implementation of Machine vs. Machine Business
Negotiation,; 2004 IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce
Technology (CEC 2004), San Diego, USA.
A. Mocan, M. Zaremba; Mediation in Web Service Modeling
Execution Environment (WSMX), Information Integration on the
Web Workshop (iiWeb2004), Conference on Very Large Data Bases
VLDB2004, August 2004.
M. Moran, M. Zaremba, A. Mocan and C. Bussler. Using WSMX to
bind Requester & Provider at Runtime when Executing Semantic
Web Services, In Proceedings of the 1st WSMO Implementation
Workshop (WIW2004). Frankfurt, Germany, 2004.
Tutorials
The Fifth International Conference on Semantic Web Services
(ISWC2005), November 2005, Galway, Ireland - Semantic Web
Services Systems and Tools
The Fifth International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE
2005), July 2005, Sydney, Australia – Semantic Web Services: A
Conceptual Model, Language and Execution Environment
2nd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2005), May 2005,
Crete, Greece – Semantic Web Services Tutorial
204

The Fourth International Conference on Semantic Web Services
(ISWC2004), November 2004, Hiroshima, Japan - OWL-S and
WSMO
OASIS Symposium on the Future of XML Vocabularies, New
Orleans, USA, April 24, 2004 - http://www.oasispen.org/events/symposium_2005/
NetObjectDays 2004, 27 September 2004, Erfurt, Germany – The
Web Services Modeling Ontology - WSMO
11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence:
Methodology, Systems, and Applications (AIMSA 2004), 01
September 2004, Varna, Bulgaria – The Web Services Modeling
Ontology – WSMO
205

6. Ubiquitous Services Cluster (UbiServ)
In the following we describe the UbiServ cluster in general terms, in terms of the
objectives it takes care, in terms of the project it takes care, and in terms of its members.
6.1. General Description
Name
Acronym
Web site
Leader
Team
Objectives
Projects
Mission
Major
Ubiquitous Services
UbiServ
http://ubiserv.deri.org
Thomas Strang
Senior Researchers:
Michael Jäger
Axel Polleres
Thomas Strang
Junior Researchers:
Jacek Kopecky
Reto Krummenacher
Ioan Toma
Students:
-
(5) Adaptation, (9) Grounding, (14) Storage & Communication
Grisino, SWING, TripCom
Ubiquitous Computing is the most recent evolution step in an evolution
chain characterizing different eras of internetworked computer systems.
Building on the properties of Mobile Computing and Distributed
Computing systems, Ubiquitous Computing systems are further
characterized by at least three salient properties: context-awareness, adhoc
networking as well as smart sensors and devices. From a service
perspective, enhancements in the three respective research areas should
enable a transition from the mobile services paradigm which is “any
service for any person at any time and anywhere (at any cost)” to the more
desirable ubiquitous services paradigm which is “the right service for the
right person at the right time and at the right place (and with the right
price)”.
In our cluster we elaborate on the challenges of services in the emerging
field of Ubiquitous Computing. This includes research on service
description, discovery, distribution, deployment, composition and
execution in Ubiquitous Computing environments. An important aspect is
the area of ontology-based context modelling and retrieval as a key
enabler of context-aware service discovery and execution technology in
Ubiquitous Computing environments.
Everything related to teaching
206

tasks and
deliverables
(Project related tasks to be taken from PhD student's input)
6.2. Objectives
• (5) Adaptation,
• (9) Grounding,
• (14) Storage & Communication
6.2.1. Adaptation
Nr 6
Title Adaption
Mission After discovering a set of potentially useful services, the Semantic
statement Execution Environment (SEE) needs to check whether the services can
actually fulfill the user's concrete goal and under what conditions. Those
that cannot fulfill the goal are removed from the list of discovered
services. This step is required as it is not feasible for a service to provide
an exhaustive semantic description. Giving the Amazon bookstore
service as an example, it is not feasible for Amazon to update the
semantic description of their Web service every time a new book is
available or an existing book is changed, therefore we must check that
Amazon actually currently has a copy of the book requested by the user,
and at an acceptable price. The process of checking whether and under
what conditions a service can fulfill a concrete Goal is called negotiation
in SEE, and it also encompasses so-called filtering.
Once a list of Web services than can fulfill the user's concrete goal is
prepared, the SEE must then choose one of the services to invoke. It is
important that this selection is tailored to the user's needs, as for
example while one user may require high quality another may prefer low
price. This process is called selection.
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
Negotiation, filtering and selection are tasks of the Adaptation
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=Adaptation
Ioan Toma
Ubiquitous Services
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Jacek Kopecky (Negotiation)
Ioan Toma (NFP, Filtering, Selection)
207

Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Future Steps
Students:
-
Possibly Grisino for NFP/Filtering, none yet for Negotiation
Negotiation is not an explicit part of any DERI project as far as I know,
I'm looking into incorporating negotiation into SUPER.
NFP/Filtering: WSMO D28.4
measurable results are the following functionalities:
* checking which of the discovered Web services can fulfill the
user's concrete goal
* finding out the non-functional properties related to the concrete
goal, e.g. the currently applicable price of the service
* potentially also dynamic negotiation of such properties, e.g. the
best trade-off between quality of service and the respective price
* filtering discovered Web services based on user's NFP constraints
* selecting the most suitable Web service (or ordering them
according to suitability) with respect to the preferences of the user
Negotiation (Jacek): I plan to write and submit a paper defining the
scope of my negotiation research based on what I know about the topic
so far, and that should be done before end of May 2006. The further
measurable results and time lines will be defined by in the paper.
Publications
Software
releases
NFP/Filtering (Ioan):
1. Develop the prototype for WSMX based on NFP using keywords.
(initial version by mid of May)
2. Define an ontology for NFP. Here I already have some
formalization of David O'Sullivan in OWL for his set of NFP. I
will create the WSML version. (by end of April)
3. Use a WSML reasoner to perform a cleverer filtering. (first version
of this prototype by end of June)
4. With respect to WSMO D28.4, probably iterations every 2 weeks,
continuing along what is described in the Future Work section.
5. There may be NFP/Filtering-related tasks in the Grisino project
None so far
Negotiation (Jacek): implementation plan will be created after the scope
is defined, either in the planned publication or in any project
deliverables.
NFP/Filtering (Ioan): currently only as indicated in the roadmap points.
208

6.2.2. Grounding
Nr 9
Title Grounding
Mission Apart from discovering Web services and composing them, the
statement Semantic Execution Environment (SEE) also needs to communicate
with the services — send the necessary request messages and receive the
responses. All such external communication will be taken care of by this
component.
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
Because internal communication within the SEE uses semantic data and
practically all currently deployed Web services use their specific XML
formats, the External Communication component needs to translate
between the involved data forms. This translation is also known as data
grounding. Above that, this component also needs to support concrete
network protocols (HTTP, SOAP, other bindings) to be able to exchange
messages with the Web service.
http://wiki.wsmx.org/index.php?title=External_Communication
Jacek Kopecky
Ubiquitous Services
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Adrian Mocan (Data grounding)
Jacek Kopecký (Grounding)
Students:
-
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Future Steps
I take this as Innsbruck-specific, therefore I don't include anything about
Matthew Moran who also works on data grounding.
DIP for grounding and W3C standardization work.
TripCom for triple-space grounding.
Possibly additional sources in Galway for Matthew
1) WSMO D24.2
2) Membership in W3C WS-Description working group and Semantic
Annotations for WSDL working group
Measurable results are the following functionalities:
* data grounding — two-way transformations between semantic data
within SEE and the XML data used in external communication
* network protocol binding — based on the WSDL description of
the target Web service, the best supported protocol binding will be
selected for communication
* triple-space grounding for communication with Web services using
209

TripleS
Data Grounding (Adrian): plan unknown, Matthew is the leader of that
part of the WSMO deliverable D24.2, Adrian wants to help there;
Matthew hasn't provided any concrete dates in recent email exchange.
Network Protocol Grounding (Jacek): this part is done, we will work
with choreography implementation to validate that it works, and for
requirements on the component from the other components.
Publications
Software
releases
Triple Space Grounding (Jacek): work scheduled for 2007 in Tripcom
J. Kopecký, D. Roman, M. Moran, and D. Fensel: Semantic Web
Services Grounding. In Proceedings of the International Conference on
Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW'06), Guadeloupe,
French Caribbean, February 23-25, 2006.
Any data mediation publications by Adrian Mocan, but they are not
directly related to the component.
All as described in the current status
6.2.3. Storage & Communication
Nr 14
Title Storage
Mission The storage component(s), plural on purpose, shall provide repositories
statement to store “objects” needed to ensure successful processing of user request
to SEE. There might be need for different storages tailored to the
particular needs: Web service descriptions, goals, mediation rules,
workflows, and execution semantics.
It is already known that the Execution Management component requires
repositories for ontologies and data instances (service descriptions in
particular). The idea is to use a Triple Space infrastructure to do so.
The mission of the Storage Component team is thus to find out which
means of storage are required and in what way these requirements can
be fulfilled in the easiest and simplest way to provide optimal service to
the application layer components and the vertical services.
Web site http://wiki.wsmx.org/?title=Storage
Leader Reto Krummenacher 1
Cluster UbiServ
1 temporary until Michael Jäger is joining DERI Austria
210

Team
Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Omair Shafiq
Reto Krummenacher
Students:
-
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
And hopefully various other members that know the requirements per
component/service better.
TSC:
Triple Space Computing (TSC)
FIT-IT
http://tsc.deri.at
Triple Space Communication (TripCom) EC STREP
http://www.tripcom.org
YARS:
DERI Lión
SFI
http://lion.deri.ie
dip
EC IP
http://dip.semanticweb.org
There are currently two efforts pursued at DERI (Galway and Innsbruck)
directly related with storage: YARS, as RDF Store and TSC, as
persistent communication and coordination middleware. These efforts
will be continued and improved.
As mentioned in the mission statement, the current plan is to use TSC as
storage infrastructure in SEE. Of particular interest is the use of TSC in
combination with the Execution Management component. It is however
subject to current investigations, if there is at all any use for a rather
sophisticated Triple Space or, if a database (tailored to the needs of
ontologies and SEE objects) would not rather do the job. TSC as project
with the aim for a middleware for the Semantic Web and Web services
is continued primarily independent of SEE and in parallel (also as part of
the TSC project: D4.1) we will look at optimal solutions for the use of
TSC within SEE. Current suggestions taken from the WSMX
deliverable D21 (Fig.1) have to be reconsidered to pay tribute to the
advantages of space-based computing: decoupling of processes/services
and coordination of services.
211

Figure 6.2.3.1. TSC and WSMX in WSMX D21 from June 2005.
In fact, the current proposition of having the coordination done by the
Execution Manager (who communicates with the various components)
and of using the space only for storage and in parallel to the components
heavily contradicts the idea of space-based computing. We therefore
rather suggest having the space reside between all the components
linked together for a given WSMX, possibly residing on different
physical entities.
212

Future Steps
A major tasks for the upcoming weeks it to determine what type of
storage and in what way the storage should become part of SEE. It is
hard to say how we could measure its success or even when we could be
ready with parts or the whole of it. Moreover, as long we are continuing
with the idea of having TSC as storage component of WSMX, we have
to find the most reasonable and in consequence the right way to interlink
WSMX components by use of the space infrastructure. As mentioned
above we are reconsidering the ideas presented in the WSMX WG
deliverable D21.v0.1 WSMX Triple-Space Computing to fully pay
tribute to the advantages of space based computing. These ideas (Fig. 2)
need however further discussion with all members of the SEE cluster.
Publications
Figure 6.2.3.1. Proposition for fully distribute TSC-WSMX integration
YARS:
Andreas Harth, Stefan Decker. Optimized Index Structures for Querying
RDF from the Web. 3rd Latin American Web Congress, Buenos Aires -
Argentina, October 31 - November 2 2005.
Andreas Harth, Hannes Gassert. On Searching and Displaying RDF
Data from the Web. Poster ESWC 2005.
Andreas Harth, Matteo Magni, Stefan Decker. Scalable Distributed RDF
Storage Infrastructure. DERI Líon Deliverable 1.02, 2005.
213

TSC:
Reto Krummenacher, Francisco Martin-Recuerda, Martin Murth,
Johannes Riemer, Ying Ding, and Dieter Fensel: Triple Space
Computing: A framework for the new communication paradigm. Poster
Session of the 3rd European Semantic Web Conf. (ESWC 2006), Budva,
Montenegro, 11-14 June, 2006 (forthcoming).
Reto Krummenacher, Thomas Strang, and Dieter Fensel: Triple Spaces
for an Ubiquitous Web of Services. W3C Workshop on the Ubiquitous
Web, Tokyo, Japan, March 9-10, 2006.
Omair Shafiq, Ioan Toma, Reto Krummenacher, Thomas Strang, and
Dieter Fensel: Using Triple Space Computing for communication and
coordination in Semantic Grid. In Proc. of the 3rd Semantic Grid
Workshop in conj. with the 16th Global Grid Forum, Athens, Greece,
February 13-16, 2006.
Brahmananda Sapkota, Edward Kilgarriff, and Christoph Bussler: Role
of Triple Space Computing in Semantic Web Services. In Proc. of the 8th
Asia Pacific Web Conf (APWEB 2006), Harbin, China, January 16-18,
2006.
Reto Krummenacher, Martin Hepp, Axel Polleres, Christoph Bussler,
and Dieter Fensel: WWW or What Is Wrong with Web Services. In Proc.
of the 2005 IEEE European Conf on Web Services (ECOWS 2005),
Växjö, Sweden, November 14-16, 2005.
Reto Krummenacher, Jacek Kopecky, and Thomas Strang: Sharing
Context Information with Semantic Spaces. Workshop on Context-
Aware Mobile Systems (CAMS 2005), Ayia Napa, Cyprus, October 30-
31, 2005.
Reto Krummenacher, and Thomas Strang: Ubiquitous Semantic Spaces.
In Conference Supplement to the 7th Int'l Conf on Ubiquitous
Computing (UbiComp 2005), Tokyo, Japan, September 11-14, 2005.
Francisco Martin-Recuerda: Towards CSpaces: A new perspective for
the Semantic Web. In Proc. of the 1st Int'l IFIP/WG12.5 Working Conf
on Industrial Applications of Semantic Web (IASW 2005), Jyväskylä,
Finland, August 25-27, 2005.
Christoph Bussler: A Minimal Triple Space Computing Architecture. In
Proc. of the 2nd WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW 2005),
Innsbruck, Austria, June 6-7, 2005.
214

Software
releases
YARS @ DERI Galway
• Conjunctive Queries
• Keyword-based queries using LUCENE
• Native Storage in Berkley DB (2-phase commits)
• JDBC-like Java API
• RESTful HTTP API (language independent)
• Scoped negation queries
• Recursive query processing
• Remote context
TSC work in progress
• Implementation TSC API
• Test platform for TSC conceptual models
• Running over YARS
TSC project prototype
• Implementation starting now
• Prototype required in early 2007
6.3. Projects
Here we have the following projects:
• GRISINO
• SWING
• TripCom
6.3.1. GRISINO
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Grid Semantics and Intelligent Objects
GRISINO
FFG, FIT-IT
UBISERV
Ioan Toma
Discovery, Adaptation
http://grisino.salzburgresearch.at/
Senior Researchers:
215

-
Junior Researchers:
Tobias Bürger
Ioan Toma
Omair Shafiq
Students:
Jürgen Umbrich
Mission The aim of GRISINO is to combine three leading edge technology
strands which complement each other, for the definition of intelligent
and dynamic business processes:
• Semantic Web Services as the future standard for the declaration of
web-based semantic processes.
• Knowledge content objects as the unit of value which can be
manipulated by semantic web services.
• Grid Computing as a pervasive service distribution infrastructure for a
future, ambient intelligence space.
person*mon Total 27 per month 1
ths budget
Duration 24 months 03/06 – 02/08
Major tasks • WP1: Conceptual Analysis
• WP3: SWS & GRID
• WP6: Dissemination
Deliverables • D1.1.1 State of the Art in SWS, GRID and "Intelligent" Objects
- Can they meet? (Ioan)
• D1.2.1 Requirements and Design of a Common Infrastructure
for GRID, SWS and Intelligent Objects. (Ioan)
• D2.3.1 Experimentation Testbed: Requirements, Design, Test
cases, and Test results. (Ioan, Jürgen)
• D3.2.1 Design and Specification of Integrated Services (Ioan,
Omair)
• D3.4.1 GCI Test Bed (prototype) with integrated services (Ioan,
Jürgen)
• D4.1.1 Design and Specification of KCO-to-SWS Mapping
(Ioan, Tobias)
• D4.3.1 GCI with access to KCOs via semantic web services
(Ioan, Tobias)
• D5.2.1 Design Specification of the Semantic Search Application
(Ioan)
• D.6.2.1 Research Papers (Ioan, Omair)
• D.7.2.1Periodic project management report (Ioan with help of
Leonarda)
216

6.3.2. SWING
Name Semantic Web Services Interoperability for Geospatial Decision Making
Acronym SWING
Funding line IST-FP6
Cluster UBISERV
Leader Dumitru Roman 1
Objective Ontologies, Applications, Developer tools, Discovery, Composition
Website http://www.swing-project.org/
Team Senior Researchers:
-
Mission
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Junior Researchers:
Dumitru Roman
Students:
-
+ one more person needed to work part time
The mission is to develop an open, easy-to-use Semantic Web Service
framework of suitable ontologies and inference tools for annotation,
discovery, composition, and invocation of geospatial web services;
evaluate the appropriateness of this framework by developing a
geospatial decision-making application that can dynamically find and
provide interoperable semantic web services
Total 39,5 per month 1
Duration 36 months 03/06 – 02/09
Major tasks Technical coordinator of the project
• WP7 Dissemination and Exploitation (lead)
• WP1 Application
• WP2 Semantic Discovery and Execution
• WP3 Geospatial Ontology
• WP4 Semantic Annotation
• WP6 Development Environment
Deliverables • D7.1 Public Web Site
• D7.2 Workshop academic community
1 temporary until Michael Jäger is joining DERI Austria
217

• D7.3 Workshop user community
• D7.4 Open Source
• D7.5 Information dissemination plan
6.3.3. TripCom
Name Triple Space Communication
Acronym TripCom
Funding line IST-FP6
Cluster UBISERV
Leader Reto Krummenacher 1
Objective Storage
Website http://www.tripcom.org/
Team Senior Researchers:
-
Junior Researchers:
Reto Krummenacher
Omair Shafiq
Mission
Students:
-
The mission of TripCom is to take a significant move towards a new era
of the Internet. TripCom aims at truly Web-enabled Web services that
will communicate via persistent publication of information.
Realizing this vision and a new technology is the mission of TripCom
with the result of the integrating Tuple Space, Semantic Web (triple),
and Web service technologies. To this end, we on the one hand plan to
improve Tuple Space technology by adding semantics and means to
structure and relate tuples in a scalable and linkable Triple Space
architecture. On the other hand we plan to improve Web service
technologies by adopting the flexible and powerful asynchronous
communication model of Tuple Spaces. Furthermore we plan to
improve business data exchange standards by use of our new technology
and demonstrate the usefulness of this approach in several practical use
cases. Finally, we plan to establish a proper security and trust model for
the Triple Space to ensure safe communication and data handling, as
1 temporary until Michael Jäger is joining DERI Austria
218

Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
well as distributed trust models. As the result of the project the
combination of these building blocks could give ground to a novel
Semantic Web service paradigm.
Total 111 Per months 3
Duration 36 months 04/06 – 03/09
Major tasks • WP 1 Storage
• WP 2 Triple Space Knowledge Representation
• WP 3 Triple Space Interaction
• WP 4 Triple Space and Semantic Web Services
• WP 5 Security and Trust
• WP 6 Triple Space Architecture and Component Integration
• WP 8b Use case e-Health
Deliverables
LFUI has the lead for the following deliverables:
• D2.2 Specification of Triple Space ontology
• D3.3 Semantic matching in distributed spaces
• D4.2 TripCom Grounding for Semantic Web Services
• D10.2 Periodic Progress Reports
• D10.5 Continuous Risk Management Plan
The involvement in other deliverables is not clear, as the final
distribution per deliverable per partner is not done yet. This decision is
expected to be taken during or shortly after the kick off meeting on
April 24/25, 2006.
219

6.4. Staff
Here we discuss student, junior, and senior researchers of the UbiServ cluster.
6.4.1. Student Researchers
No student researchers up to yet.
6.4.2. Junior Researchers
Junior Researchers
No Name Objective Cluster
12 Jacek Kopecky Grounding UbiServ
13 Reto Krummennacher Storage & Communication UbiServ
25 Ioan Toma Adaptation UbiServ
6.4.2.1. Jacek Kopecky
Name
Jacek Kopecky
Entry date May 2004
Cluster Ubiquitous Services
Objective Adaptation, Grounding
Projects current: DIP D2.4, versioning library implementation
upcoming: DIP D4.13, Aligning WSMO and WSMX with Existing
Policy Specifications
Research topic Semantic Web Service Negotiation: After discovering a set of
potentially useful services, a semantic user agent (e.g. WSMX) needs
to check whether the services can actually fulfill the user's concrete
goal and under what conditions. Those that cannot fulfill the goal are
removed from the list of discovered services. This step is required as
it is not feasible for a service to provide an exhaustive semantic
description. Giving the Amazon bookstore service as an example, it
is not feasible for Amazon to update the semantic description of their
Web service every time a new book is available or an existing book
is changed, therefore we must check that Amazon actually currently

Progress
towards PhD
has a copy of the book requested by the user, and what the price is.
So negotiation is the process of checking whether and under what
conditions a service can fulfill a concrete Goal.
Grounding our semantic technologies in Web and Web Service
standards: Automation of the use of Web Services requires semantic
descriptions. Currently deployed Web services, on the other hand,
are generally described only on the level of syntax, using standard
XML languages that capture only limited and unconnected models of
some Web service aspects. Even with semantic descriptions, certain
tasks require that semantic processors have access to the information
in the syntactic descriptions; for example to invoke a discovered
service, the client processor needs to know how to serialize the
request message. Grounding defines the links between the semantic
and the syntactic description levels.
My PhD dissertation should be on the topic of Semantic Web Service
Negotiation. I plan to write and submit a paper defining the scope of
my negotiation research based on what I know about the topic so far,
and that paper should be written before end of June 2006.
Implementations Currently ongoing:
1) DIP Versioning library over WSMO4J, also in use in DOME and
possibly WSMT
2) Processor for mapping WSDL documents into RDF (mostly for
W3C)
Publications
Planned:
1) Negotiation and grounding components in WSMX, to be defined
Conference Papers:
J. Kopecký, D. Roman, M. Moran, and D. Fensel: Semantic Web
Services Grounding. In Proceedings of the International Conference
on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW'06),
Guadeloupe, French Caribbean, February 23-25, 2006.
Chapters in Books:
D. Roman, J. de Bruijn, A. Mocan, I. Toma, H. Lausen, J. Kopecký,
D. Fensel, J. Domingue, S. Galizia, and L. Cabral:Semantic Web
Services - Approaches and Perspectives. In J. Davies, P. Warren, and
R. Studer (eds.), Semantic Web Technologies, to appear, 2005.
Workshops:
R. Krummenacher, J. Kopecký, and T. Strang: Sharing Context
Information with Semantic Spaces. In Proceedings of the Workshop
221

on Context-Aware Mobile Systems (CAMS 2005), Ayia Napa,
Cyprus, Greece, October 30-31, 2005.
S. Arroyo, Ch. Bussler, J. Kopecký, R. Lara, A. Polleres, and M.
Zaremba: Web Service Capabilities and Constraints in WSMO. In
W3C Workshop on Constraints and Capabilities for Web Services.
Redwood Shores, CA, USA, October 12-13, 2004.
Others:
J. de Bruijn, Ch. Bussler, J. Domingue, D. Fensel, M. Hepp, U.
Keller, M. Kifer, B. König-Ries, J. Kopecký, R. Lara, H. Lausen, E.
Oren, A. Polleres, D. Roman, J. Scicluna, and M. Stollberg: Web
Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO), W3C Member Submission,
June 3, 2005.
222

6.4.2.2. Reto Krummenacher
Name
Reto Krummenacher
Entry Date October 2004
Cluster UbiServ
Objective Storage & Communication
Projects Project Deliverable/Task (P)ast, (C)urrent,
(F)uture
TSC Interaction Model P
Space/ Storage P
Organisation
Data Model P
Semantic Matching/ P
Templates
Query ENGINE C
(YARS) binding
QE implementation F
and validation
Project Coordination P C F
TripCom
Work planning for P C
DERI IBK
KR (TS Ontology) F
Interaction Model F
eHealth Use Case F
Research topic Ubiquitous Computing model, where technology recedes into the
background of our lives is one of the most promising computing
paradigms. However, the arrival of ubiquitous computing will call
upon ‘many persons + many computers’ interactions. There will be
an enormous peer-to-peer network of information and service
providers and consumers. Taking away parts of the machine
interaction from the users to let it recede into the background
requires more complex interaction models on computer level. Many
new challenges come along with this futuristic vision that are
relevant for my research topic: adaptation strategies, client thickness
(mobility), context awareness, balancing proactivity and
transparency, and information flow across layers and services.
The goal of the research will be to address these challenges from a
Triple Space Computing research point of view and to combine it

with existing technologies from the Ubiquitous Computing and
Distributed Systems communities to provide a middleware for highly
dynamic, mobile and complex systems of services. Research, wise
this implies in consequence the definition and implementation of a
space infrastructure as a whole and in particular of so-called TS
Kernels residing on every participating node (Fig. 1).
Figure 6.4.2.2.1. TS Kernel architecture with Context Engine
The goal is to use context information in the space to process the
information available, and thus to ensure at least local scalability, i.e.
using the context information (e.g. user, device and service
descriptions, preferences and needs) to coordinate, replicate and
distribute the information proactively to the right peers within the
network of involved nodes. This raises two core questions that have
to be addressed:
Q1. How to model context information?
Q2. How to interpret and thus use the context information for the
organisation and reasonable proactivity of the space?
These are questions directly addressed by a TS kernel
implementation containing a Context Engine that was added to Fig. 1
compared to its counterpart defined in the TSC project3. The Context
Engine (Q2) is envisioned to make use of a reasoner binding, most
likely in form of a rule reasoner that is able to process so called
context rules (Q1). In consequence, context information would need
to be encoded in form of rules, facts and queries that compose the
Knowledge Base of the Context Engine.
As mentioned in the beginning I see “disappearing computing” as the
future of computer science with respect to human computer
interaction and its co-existence. Therefore the communication and
coordination infrastructure for machines has to be heavily improved,
as more and more tasks will be performed by applications that reside
224

Progress
towards PhD
in a tremendous network of small devices and services invisible for
the human users. The Context Engine (Q2) is seen to be a tool to
address some of these issues; in particular an answer to the
proactivity problems based on Semantic Web and Triple Space
technology.
The current focus of my research work and thus of my path toward a
PhD is still restricted to the fundamental questions of Triple Space
Computing [3]. This is on the one hand due to my involvement in
TSC related projects and on the other of course, as the basics of
semantically enriched communication and coordination spaces have
to be defined prior to possible extensions. As basics I would consider
the various conceptual models that were subject to recent and current
project work: data model, data encoding, space organisation, and
native interface layering (TS kernel) to name the most prominent.
These technologies are part of TSC, as it is well known: technical
facts are available in form of deliverables and minor publications
(forthcoming) already.
More precise ideas for my PhD thesis based on Triple Space
Computing still consist of mostly conceptual ideas [1]. The current
goal is thus to more and more address the questions in the previous
section with respect to context-awareness and proactivity. This is
necessary in order to bring forward a middleware that allows simple
and flexible improvement of ubiquitous computing application as
e.g. mentioned in [2] by considering available context information
about and from all users (consumers and producers) of the space
infrastructure. Furthermore it is a desire to increasingly consider
(Mobile and Ubiquitous) Web technology to come up with a global
web for machines as e.g. described in [4]. The context-aware
middleware was named TSC (ubiquitous TSC) in [4] or Ubiquitous
Semantic Spaces in [1] and is the extended version of TSC that is
planned to result from my PhD. I could imagine that many of the
TSC ideas will penetrate into the eHealth Use Case of the TripCom
project (Work package 8b in which I will be involved) and viceversa.
Current topics that I have actively or more passively on my agenda
are the definition of models for context rules (including or
juxtaposed) to e.g. the modelling of so-called non-functional
properties in WSMO. In consequence and possibly in parallel I have
to look at how to bind the (rule) reasoning efforts from the WSML
working group to the space infrastructure (through the Context
Engine). The facts drawn from inferred data will be the core output
from the Context Engine of the Coordination Layer (Fig. 2) and the
necessary added value to improve the coordination and
communication of services in ubiquitous computing environments.
Obviously I focus here on the use of the Context Engine in the scope
of the proposed TSC infrastructure. It should however be noted that
225

similar technologies could also enter the SEE architecture at some
point. The current discussions going on around non-functional
properties show that there are additional issues relevant to decisionmaking
in discovery, selection or composition than semantic
descriptions of and reasoning with the functional and behavioural
properties of services. In that sense my interest in context modelling,
rules and reasoning for a space-based middleware could be
generalized to improve the value of the Semantic Execution
Environment.
[1] R. Krummenacher, and Th. Strang: Ubiquitous Semantic Spaces. In Conference
Supplement to the 7th Int-l Conf on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2005),
Tokyo, Japan, September 11-14, 2005.
[2] R. Krummenacher, J. Kopecký, and Th. Strang: Sharing Context Information
with Semantic Spaces. Workshop on Context Aware Mobile Systems (CAMS
2005), Ayia Napa, Cyprus, October 30 31, 2005.
[3] R. Krummenacher, M. Hepp, A. Polleres, Ch. Bussler, and D. Fensel: WWW or
What Is Wrong with Web Services. In Proc. of the 2005 IEEE European Conf on
Web Services, Växjö, Sweden, November 14-16, 2005.
[4] R. Krummenacher, Th. Strang, and D. Fensel: Triple Spaces for a Ubiquitous
Web of Services. W3C Workshop on the Ubiquitous Web, Tokyo, Japan, March 9-
10, 2006.
Implementations Since my active contribution to wsmo4j, in particular in form of the
Logical Expression API (wsmo4j extension), is finished, I have no
more official DERI implementation output. The API was integrated
into wsmo4j and therewith I finished my active participation in the
wsmo4j project.
Thereafter I recently did some prototype and test implementations for
TSC and helped to improve and debug the latest versions of YARS.
This tests and prototypes were used as primary proof of concept of
the ideas in D1.3 and D2.1 of the TSC project and also to check the
work of my bachelor students. Initial ideas that I got out of this are
now used to drive forward the implementation of the TSC prototype
officially due late this year.
Publications R. Krummenacher, and Th. Strang: Ubiquitous Semantic Spaces. In
Conference Supplement to the 7th Int-l Conf on Ubiquitous
Computing (UbiComp 2005), Tokyo, Japan, September 11-14, 2005.
R. Krummenacher, J. Kopecký, and Th. Strang: Sharing Context
Information with Semantic Spaces. Workshop on Context-Aware
Mobile Systems (CAMS 2005), Ayia Napa, Cyprus, October 30-31,
2005.
R. Krummenacher, M. Hepp, A. Polleres, Ch. Bussler, and D.
Fensel: WWW or What Is Wrong with Web Services. In Proc. of the
2005 IEEE European Conf on Web Services, Växjö, Sweden,
November 14-16, 2005.
226

R. Krummenacher, Th. Strang, and D. Fensel: Triple Spaces for a
Ubiquitous Web of Services. W3C Workshop on the Ubiquitous
Web, Tokyo, Japan, March 9-10, 2006.
R. Krummenacher, F. Martin-Recuerda, M. Murth, J. Riemer, Y.
Ding, and D. Fensel: Triple Space Computing: A framework for the
new communication paradigm. Poster Session of the 3rd European
Semantic Web Conf. (ESWC 2006), Budva, Montenegro, 11-14
June, 2006 (forthcoming).
O. Shafiq, I. Toma, R. Krummenacher, Th. Strang, and D. Fensel:
Using Triple Space Computing for communication and coordination
in Semantic Grid. In Proc. of the 3rd Semantic Grid Workshop in
conj. With the 16th Global Grid Forum, Athens, Greece, February
13-16, 2006.
S. Arroyo and R. Krummenacher: A Choreographed Approach to
Ubiquitous and Pervasive Learning. In M. Lytras and A. Naeve
(eds.): Ubiquitous and Pervasive Knowledge and Learning
Management: Semantics, Social Networking and New Media to their
full potential. Idea Group Publishing, 2007 (forthcoming).
227

6.4.2.3. Ioan Toma
Name
Ioan Toma
Entry date April 2004
Cluster Ubiquitous Services
Objective Discovery and Adaption
Projects GRISINO (Grid semantics and intelligent objects)
The aim of GRISINO is to combine three leading edge technology
strands which complement each other, for the definition of intelligent
and dynamic business processes: (1) Semantic Web Services as the
future standard for the declaration of web-based semantic processes,
(2)Knowledge content objects as the unit of value which can be
manipulated by semantic web services. (3) Grid Computing as a
pervasive service distribution infrastructure for a future, ambient
intelligence space. In GRISINO I will mainly be involved in the
following work packages:
(1) WP1: Conceptual Analysis (2) WP3: SWS & GRID and (3) WP6:
Dissemination. My interest is on WP3 where the task is to develop a
detailed linkage between SWS and GRID based services. I will be
involved in the following deliverables:
- D1.1.1 State of the Art in SWS, GRID and "Intelligent" Objects -
Can they meet?
- D1.2.1 Requirements and Design of a Common Infrastructure for
GRID, SWS and Intelligent Objects
- D2.3.1 Experimentation Testbed: Requirements, Design, Test
cases, and Test results.
- D3.2.1 Design and Specification of Integrated Services
- D3.4.1 GCI Test Bed (prototype) with integrated services
- D4.1.1 Design and Specification of KCO-to-SWS Mapping
- D4.3.1 GCI with access to KCOs via semantic web services
- D5.2.1 Design Specification of the Semantic Search Application
- D.6.2.1 Research Papers
Research topic My general research interests are: Semantic Web Services and
Semantic Grid. More precisely I am/was involved in the following
research activities:
- Non-functional properties for Web services: [4]
This research is trigger by the following questions: (1) how to model

non-functional aspects of services? (2) how to specify non-functional
aspects of services? and (3) how to perform discovery, filtering and
selection based on non-functional aspects? (discovery, filtering and
selection as a use case)
- Service Discovery:
Reasoning support for discovery
In the ASG project I was involved in the development of WSML
reasoner based on Flora-2 system that supports discovery and
composition of services in ASG.
WSMX discovery
As part of WSMX I was developing a keyword-based discovery
mechanism that considers the non-functional descriptions of WSMO
goals and services. Keywords provided by the requester in the nonfunctional
descriptions of the goal or axioms used to formalize that
goal are matched against the correspondent keywords in the
descriptions of the services. Any non-functional property that takes a
string value (e.g. dc:Subject etc.) can be consider when doing the
matching. Two different kind of matching are supported: a total
match and a partial match.
Discovery for P2P, Grids and Web services
In [5], [7], [2], [1] we have proposed different approaches for
realizing service discovery in distributed environments like: P2P,
Grids and Web services. The focus was in developing robust and
scalable architectures for service discovery in distributed
environments.
- Applying semantic technologies to Grid
Modeling services for Semantic Grid: Some initial ideas on how to
apply Semantic Web Services solutions to semantically describe
services in Grid environment were proposed in [6].
Progress
towards PhD
Resource ontology In [3] we have proposed a Grid resource ontology
that can provide better support for resource matching in Grids.
In my PhD I plan to provide a solution on how to model and how to
specify non-functional properties of services based on semantic
technologies. Non-functional properties are an important aspect of
services with a similar importance as the other services aspect:
functional and behavior. One could realize the importance of nonfunctional
properties especially in the context of some critical service
related tasks like: discovery, filtering, negotiation, selection and
229

substitution. In the field of software components and networking
different models for non-functional properties have been proposed.
However applying them in service-based settings requires remodelling
especially when we consider the interaction, dynamic and
context aspects when using a service. Moreover some other questions
have to be answered:
- What is the level of abstraction we use when we model nonfunctional
properties; how detailed or specific they must be?
- How dose dynamic nature of non-functional properties influence
the way we model and describe them.
- How to model non-functional properties such that conflicts and
competition between them are captured as well?
Having such a model developed a formal language for specifying
non functional descriptions is required. Probably as part of WSML I
plan to contribute to the development of language support based on
logical formalisms to model NFPs and context information. As an
exemplification of what can be done with semantic descriptions of
services non-functional properties I plan to design and implement a
discovery mechanism, that includes filtering and selection. Both
syntactic and semantic solutions will be considered.
The progress I done so far towards realizing the goals described
above is limited. Currently I'm mainly trying to get more familiar
with the area of non-functional properties ("reading phase"). With
respect to discovery the implementation that I have done has to be
further developed and adapted for non-functional properties.
[1] Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, and
Ioan Toma. WWW or What is Wrong with Web service
discovery. In Position paper at the W3C Workshop on
Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services, Innsbruck, Austria,
6 2005.
[2] Brahmananda Sapkota, Laurentiu Vasiliu, Ioan Toma, Dumitru
Roman, and Chris Bussler. Peer-to-Peer Technology Usage in
Web Service Discovery and Matchmaking. In Proceedings of the
6th International Conference on Web Information Systems
Engineering, New York City, USA, 11 2005.
[3] Mumtaz Siddiqui, Thomas Fahringer, Jürgen Hofer, and Ioan
Toma. Grid Resource Ontology and Correlation. In Proceedings
of the 2nd International Conference on Grid Services
Engineering and Management, Erfurt, Germany, 9 2005.
[4] Ioan Toma and Douglas Foxvog. Non functional properties for
web services. Working draft, Digital Enterprise Research
Institute (DERI), March 2004. Available from
230

http://www.wsmo.org/TR/d28/d28.4/v0.1/.
[5] Ioan Toma, Kashif Iqbal, Matthew Moran, Dumitru Roman,
Thomas Strang, and Dieter Fensel. An Evaluation of Discovery
approaches in Grid and Web services Environments. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Grid
Services Engineering and Management, Erfurt, Germany, 9
2005.
[6] Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman, Kashif Iqbal, Jürgen Hofer, Dieter
Fensel, and Stefan Decker. Towards Semantic Web Services in
Grid Environments. In Proceedings of the 1st International
Conference on Semantic, Knowledge and Grid, Beijing, China,
11 2005.
[7] Ioan Toma, Brahmananda Sapkota, James Scicluna, Juan Miguel
Gomez, Dumitru Roman, and Dieter Fensel. A P2P Discovery
mechanism for Web Service Execution Environment. In
Proceedings of the 2nd International WSMO Implementation
Workshop (WIW 2005), Innsbruck, Austria, 6 2005.
Implementations WSMX keywords-based discovery
WSML/Flora-2 reasoner
Publications Conference papers:
Dieter Fensel, Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman: Towards a Semantically
enabled Service Oriented Architecture. In Proceedings of the
Semantic2005 Conference - Semantic Systems in the Knowledge
Society - Challenges & Opportunities, Vienna, Austria, November
2005.
Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman, Dieter Fensel: Modeling Semantic Web
Services in ASG: The WSMO-based Approach. In Proceedings of
the Semantic2005 Conference - Semantic Systems in the Knowledge
Society - Challenges & Opportunities, Vienna, Austria, November
2005.
Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman, Kashif Iqbal, Jürgen Hofer, Dieter
Fensel, Stefan Decker: Towards Semantic Web Services in Grid
Environment. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on
Semantic, Knowledge and Grid, Beijing, China, November 2005.
Brahmananda Sapkota, Laurentiu Vasiliu, Ioan Toma, Dumitru
Roman, Chris Bussler: Peer-to-Peer Technology Usage in Web
Service Discovery and Matchmaking. In Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering,
New York City, USA, November 2005.
231

Ioan Toma, Kashif Iqbal, Matthew Moran, Dumitru Roman, Thomas
Strang and Dieter Fensel: An Evaluation of Discovery approaches in
Grid and Web services Environments. In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Grid Services Engineering and
Management, Erfurt, Germany, September 2005.
Mumtaz Siddiqui, Thomas Fahringer, Jürgen Hofer, and Ioan Toma:
Grid Resource Ontology and Correlation. In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Grid Services Engineering and
Management, Erfurt, Germany, September 2005.
Michael Stollberg, Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma, Uwe Keller,
Reinhold Herzog, Peter Zugmann, and Dieter Fensel: Semantic Web
Fred - Automated Goal Resolution on the Semantic Web. In
Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System
Science, January 2005.
Ioan Alfred Letia and Ioan Toma: Using Neural Network ensemble
based on genetic algorithms to optimise a Semantic Perceptron Net,
CSCS-14 14th International Conference on Control Systems and
Computer Science Bucharest, Romania, July 2003 pg. 120-126
Toderean Gavril, Ioan Toma, Chira Gabriela, Vescan Radu, Jurca
Cristian and Inclezan Alin: GPS Real-Time Car Navigation System,
AQTR-THETA13, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, May 2002 pg.363-369
Workshop papers:
Omair Shafiq, Ioan Toma, Reto Krummenacher, Thomas Strang, and
Dieter Fensel: Using Triple Space Computing for communication
and coordination in Semantic Grid. In Proc. of the 3rd Semantic Grid
Workshop in conj. with the 16th Global Grid Forum, Athens, Greece,
February 13-16, 2006
Axel Polleres, Ioan Toma and Dieter Fensel: Modeling services on
the Semantic Grid}. In Proceedings of the Semantic Grid Dagsthul
Seminar, Dagstuhl, Germany, June 2005.
Ioan Toma, Brahmananda Sapkota, James Scicluna, Juan Miguel
Gomez, Dumitru Roman, and Dieter Fensel: A P2P Discovery
mechanism for Web Service Execution Environment. In Proceedings
of the 2nd International WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW
2005), Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005.
232

Juan Miguel Gomez, Armin Haler, Ioan Toma, Brahmananda
Sapkota and Christoph Bussler: B2B Conversations based on the
WSMX architecture. WSMO Implementation Workshop (WIW
2005), Innsbruck, Austria, June 2005.
Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres and Ioan
Toma: WWW or What is Wrong with Web service discovery.
Position paper at the W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics
in Web Services, June 9-10, 2005, Innsbruck, Austria.
Poster papers:
Ioan Toma, Kashif Iqbal and Dumitru Roman: Adaptive Services
Grid. Poster paper at the 4th International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC 2005), November 6-11, 2005, Galway, Ireland.
Chapters in Books:
Dumitru Roman, Jos de Bruijn, Adrian Mocan, Ioan Toma, Holger
Lausen, Jacek Kopecky, Dieter Fensel, John Domingue, Stefania
Galizia, and Liliana Cabral: Semantic Web Services - Approaches
and Perspectives. In J. Davies, P. Warren, and R. Studer (eds.),
Semantic Web Technologies: Trends and Research in Ontologybased
Systems, June, 2006 (forthcoming).
Standardization Documents:
Christoph Bussler, Emilia Cimpian, Dieter Fensel, Juan Miguel
Gomez, Armi Haller, Thomas Haselwanter, Mick Kerrigan, Adrian
Mocan, Matthew Moran, Eyal Oren, Brahmanada Sapkota, Ioan
Toma, Jana Viskova, Tomas Vitvar, Maciej Zaremba and Michal
Zaremba: Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX). W3C
Member Submission 4 April 2005.
Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Michael Kifer, Jacek Kopecký, Rubén
Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, Dumitru Roman, James Scicluna
and Ioan Toma: Relationship of WSMO to Other Relevant
Technologies. W3C Member Submission 3 June 2005.
Technical Reports:
Daniel Bachlechner, Katharina Siorpaes, Dieter Fensel and Ioan
233

Toma: Web Service Discovery - A Reality Check, DERI, 2006
Deliverables:
Ioan Toma, Adina Sirbu, Sven Groppe, Jürgen Umbrich and Jinghua
Groppe. WSML reasoner engine implementation 1st release, ASG
(Adaptive Services Grid), 2006.
Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma, Adina Sirbu, Sven Groppe, Sanaullah
Nazir. Collection of semantic specifications for ASG services, ASG
(Adaptive Services Grid), 2006.
Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma and Tomasz Kaczmarek. Requirements
analysis on service specification language, ASG (Adaptive Services
Grid), 2005.
Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma and Tomasz Kaczmarek. Requirements
analysis on service specification language, ASG (Adaptive Services
Grid), 2005.
Dumitru Roman and Ioan Toma. Requirements analysis on ASG
interface, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Kashif Iqbal, Ioan Toma, Bernhard Tausch and Ville Tormala.
Requirements analysis for Service and Resource Matchmaking, ASG
(Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Ioan Toma, Kashif Iqbal, Bernhard Tausch, Jarno Heikkila and
Dumitru Roman. Evaluation of current effort in Service and
Resource Matchmaking, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Tomasz Kaczmarek, Marek
Kowalkiewicz, Reto Krummenacher, Holger Lausen, Michael Kifer,
Axel Polleres, Livia Predoiu, Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma. Service
description language, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Tomasz Kaczmarek, Marek Kowalkiewicz, Dumitru Roman, Ioan
Toma, Karol Wieloch, Wojciech Zalech. Comparison of current Grid
and Web service description efforts}, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid),
2005.
Matthew Moran, Ioan Toma. Evaluation of current service interface
efforts, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Jörg Barthold, Bernard Tausch, Pasi Tiitien, Ioan Toma, Dumitru
234

Roman, Jarno Heikkilä, Sergiy Nikitin. Evaluation of existing
approaches in registries, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Pasi Tiitien, Anton Naumenko, Sergiy Nikitin, Jörg Barthold, Ioan
Toma, Dumitru Roman, Bernard Tausch. Requirement Analysis on
service registries}, ASG (Adaptive Services Grid), 2005.
Sinuhe Arroyo, Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman, Christian Drumm,
Marin Dimitrov, Murray Spork, Gabor Nagypal, John Domingue and
Jan Henke. D3.1 Report on State of the Art and Requirements
analysis, WP 3 – Service Ontologies and Service Description, DIP
(Data, Information and Processes), 2004.
Ioan Toma, Michael Stollberg, Jos de Bruijn, Axel Polleres, Ruben
Lara. D2 SWF Language Evaluation and Comparison}, SWF
(Semantic Web Fred), 2004.
Michael Stollberg, Ioan Toma, Uwe Keller, Bernhard Keimel, Peter
Zugmann. SWF Use Case, SWF (Semantic Web Fred), 2004.
Michael Stollberg, Ioan Toma, Uwe Keller, Peter Zugmann,
Bernhard Keimel. SWF Architecture, Tools and Mechanisms, SWF
(Semantic Web Fred), 2004.
Ioan Toma, Dumitru Roman, Kashif Iqbal. D25.1 WSMO and Grid,
WSMO (Web Service Modeling Ontology), 2004.
Ioan Toma. D28.4 Non-functional properties in Web services,
WSML (Web Service Modeling Language), 2006.
Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara, Axel Polleres, Ioan Toma, Michel Kifer,
Dieter Fensel. D5.1 WSMO Web Service Discovery, WSML (Web
Service Modeling Language), 2004.
Rubén Lara, Walter Binder, Ion Constantinescu, Dieter Fensel, Uwe
Keller, Jeff Pan, Elena Paslaru, Marco Pistore, Axel Polleres, Ioan
Toma, Paulo Traverso, Michal Zaremba. D2.4.2 Semantics for Web
Service Discovery and Composition, KnowledgeWeb, 2004.
Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Axel Polleres, Livia
Predoiu, Ioan Toma. D5.2 WSMO Discovery Engine, WSML (Web
Service Modeling Language), 2004.
Enrica Dente, Jacek Kopecky, Francisco Jose Martin-Recuerda
Moyano, Dumitru Roman, Ioan Toma. Integrating WSMX with
Tuple and Triple Space Computing, WSMX (Web Service Modeling
235

Execution Environment), 2004.
6.4.3. Senior Researcher
Senior Researchers
No Name Topic
5 Dr. Michael Jäger
6 Dr. Axel Polleres
7 Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Strang Reasoning
6.4.3.1. Michael Jäger
Name
Entry date
Cluster
Objective
Projects
Research topic
Progress
towards
PhD/Habil
Implementations
Publications
Michael C. Jaeger
October, 2006 (planned)
SEE
Clarifying links between the ISO RM-ODP and state-of-the-art
distributed systems
Open Distributed Systems
PhD submission in progress, planned submission first week of Sept.
planned defense until end of 2006.
6.4.3.2. Axel Polleres
Name
Dr. Axel Polleres
Entry date Oktober 2003
Cluster Ubiquitous Services
Objective Integration of Rules and Ontologies, Rule Based/Logic Programming
based Description of Web Services, Answer Set Programming,
Integration of SPARQL and Rules
Projects BIT (activity completed),
TripCom, KWeb, W3C RIF WG (ongoing)
ExpertFinder (not yet funded)
Research topic Ontologies, Rules, Semantic Web Service Description
236

Progress
towards
PhD/Habil
On track towards Habil. Since PhD established recognized position
in a for me completely new research community (SW/SWS) with
numerous publications, gained teaching experience, community
activities (organizing workshops, managed W3C member
submissions, etc.) already.
Habil planned within two years from now.
Goals:
• Several journal articles (minimum 3, one of which solo
author) since these are still too few,
• Successful completion of the TripCom project, where I plan
to stay active.
• More progress with the RIF WG.
• Joint project (e.g. FP7) of URJC and the DERI Innsbruck
RSWS cluster), probably based on the ExpertFinder initiative
Open issue:
Whether to do the Habilitation in Innsbruck or in Madrid (Mainly
administrative issue)
Implementations The DLV K planning system,
SPAR 2 QL (LP-based SPARQL Engine, ongoing)
Publications http://www.polleres.net/publications.html
bibtex file upon request.
237

6.4.3.3. Thomas Strang
Name
Thomas Strang
Entry date October 2004
Cluster Ubiquitous Services
Objective involved in
(5) Discovery, (6) Adaptation, (10) Grounding, (14) Storage and
Communication via cluster members
Projects Teaching
Research topics • Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing, Context-Awareness
• Service Discovery and Service Execution, Service
Frameworks
• Web Services, Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services
• Smart Mobile Devices
• Short Range and Ad-hoc Networks
• Distributed Systems, Distribution Platforms
• Communications
Progress
towards Habil
So far, nothing really substantial beside the publications and some
conference chairing has been done towards a habil. Simply no time!
:(
If there would be some time, I would focus towards something
entitled "Service Discovery Techniques on different levels of
abstractions".
Implementations Couldn't touch a compiler for about 1.5 years due to lack of time...
(Well, in fact I started a compiler 3 times or so to check some code
snippets for a lecture, but I assume that doesn't count...)
Publications Strang, Thomas; Meyer zu Hörste, Michael; Lemmer, Karsten
(2006): The new European Satellite Navigation System Galileo as a
kernel for a Railway Collision Avoidance System. In: Proceedings,
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ortung und Navigation (DGON),
International Symposium on Certification of GNSS Systems and
Services (CERGAL 2006), Braunschweig, Germany, 2006-04-04 -
2006-04-05
Strang, Thomas; Meyer zu Hörste, Michael (2006): Galileo as a
kernel for Railway Collision Avoidance System. In: Proceedings,
NavAge 2006, Prague, Czech Republic, 2006-03-28 - 2006-03-29

Krummenacher, Reto; Strang, Thomas; Fensel, Dieter (2006): Triple
Spaces for a Ubiquitous Web of Services. In: Online Proceedings,
W3C Workshop on the Ubiquitous Web, Tokyo, Japan, 2006-03-09 -
2006-03-10
Shafiq, Omair; Toma, Ioan; Krummenacher, Reto; Strang, Thomas;
Fensel, Dieter (2006): Using Triple-Space Computing for
communication and coordination in Semantic Grid. In: Proceedings
of 3rd Semantic Grid Workshop at the 16th Global Grid Forum, 3rd
Semantic Grid Workshop at the 16th Global Grid Forum, Athens,
Greece, 2006-02-13 - 2006-02-16
Strang, Thomas (2006): Geographische Authentifikation und
Signatur. In: GI e.V. [Hrsg.]: Proceedings der 3. Jahrestagung
Fachbereich Sicherheit in der Gesellschaft für Informatik (Sicherheit
2006), Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), P-77, S. 192 - 200, 3.
Jahrestagung Fachbereich Sicherheit in der Gesellschaft für
Informatik (Sicherheit 2006), Magdeburg, Deutschland, 2006-02-20
- 2006-02-22, ISBN 3-88579-171-4, ISSN 1617-5468
Strang, Thomas (2005): Invited Talk: Semantic Web - Grounding a
Vision. CMS Day, Bolzano (Italy), 2005-11-11
Stollberg, Michael; Strang, Thomas (2005): Integrating Agents,
Ontologies, and Semantic Web Services for Collaboration on the
Semantic Web. In: Proceedings of the AAAI-FSS05, 1st
International Symposium on Agents and the Semantic Web (AAAI-
FSS05), 1st International Symposium on Agents and the Semantic
Web (AAAI-FSS05), Arlington, Virginia, USA, November 3 - 6,
2005
Krummenacher, Reto; Kopecky, Jacek; Strang, Thomas (2005):
Sharing Context Information with Semantic Spaces. In: Meersman,
Robert; Tari, Zahir; Herrero, Pilar [Hrsg.]: Proceedings, Lecture
Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3762, Springer-Verlag, S. 229 -
232, Workshop on Context-Aware Mobile Systems (CAMS 2005) as
part of OnTheMove Fedarated Conferences (OTM 2005), Agia
Napa, Cyprus, 2005-10-30 - 2005-11-04, ISBN 3-540-29739-1,
ISSN 0302-9743
Strang, Thomas; Meyer zu Hörste, Michael; Gu, Xiaogang (2005):
Sicherer Schienenverkehr mit GALILEO. In: DLR-PD [Hrsg.]:,
Verkehrstechnischer Tag, S. 51 - 58 2. Verkehrstechnischer Tag des
DLR: Mobil sein - mobil bleiben, Berlin, Germany, 2005-09-28,
ISSN 1861-552X
239

Krummenacher, Reto; Strang, Thomas (2005): Ubiquitous Semantic
Spaces. In: Adjunct Proceedings, 7th International Conference on
Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2005), Tokyo, Japan, 2005-09-11
- 2005-09-14
Zukunft, Detlef; Giszczak, Adam; Meyer zu Hörste, Michael;
Noack, Thoralf; Strang, Thomas; Lenz, Barbara; Schäfer, Ralf-Peter;
Schlingelhof, Marius (2005): Exposé GALILEO im Verkehr -
Anwendungspotential und DLR-Expertisen. In: DLR
Programmdirektion Verkehr [Hrsg.]: Exposé GALILEO im Verkehr
- Anwendungspotential und DLR-Expertisen
(2005): Location- and Context-Awareness. Strang, Thomas;
Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia [Hrsg.]:, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, LNCS 3479, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 378 S.,
International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness
(LoCA 2005), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 2005-05-12 - 2005-05-
13, ISBN 3-540-25896-5, ISSN 0302-9743
Strimpakou, Maria; Roussaki, Ioanna; Anagnostou, Miltos; Pils,
Carsten; Angermann, Michael; Robertson, Patrick (2005): Context
Modelling and Management in Ambient-aware Pervasive
Environments. In: Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia
[Hrsg.]: LoCA 2005: Int. workshop on Location- and Context-
Awareness, LoCA 2005, Wessling, Deutschland, 2005-05-12
(2005): Advances in Pervasive Computing. Adjunct Proceedings of
the Third International Conference on Pervasive Computing.
Ferscha, Alois; Mayrhofer, Rene; Strang, Thomas; Dey, Anind;
Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia; Butz, Andreas; Schmidt, Albrecht
[Hrsg.]:, Österreichische Computer Gesellschaft (OCG), 204 S.,
Pervasive 2005, Munich, Germany, 2005-05-08 - 2005-05-13, ISBN
3-85403-191-2
Angermann, Michael; Robertson, Patrick; Strang, Thomas (2005):
Issues and Requirements for Bayesian Approaches in Context Aware
Systems. In: Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia [Hrsg.]:
LoCA 2005: Int. workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness,
LoCA 2005, Wessling Deutschland, 2005-05-12
Dammann, Armin; Del Sorbo, Filomena; Plass, Simon; Raulefs,
Ronald; Robertson, Patrick; Rosati, Laura; Sand, Stephan; Schnell,
Michael; Strang, Thomas; Kaiser, Stefan (2005): Survey on EU
Research Activities in Terrestrial Wireless and Mobile Satellite
Communications. In: Kaiser, Stefan; Dammann, Armin [Hrsg.]:
240

Strang, Thomas (2005): Invited Talk: To know where to go -
Semantics in eTourism. ENTER 2005, Innsbruck/Austria, 26 - 28
January, 2005, Innsbruck/Austria
Stollberg, Michael; Strang, Thomas; Fensel, Dieter (2005):
Automated Collaboration on the Semantic Web. International
Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, 17 (1)
Strang, Thomas (2005): Invited Talk: Challenges of Designing
Services for Smart Mobile Devices. IT Seminar, Sydney/Australia,
23. February 2005
Strang, Thomas (2005): Invited Talk: Context Modelling for
Ubiquitous Computing. Basser Seminar, Sydney/Australia, 9.
February 2005
Strang, Thomas (2005): Invited Talk: SoftLocations. Scientific
Colloquium, Sydney/Australia, 17. February 2005
Toma, I.; Iqbal, K.; Moran, M.; Roman, D.; Strang, Thomas; Fensel,
D. (2005): An Evaluation of Discovery approaches in Grid and Web
services Environments. In: Tagungsband Net.ObjectDays, 2nd
International Conference on Grid Service Engineering and
Management (GSEM 2005), Erfurt, Germany, September 19-22,
2005, ISBN 3-9808628-4-4
Toma, Ioan; Iqbal, Kashif; Moran, Matthew; Roman, Dimitru;
Strang, Thomas; Fensel, Dieter (2005): An Evaluation of Discovery
approaches in Grid and Web services Environments. In: Proceedings
of the Net.ObjectDays 2005, 2nd International Conference on Grid
service Engineering and Management (GSEM 2005), Erfurt,
Germany, 2005-09-19 - 2005-09-22, ISBN 3-9808628-4-4
Strang, Thomas (2004): Invited Talk: Are we already at the dead end
of context modelling and retrieval? KI 2004 Workshop on Context
Modelling and Retrieval (MRC 2004), Ulm, Germany, 2004-09-20 -
2004-09-21
Wendlandt, Kai; Robertson, Patrick; Angermann, Michael; Strang,
Thomas; Kammann, Jens; Wasel, Christian; Dorsch, Thaddäus
(2004): Experiences from Ramping Up an Environment for Mobile
Information Access. In: University of Strathclyde [Hrsg.]:
Proceedings Mobile and Ubiquitous Information Access Workshop
(MUIA), MobileHCI04, Glasgow, Scotland, 2004-09-13 - 2004-09-
16
241

Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia (2004): A Context
Modeling Survey. In: Workshop Proceedings, First International
Workshop on Advanced Context Modelling, Reasoning And
Management at UbiComp 2004, Nottingham, England, September 7,
2004, Nottingham, UK
Strang, Thomas (2004): Service-Interoperabilität in Ubiquitous
Computing Umgebungen. Dissertation, S. 168, LMU München
(Informatik), ISBN 3-8007-2823-0
Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia; Frank, Korbinian (2003):
CoOL: A Context Ontology Language to enable Contextual
Interoperability. In: Stefani, Jean-Bernard; Demeure, Isabelle;
Hagimont, Daniel [Hrsg.]: Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, LNCS 2893, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, S. 236 - 247, 4th
IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Distributed Applications
and Interoperable Systems (DAIS 2003), Paris, France, 2003-11-17 -
2003-11-21, ISBN 3-540-20529-2, ISSN 0302-9743
Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia; Frank, Korbinian (2003):
Integration Issues of an Ontology based Context Modelling
Approach. In: Isaias, Pedro; Karmakar, Nitya [Hrsg.]: Proceedings
of ICWI2003, S. 361 - 368, IADIS International Conference
WWW/Internet 2003, Algarve, Portugal, 2003-11-05 - 2003-11-08,
ISBN 972-98947-1-X
Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia; Frank, Korbinian (2003):
Applications of a Context Ontology Language. In: IEEE - COMSOC
[Hrsg.]: Proceedings of SoftCOM 2003, S. 14 - 18, 11th
International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and
Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2003), Split, Dubrovnik, Croatia and
Ancona, Venice, Italy, 2003-10-07 - 2003-10-10, ISBN 953-6114-
64-X
Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia; Roeckl, Matthias (2003):
Highlevel Service Handover through a Contextual Framework. In:
Kaefer, Johannes; Zuendt, Maximilian [Hrsg.]: Proceedings of the
8th summit on Mobile Multimedia and Communications, Center for
Digital Technology and Management (CDTM), S. 405 - 410, 8th
International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications
(MoMuC 2003), Munich, Germany, 2003-10-05 - 2003-10-08, ISBN
3-9808842-9-5
Strang, Thomas (2003): Invited Talk: Service Interoperabilität in
Ubiquitous Computing Umgebungen. Wissenschaftliches
Colloquium, Munich, Germany, 2003-07-24
Strang, Thomas; Steingaß, Alexander (2003): Einrichtung zur
242

Navigation einer Person in unbekanntem Terrain, insbesondere in
Gebäuden, unter Zuhilfenahme einer Karte. Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. DE 101 47 691 C 1
Strang, Thomas (2003): Invited Talk: Trends in Mobile Computing -
From Mobile Phone to Context-Aware Service Platform. 38. DFN
Betriebstagung, Berlin, Germany, 2003-03-04 - 2003-03-04
Strang, Thomas; Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia (2003): Service
Interoperabilität auf Kontextebene (Contextual Service
Interoperability). In: Proceedings of XMIDX2003, Lecture Notes in
Informatics (LNI), P-24, GI e.V., S. 95 - 102, Workshop XML-
Technologien für Middleware / Middleware für XML-
Anwendungen, Berlin/Germany, 2003-02-17 - 2003-02-18, ISBN 3-
88579-353-9, ISSN 1617-5468Strang, Thomas (2003): Towards
Autonomous Services for Smart Mobile Devices. In: Chen, Ming-
Syan; Chrysanthis, Panos K.; Sloman, Morris; Zaslavsky, Arkady
[Hrsg.]: Proceedings of MDM 2003, “Lecture Notes in Computer
Science”, LNCS 2574, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, S. 279 - 293,
4th International Conference on Mobile Data Management,
Melbourne, Australia, 2003-01-21 - 2003-01-24, ISBN 3-540-00393-
2, ISSN 0302-9743
Strang, Thomas; Linnhof-Popien, Claudia (2003): Service
Interoperability on Context Level in Ubiquitous Computing
Environments. In: Proceedings, International Conference on
Advances in Infrastructure for Electronic Business, Education,
Science, Medicine, and Mobile Technologies on the Internet,
L'Aquila, Italy, 2003-01-06 - 2003-01-12, ISBN 88-85280-75-7
Strang, Thomas (2003): Technischer Bericht IB 554-03/02:
Vergleich von Wissensmodellen., IB 554-03/02
Sakarelis, Ioannis; Strang, Thomas; Dorsch, Thaddaeus; Robertson,
Patrick (2002): Contract Based Late Security Binding. In: VDE
[Hrsg.]: Proceedings of EURESCOM Summit 2002, EURESCOM
Summit 2002, Heidelberg/Germany, 21 - 24 October 2002,
Heidelberg/Germany
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Kühndel, Frank; Robertson,
Patrick; Strang, Thomas; Wendlandt, Kai (2002): The Heywow
System for Location Based Services: Combining Navigation,
Distributed Services and Intelligent Mobile Devices., VDE VDE -
Kongress Networlds, Dresden, Germany, 2002-10-01
Strang, Thomas (2002): Towards Autonomous Context-Aware
Services for Smart Mobile Devices. Wissenschaftliches Colloquium,
243

München, 2002-03-12
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Kühndel, Frank; Robertson,
Patrick; Strang, Thomas; Wendlandt, Kai (2002): Ortsbezogene
mobile Dienste über heterogene Netze - Teil 1.
Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift, 55 (4), NTZ
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Kühndel, Frank; Robertson,
Patrick; Strang, Thomas; Wendlandt, Kai (2002): Ortsbezogene
mobile Dienste über heterogene Netze - Teil 2.
Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift, 55 (5), NTZ
Strang, Thomas; Meyer, Melanie (2002): Agent-Environment for
Small Mobile Devices. In: HPOVUA - HP OpenView University
Association [Hrsg.]: HPOVUA: Electronic Proceedings, 9th HP
OpenView University Association (HP-OVUA) Workshop, June 11-
13, 2002 - via video conference, multiplace video conference
Strang, Thomas (2001): Invited Talk: Heywow - Eine innovative
Plattform für Mobile Dienste. Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium des
DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 2001-09-17
Wendlandt, Kai; Kammann, Jens; Strang, Thomas (2001): Mobile
services over short range communication. In: Proceedings of
Commercial Radio Sensor and Communication Technology
Workshop, Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner (Linz), CRSCT01,
Linz, Austria, 2001-08-23
Strang, Thomas (2001): Technical Report: Bluetooth integration into
CLDC/MIDP., DLR-IB 554-01/06, 8 S.
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Robertson, Patrick; Steingaß,
Alexander; Strang, Thomas (2001): Software Representation for
Heterogeneous Data Sources Within A Probabilistic Framework. In:
Proceedings LOCELLUS 2001, International Symposium on
Location Based Services for Cellular Users, Munich/Germany, Feb.
2001, München
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Robertson, Patrick;
Steingass, Alexander; Strang, Thomas (2001): Software
Representation for Heterogeneous Location Data Sources Within A
Probabilistic Framework. In: Proceedings, International Symposium
on Location Based Services for Cellular Users, Munich, Germany,
Feb 2001
Angermann, Michael; Kammann, Jens; Strang, Thomas (2001): Eine
Plattform für den M-Commerce. Technik in Bayern, Januar 2001,
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, S. 18
244

Dorsch, Thaddaeus; Robertson, Patrick; Sakarelis, Ioannis; Strang,
Thomas; Schiek, Ulrich (2001): Security Aspects of the Multimedia
Car Platform. In: HHI [Hrsg.]: Workshop on Multiradio Multimedia
Communications (MMC 2001), Workshop on Multiradio
Multimedia Communications, Berlin, 22. - 23. November 2001,
Berlin
Strang, Thomas; Angermann, Michael (2000): Invited Talk:
Heywow - A service platform for the needs of people on the move.
5th Jini Community Meeting, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2000-
12-10 - 2000-12-11
245

7. Beyond Research: Teaching, Business Development, and General Mangement
The following section adds further activities of DERI beyond its focus on research. These
activities are related to teaching, business development, and general management
7.1 Teaching
7.1.1. General Description
DERI is incorporated in the faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics
(MIP) as the counterpart of the Institute of Computer Science (IFI) since January 2006.
According to the organizational structure of the University of Innsbruck, DERI is a
Research Institute which implies a shift of the trichotomy of research, teaching and
administration of a regular institute towards a focus on research.
However, DERI commits itself to contribute to teaching for several reasons, including the
fact that only a substantiated education will lead to qualified researchers in the future.
Furthermore, teaching is a first class opportunity to effectively transfer the knowledge
gained in academic research into the companies eventually hiring students when they
reached their degrees, which is exactly the objective of the support programmes of the
“Tiroler Zukunftstiftung” and TransIT.
As of August 2006, the following DERI employees have teaching duties according to
their contract who contribute on all levels of teaching (Bachelor Program, Master
Program, PhD Program).
Teaching
Name
Dieter Fensel
Thomas Strang
Michal Zaremba 3
Reto Krummenacher
Ioan Toma
Dumitru Roman
Francois Scharffe
Professor
Professor
0.5 K1
K2
K2
K2
K2
On top of that, the following DERI employees offer or have recently offered lectures to
UIBK students as freelancers which is awarded by the institute of computer science in
particular because of their expertise in the field of their lectures.
3 contract to be given to Ying Ding with start of WS 2006/2007 in October 2006
246

Freelancers
Name
Martin Hepp
Ying Ding
David O`Sullivan (DERI Galway)
Jos de Bruijn
Jacek Kopecky
Cristina Feier
A recent development with strong impact to teaching will be the introduction of new
curricula which are expected to become effective in WS 2007/2008. The Curriculum
Committee, where DERI was also represented, has been taking this opportunity to
completely revise the bachelor and master curricula. A few key points of the new
curricula are
• a common first semester for all bachelor students in MIP
• only one Bachelor thesis instead of two
• Master program will be no longer organized in streams (one stream per
group), but in modules
Beside the Bachelor and Master curricula, DERI is also involved in defining and
establishing a new master course in Information Systems (“Wirtschaftsinformatik'”) at
the Innsbruck University School of Management.
Most of our PhD students and all of the PostDocs provide supervision of bachelor 4 and
master theses.
Bachelor and Master Theses
Title Tutor Student Type Status
Web Data
Extraction and
Reconditioning
Reasoning with
Ontologies
Semantic
frameworks for
Grid and Web
Services
Reasoning with
Ontologies
Survey on Web
Service Discovery
Holger Lausen Alex Stolz Bachelor Completed
Uwe Keller Doris Silbernagl Bachelor Completed
Ioan Toma Stefan Pröll Bachelor Completed
Uwe Keller
Uwe Keller
Christoph
Steinach
Andreas
Parschalk
Bachelor Completed
Bachelor Completed
4 According to the current computer science curriculum, each student has to submit 2 Bachelor theses and 1
Master thesis
247

WSMX Axel Polleres Thomas
Haselwanter
Wikis und Blogs Axel Polleres Manuela
Weitlanter
AI Planning and Axel Polleres Hannes
Web Services
Tammerle
AI Planning and Axel Polleres Britta
Web Services
Tautermann
Web Service Holger Lausen Katharina
Development
Siorpaes
Bachelor Completed
Bachelor Completed
Bachelor Completed
Bachelor Completed
Bachelor Completed
A survey on Web
Service
Composition
Katharina
Siorpaes
Bachelor Completed
A survey on Web
Service
Composition
Kathrin Prantner
Bachelor Completed
Transactions and
Flow in Web
Services
Dynamic website
and communication
efforts
Comparison of
Web Service
Development
Environments
Inferencing and
Reasoning with
Ontology Web
Language (OWL)
Web Service for
XIMS
Dumitru Roman Uzochukwu Ejike Bachelor Completed
Axel Polleres Stefan Kirchmair Bachelor Completed
Holger Lausen Stefan Brugger Bachelor Completed
Holger Lausen Michael Felderer Bachelor Completed
Holger Lausen
Britta
Tautermann
Bachelor Completed
248

Ubiquitous
Computing vs.
Privatsphäre am
Beispiel von
Location Based
Services
WSML-DL
Reasoner
Thomas Strang Melanie Plattner Bachelor Completed
Holger Lausen
Nathalie
Steinmetz
Bachelor Completed
Combining First-
Order Logic and
Logic Programs
Semantic Web and
e-Tourism:
Investigating
opportunities and
downfalls of
applying Semantic
Web technology in
e-tourism
Location-based
Authentication for
Mobile Devices
Jos de Bruijn Michael Felderer Master Completed
Ying Ding
Katharina
Siorpaes
Master
Completed
Thomas Strang Matthias Pressnig Bachelor Assigned
Social Network
Analyzer
Thomas Stang
Daniel
Bachlechner
Bachelor Assigned
Visualizing WSML
using an UML
Profile
Holger Lausen Martin Tanler Bachelor Assigned
Online Evaluation
System
Thomas Strang
Benedikt
Pfurtscheller
Bachelor Assigned
Online Evaluation
System
Thomas Strang Pire Dejaco Bachelor Assigned
249

The role of Non-
Functional
Properties in
Service
descriptions
Distributed
Discovery for Web
Services
Distributed
Discovery for Web
Services
Integrated user tool
for creation,
registration and
invocation of
Semantic Services
(implementation)
Parsing and
Serialization of
WSML
Ioan Toma Philip Kahle Bachelor Assigned
Ioan Toma Stefan Pröll Bachelor Assigned
Ioan Toma Thomas Berger Bachelor Assigned
Ioan Toma Manuel Brunner Bachelor Assigned
Reto Krummenacher
Hannes
Innerhofer
Bachelor Assigned
Survey on Goal
driven
Architectures
Michael Stollberg
Bachelor
Testbed for Mobile
TSC
Reto Krummenacher David Hellekalek Bachelor Assigned
Java API for
Mobile TSC/YARS
Reto Krummenacher Matthias Farwick Bachelor Assigned
TSC
Implementation for
Mobile Devices
Car2Car
Application Model
Reto Krummenacher Mark Mattern Bachelor Assigned
Thomas Stang Manuel Pigneter Bachelor Assigend
250

7.2 Business Development
In the following we describe the business development unit in general terms, in terms of
the project it takes care, and in terms of its members.
7.2.1. General Description
Name Business Development
Acronym BD
Web site http://www.deri.at/about/business-development/
Leader Sigurd Harand (0,4)
Team Senior Researchers:
Sigurd Harand
Junior Researchers:
Michael Stollberg (0,4) (BD Delivery and Implementation)
Projects
Mission
Major
tasks and
deliverables
Students:
Melanie Plattner (0,2) (Administration)
Vedrana Celikovic (0,1) (Business Plan)
DERI BusinessDevelopment
Though leading research people especially in Europe and a very large
“semantic” community is working on SWS, the software and industry
market outside those groups is not understanding or recognizing the
expected benefits of these technologies. They are pursuing conventional
methodologies for IT solutions or, if the latter ones become to expensive,
are trying to outsource them to low salary countries, destroying thereby
opportunities both for local academia and IT industry.
The Mission of DERI Business Development is therefore
- to make the need, importance and added value of the
SWS research activities understandable and visible for the IT
industry
- to establish in DERI and academia awareness of industry
requirements and needs and
- to act as a catalyst for applied research activities and cooperative
projects.
By fulfilling this mission therefore DERI will create substantial added
value for the IT environment in Tyrol and Austria and sustain there
subject opportunities.
Seminars, training and education activities
SWS Key note presentations to provide a non-technical audience
(participants of IT conferences, User-group meetings, CIOs, IT-decision
makers) with a State-of-the art overview of SWS, and to make them aware
of SWS research activities and their impact to IT. CIOs and decision
251

makers should understand why their organizations have to invest now in
these new technologies, the added value they gain and the risks they face
otherwise.
“Awareness Workshops” to make the industry aware of SWS research
activities and their impact to IT. CIOs and decision makers should
understand why their organizations have to invest now in these new
technologies, the added value they gain and the risks they face otherwise.
An effective lobbying strategy will be used to accomplish proper
participation of the target audience.
Academic Seminars “Applied Research” to create in academia a subject
mind setting, i.e. for the industrial requirements for SWS, ontologies,
tools, etc. The researchers should also understand the impact of research to
the industry as well as resulting business opportunities. A prototype
seminar has been held in Spring 2006, (“Applied Ontologies” Martin
Hepp)
Customer training and education activities based on the Tutorials on
WSMO, Semantic Web and Semantic Web Service, which have been
proven quite successfully since about 18 months. The existing training
material will be subject of enhancement and extension.
Cooperative Research / Development projects
Feasibility studies to demonstrate in a specific customer environment the
added value of SWS technology show its feasibility and provide
information for further steps. DERI researcher will gain in-depth
knowledge of industry requirements.
Customized ontology engineering to apply or develop together with
customer development teams specific IT solutions based on ontologies.
Individual “Applied Research” activities at a specific customer
environment on a fee base. These activities include also publications of
Master thesis’s academic papers, etc.
Product / Tools offerings
There is a series of “academic prototypes” at the disposal of DERI, which
can be upgraded to a level of quality which allows also external usage.
These tools will be marketed as prototypes or pre-products in BD projects.
7.2.2. Projects
Here we have the following projects:
• DERI BusinessDevelopment
252

7.2.2.1. DERI BusinessDevelopment
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
DERI BusinessDevelopment
DERI BusinessDevelopment
TransIT
BD
Sigurd Harand
Applications
http://www.deri.at/about/business-development/
Senior Researchers:
Sigurd Harand
Mission
Junior Researchers:
Michael Stollberg (0,4) (BD Delivery and Implementation)
Holger Lausen
Students:
Melanie Plattner (0,2) (Administration)
Vedrana Celikovic (0,1) (Business Plan)
Business Development: Disseminate DERI expertise and IPR into
business applications and foster high-tech start-ups based on semantic
technology in Tyrol and elsewhere
Total 60 per months 1,6
Budget (in
terms of
m*m)
Duration 36 months 01/05 – 12/07
Major tasks
Cooperative Research / Development projects
Applied research sponsored by industrial partners
Feasibility studies
Customized Ontology Engineering
Training and education activities
„Awareness“ Workshops
Technical Tutorials
Product / Tools offerings upgrade assets available in DERI into
marketable quality assured components or pre-products
Deliverables • 3.1.4 eTourism research project
• 3.1.6 M24 Review of Professional Development Plans
• 3.1.7 M36 Review of Professional Development Plans
• 4.1.10 Sponsoring concept and implementation
• 4.1.11 Business Plan Award concept and implementation
• 4.1.12 Start-Up workshop concept and implementation (Holger,
Michael)
• 4.1.13 Start-Up consulting concept (Holger, Michael)
• 4.1.14 USP development master plan (SH)
• 4.1.15 Requirements for product packages A & B (SH)
253

• 4.1.16 Prototype of core functions for product package A
• 4.1.17 Deployment announcement white paper
• 4.1.18 Delivery product package A
• 4.1.19 Partner agreements
• 4.1.20 Prototype of core functions of product package B
• 4.1.21 Requirements for product package C
• 4.1.22 Prototype of core function of product package C
• 4.1.23 Delivery product package B
• 4.1.24 SWS Deployment Channels Setup strategy
• 4.1.25 Delivery product package C
• 5.1.2 Select candidates and define goals for each candidate
• 5.1.5 M24 Revision of the program
254

7.3. Central Management Unit
In the following we describe some projects that are taken care by the central management
unit:
• DERI Exchange
• DERI Sustainability
• Knowledge Web Network
7.3.1. DERI Exchange
DERI Exchange
Name
Acronym TransIT
Funding line Entwicklungs- und Transfercenter University Innsbruck
Cluster CMU
Leader Alice Carpentier
Objective n/a
Website n/a
Team n/a
Mission • Student Exchange: Strengthen worldwide DERI‘s attractiveness
for top PhD candidates by well established
exchange tracks leading Universities e.g. Stanford, USA.
Budget (in Total 0 Per month 0
terms of
m*m)
Duration 36 months 01/05 – 12/07
Major tasks Student exchange program
Establish an well flourishing student exchange program between select
Countries to achieve synergy and to increase UIBK’s attractiveness for
PhD students
Enable transfers
Provide logistics and framework
Deliverables • 5.1.2 Select candidates and define goals for each candidate
• 5.1.5 M24 Revision of the program
7.3.2. DERI Sustainability
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
DERI Sustainability
TransIT
Entwicklungs- und Transfercenter University Innsbruck
CMU
Christian Mayer
n/a
n/a

Team n/a
Mission • Sustainability and Management Support: Make DERI @UIBK a
lasting asset
Budget (in Total 45 per months 1,25
terms of
m*m)
Duration 36 months 01/05 – 12/07
Major tasks Sustainability
Develop, implement and sustain career paths for senior researchers
Deliverables 12/05: Develop career paths for senior researchers
12/05: Review and update of career plans
24/05: Review of Professional Development Plans
36/05: Review of Professional Development Plans
7.3.3. Knowledge Web Network
Name
Acronym
Funding line
Cluster
Leader
Objective
Website
Team
Mission
Knowledge Web: Realizing the Semantic Web Network
KnowledgeWeb Network
IST-FP6
CMU
Alice Carpentier
n/a
n/a
n/a
Ensuring the financing of overall network activities
Budget (in Total 0 per months 0
terms of
m*m)
Duration 48 months 01/04 – 12/07
Major tasks Provision of € 85K to ensure the financing of overall network activities
Deliverables n/a
256

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259

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261

Appendix
Not yet assigned components:
Nr 6
Title Composition
Mission Develop methods to do web service composition (WSC), starting from
statement web service descriptions at various levels of abstraction, specifically, the
functional level and process level components of WSMO. Implement
such methods as tools in the relevant contexts, in particular WSMX.
Find potential applications of WSC technology, model them using
WSMO/WSML, and run case studies with the developed tools,
ultimately resulting in technology export.
Web site
Leader
Cluster
Team
Jörg Hoffmann
Senior Researchers:
Jörg Hoffmann
Junior Researchers:
-
Contributing
projects
Current
Status
Students:
-
Since the working group has yet to be started -- in Sep'06 – the current
status mainly comes down to the previous work done by Jörg Hoffmann.
The relevant work was done in the area of AI Planning, in particular in
Planning under uncertainty. The plan for the first year of the working
group is:
1. Sept'06 - Dec'06: Build on Jörg Hoffmann's previous work to obtain a
prototype doing functional level composition.
22. October 06 – August 07: Contact DERI collaborators from the
industry to solicit potential applications of WSC technology. Model the
applications in WSMO/WSML, and run case studies with the developed
technology.
3. January 07-August 08: Turn the prototype into a useable and
reasonably functional WSMX tool.

4. January 07-August 08: Start to develop methods for process level
composition, in close collaboration with IRST Trento.
A preliminary step towards 1. is currently being undertaken, in
collaboration with IRST Trento, in the context of the KnowledgeWeb
WSC prototype deliverable due end Jun'06. In what follows, we briefly
sketch Jörg Hoffmann's relevant previous work, and the work done for
the KnowledgeWeb prototype. We then fill in a few more details on
steps 1. - 4.
In AI Planning, "actions" must be composed into "plans". The formal
framework are declarative transition systems: given a vector of state
variables, a set of transition rules (the actions), a start state (value
assignment), and a target condition, find a sequence of transitions (a
plan) that leads from the start state to a state that satisfies the goal.
Actions are described in terms of their precondition and effects, both of
which are -- simple, mostly -- formulas over the state variables. At an
abstract level, this is quite similar to WSMO functional level service
descriptions; more below.
Jörg Hoffmann developed the "FF" planning system, that revolutionized
AI Planning when it excelled in the international planning competitions
2000 and 2002 [Hoffmann&Nebel JAIR'01, Hoffmann ECAI'02,
Hoffmann JAIR'03]. More recently, FF variants "Conformant-FF"
[Brafman&Hoffmann ICAPS'04, Hoffmann&Brafman AI'06],
"Contingent-FF" [Hoffmann&Brafman ICAPS'05], and "Probabilistic-
FF" [Domshlak&Hoffmann ICAPS'06] have been developed, dealing
with "conformant", "contingent", and "probabilistic" planning,
respectively. In conformant planning, instead of a start state one has a
description -- in the form of a formula -- of a set of possible start states,
where the plan must work for every possible start state. Contingent
planning extends this with special observation actions that correspond to
"if" statements to be carried out at plan execution time, so that a plan is
now a tree -- no longer a sequence -- of actions. In probabilistic
planning, finally, the "start state" is a probability distribution -- in the
form of a Bayesian network -- over states, and the plan must achieve the
goal with a probability greater than a given threshold.
In WSC, there are various sources of uncertainty -- for example, about
what kind of instance an input will be instantiated with, see below -- and
it is reasonable to assume that (some of) the techniques used in
Conformant-FF and Contingent-FF will help to deal with this
uncertainty. Other work of Jörg Hoffmann that is likely to become
Relevant for WSC (see also Future Steps below) is, e.g., his work on
problem structure [Hoffmann AIPS'02, Hoffmann JAIR'05, Hoffmann et
al ICAPS'06a], abstraction [Hoffmann et al ICAPS'06b], heuristic
263

functions in model checking [Kupferschmid et al SPIN'06, Hoffmann et
al, MoChArt'06], problem decomposition [Köhler&Hoffmann JAIR'00,
Porteous et al ECP'01, Hoffmann et al JAIR'04], and creating realistic
benchmarks for planning [Hoffmann&Edelkamp JAIR'05, Hoffmann et
al JAIR'06].
In the context of the KnowledgeWeb WSC prototype deliverable due
end Jun'06, Conformant-FF is used as the functional level composition
component. Since WSMO functional level web service descriptions, like
planning actions, are also composed of "preconditions" and "effects",
plus "assumptions" and "postconditions", a high-level correspondence is
obvious. There are, however, large gaps between the respective
formalisms behind these keywords: most strikingly, in planning there is
no notion of "inputs" and "outputs", and thus, naturally, no notion of
ontology at all. Instead, as said above planning is formalized, based on
the notion of state variables changing their values. Since this is a quite
fundamental difference, it is our point of view that state-based
techniques will be useful as a source of inspiration for WSC, but will not
serve to replace targeted methods for WSC. One can, however, identify
a correspondence between initial state uncertainty and "instance typing"
to implement a first tool addressing a very simple form of ontologies,
where the concept hierarchy has only two levels, and each "high-level"
concept instance will be a member of exactly one "low-level" concept.
In a nutshell, this is translated into initial state uncertainty by specifying,
for each input x, of high-level concept y, of a web service, a clause
saying (y_1(x) or .. or y_k(x)) where y_1 .. y_k are the sub-concepts of
y. By doing so, we express that the precise form of the inputs is
unknown and may be any of the given list, and that the composed web
service should work for all possibilities. Conformant-FF then finds a
plan corresponding to such a web service (taking the form of a sequence
of atomic services). This framework is already extended to "composite"
concepts containing other concepts ("name" etc) as their fields.
In working step 1 of the working group, a prototype shall be
implemented, probably exploiting some of FF's techniques. The input to
the prototype will be a -- probably in certain ways restricted -- ontology,
a set of WSMO web services in functional level description, and a
certain kind of target formula -- like the existence of an instance of a
given concept, satisfying various constraints. The output will be a
composed service, taking the form of a sequence of the input web
services, satisfying the target formula. By moving the development out
of the planning (state variable based) context and into the web service
(ontology based) context, we expect to be able to deal with more
complex ontologies than the KnowledgeWeb prototype sketched above.
In working step 2 of the working group, DERI's project partners,
particularly those involved in the SUPER project, shall be contacted to
264

Future Steps
try to come up with first ideas on where WSC could be usefully applied.
A few first WSMO models are expected within half a year. In working
step 3, the WSC prototype shall be integrated with WSMX, in a clean
re-implementation tailored for efficiency and usability. In working step
4, first steps shall be taken to design process level composition
technology, possibly based on (an extension of) the process level
composition part of the KnowledgeWeb prototype, and on the outcome
of step 1.
In the future, we expect the Composition group's work to revolve around
the following topics:
1. Language subset/capability extensions. We intend to deal with as
large as possible subsets of WSMO/WSML. Naturally, the developed
technology will start with restricted language subsets, and will
incrementally move on to richer subsets. This is a process that may
well take several years. If new features/scenarios become relevant on the
side of WSMO/WSML, these will become new targets for WSC. This
sort of work is, in its nature, very similar to the development the FF
system has undergone between 1999 and 2006, moving to ever more
complex input languages [Hoffmann&Nebel JAIR'01, Hoffmann
ECAI'02, Hoffmann JAIR'03, Brafman&Hoffmann ICAPS'04,
Hoffmann&Brafman ICAPS'05, Hoffmann&Brafman AI'06,
Domshlak&Hoffmann ICAPS'06].
2. Applications, case studies, benchmarking, technology export. A vital
ingredient to WSC research will be to stay as close as possible to the
envisioned fields of commercial/industrial application. We intend to use
and strengthen DERI's contacts in this respect. Possible areas of
application shall be identified, and increasingly realistic scenarios shall
be modelled. These models play a crucial role in evaluating the
developed WSC techniques, and thus guiding the research into which
kinds of methods will work and which will not. The case studies may
eventually lead to fostered collaborations and, ultimately, to technology
export. Work in this direction -- modelling applications and
benchmarking systems -- has been done by Jörg Hoffmann in the
context of the international planning competition 2004
[Hoffmann&Edelkamp JAIR'05, Hoffmann et al JAIR'06].
3. Addressing efficiency problems. Since WSC is a notoriously hard
problem -- even AI Planning in very simple formalisms is PSPACEcomplete
-- it is essential to develop heuristic techniques that have the
potential to scale satisfyingly in practical instances of the WSC problem.
From Jörg Hoffmann's previous work, there is a wide range of
techniques to draw upon, ranging from the techniques used in FF, over
abstraction techniques [Hoffmann et al ICAPS'06b], and heuristic
functions developed in the context of model checking [Kupferschmid et
265

al SPIN'06, Hoffmann et al, MoChArt'06], to problem decomposition
methods [Köhler&Hoffmann JAIR'00, Porteous et al ECP'99, Hoffmann
et al JAIR'04]. Investigations of problem structure, like [Hoffmann
AIPS'02, Hoffmann JAIR'05, Hoffmann et al ICAPS'06a], can give,
insights on what characterizes the instances where the search techniques
work well, ultimately enabling the WSC tool to automatically configure
itself in a suitable way.
Publications
4. We expect that, eventually, notions of optimality will become relevant
for WSC: What is the "best" service satisfying the composition task, and
how can we compose that service? We intend to contribute to both the
development of such notions and to their algorithmic treatment.
J. Köhler and J. Hoffmann, On Reasonable and Forced Goal Orderings
and their Use in an Agenda-Driven Planning Algorithm, Journal of
Artificial Intelligence Research, 12: 338--386, 2000.
J. Hoffmann and B. Nebel, The FF Planning System: Fast Plan
Generation Through Heuristic Search, Journal of Artificial Intelligence
Research, 14: 253--302, 2001.
J. Porteous, L. Sebastia, and J. Hoffmann, On the Extraction, Ordering,
and Usage of Landmarks in Planning, Proceedings of the 6th European
Conference on Planning (ECP'01), Toledo, Spain, September 2001.
J. Hoffmann, Local Search Topology in Planning Benchmarks: A
Theoretical Analysis, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference
on Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling (AIPS'02), Toulouse,
France, April 2002.
J. Hoffmann, Extending FF to Numerical State Variables, Proceedings
of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'02),
Lyon, France, July 2002.
J. Hoffmann, The Metric-FF Planning System: Translating ``Ignoring
Delete Lists'' to Numeric State Variables, Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research, 20: 291--341, 2003.
J. Hoffmann, J. Porteous, and L. Sebastia, Ordered Landmarks in
Planning, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 22: 215--278,
2004.
R. Brafman and J. Hoffmann, Conformant Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search: A New Approach, Proceedings of the 14th
International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
(ICAPS'04), Whistler, Canada, June 2004.
266

J. Hoffmann, Where Ignoring Delete Lists Works: Local Search
Topology in Planning Benchmarks, Journal of Artificial Intelligence
Research, 24: 685--758, 2005.
J. Hoffmann and S. Edelkamp, The Deterministic Part of IPC-4: An
Overview, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 24: 519--579,
2005.
J. Hoffmann and R. Brafman, Contingent Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search with Implicit Belief States, Proceedings of the 15th
International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
(ICAPS'05), Monterey, CA, USA, June 2005.
J. Hoffmann and R. Brafman, Conformant Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search: A New Approach, Artificial Intelligence, 170 (6-7),
pages 507 - 541, 2006.
J. Hoffmann, S. Edelkamp, S. Thiebaux, R. Englert, F. Liporace, and S.
Trueg, Engineering Benchmarks for Planning: the Domains Used in the
Deterministic Part of IPC-4, accepted for: Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research.
C. Domshlak and J. Hoffmann, Fast Probabilistic Planning Through
Weighted Model Counting, accepted for: 16th International Conference
on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS'06).
J. Hoffmann, C. Gomes, and B. Selman, Structure and Problem
Hardness: Goal Asymmetry and DPLL Proofs in SAT-based Planning,
accepted for: 16th International Conference on Automated Planning and
Scheduling (ICAPS'06).
J. Hoffmann, A. Sabharwal, and C. Domshlak, Friends or Foes? An AI
Planning Perspective on Abstraction and Search, accepted for: 16th
International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
(ICAPS'06).
J. Hoffmann, J. Smaus, A. Rybalchenko, S. Kupferschmid, and A.
Podelski, Using Predicate Abstraction to Generate Heuristic Functions
in UPPAAL, accepted for: Post-Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Model
Checking and Artificial Intelligence (MoChArt'06).
S. Kupferschmid, J. Hoffmann, H. Dierks, and G. Behrmann, Adapting
an AI Planning Heuristic for Directed Model Checking, 13th
International SPIN Workshop on Model Checking of Software
(SPIN'06).
267

Software
releases
FFv2.3: Basic version of FF, available at: http://www.mpisb.mpg.de/~hoffmann/ff.html
Metric-FF: Version of FF dealing with numeric state variables, available
at: http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/~hoffmann/metric-ff.html
Conformant-FF: Version of FF dealing with initial state uncertainty,
available at: http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/~hoffmann/cff.html
Contingent-FF: Version of FF dealing with initial state uncertainty and
observation actions, available at: http://www.mpisb.mpg.de/~hoffmann/cff.html
Not yet assigned researchers:
Name
Joerg Hoffmann
Entry date September 2006
Cluster
Objective SWS Composition
Projects
Research topic I will be working on the automatic composition of web services from
smaller components. Based on the description languages defined by
WSML, services will be composed both on the functional level and
on the process level. To accomplish this, I will draw on methods
from AI, precisely from Automated Planning, in which field I have
been working since 1999. Key methods for functional level
composition will be the definition of language hierarchies, the
identification of maximal tractable fragments, and heuristic search.
Regarding process level composition, I will work in close
collaboration with ITC-IRST, Trento, Italy, who have already
established a set of preliminary tools for this purpose, based on
Binary Decision Diagrams.
Progress
towards Habil
Since I completed my PhD in 2002, I have published 7 articles in
JAIR and AI, the two leading top-quality journals in Artificial
Intelligence. Further articles are pending. I plan to complete a Habil
within the next 2 years.
Implementations I have implemented a large number of systems for Automated
Planning, and for Model Checking. The most important ones are:
1. IPP (1997-1999). Based on heuristic search. Returns optimal
plans for a propositional planning language. Won a 1 st prize at
the 1998 international planning competition (IPC).
2. FF (1999-2000). Based on heuristic search. Treats a
propositional planning language. Brought about a major
breakthrough in scalability of planning systems, in particular
outperforming all other systems at the 2000 IPC.
268

Publications
3. Metric-FF (2001). Extension to handle numeric language
constructs. Top performer at 2002 IPC.
4. Conformant-FF, Contingent-FF (2003-2005). Extensions to
handle uncertainty and observations. Best paper award for
Conformant-FF at ICAPS 2004, top performer in 2006 IPC.
5. Probabilistic-FF (2006). Extension to handle probability
distributions.
6. Heuristic UPPAAL (2004-2006). Modification of the state-ofthe-art
Model Checker UPPAAL to use automatically
generated heuristic functions. Two versions implemented, one
based on ideas from FF, another based on an abstraction
method from Model Checking.
7. SATPLAN (2004-2006). Based on satisfiability testing.
Returns optimal plans for a propositional planning language.
Won the tracks for optimal planners at the 2004 and 2006
IPCs.
Book (peer-reviewed)
J. Hoffmann: Utilizing Problem Structure in Planning: A Local
Search Approach, LNCS 2854, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
Journal Papers (all peer-reviewed)
J. Hoffmann, S. Edelkamp, S. Thiebaux, R. Englert, F. Liporace, and
S. Trüg: Engineering Benchmarks for Planning: the Domains Used
in the Deterministic Part of IPC-4, in: Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research (JAIR), Volume 26, 2006, pages 453 - 541.
J. Hoffmann and R. Brafman: Conformant Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search: A New Approach, in: Artificial Intelligence (AI),
Volume 170 (6-7), 2006, pages 507 - 541.
J. Hoffmann: Where Ignoring Delete Lists Works: Local Search
Topology in Planning Benchmarks, in: Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research (JAIR), Volume 24, 2005, pages 685 – 758.
J. Hoffmann and S. Edelkamp: The Deterministic Part of IPC-4: An
Overview, in: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR),
Volume 24, 2005, pages 519 – 579.
S. Thiebaux, J. Hoffmann, and B. Nebel: In Defense of PDDL
Axioms, in: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Volume 168 (1-2), 2005,
pages 38 - 69.
269

J. Hoffmann, J. Porteous, L. Sebastia: Ordered Landmarks in
Planning, in: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR),
Volume 22, 2004, pages 215 – 278.
J. Hoffmann: The Metric-FF Planning System: Translating
``Ignoring Delete Lists'' to Numeric State Variables, in: Journal of
Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), Volume 20, 2003, pages 291
- 341.
J. Hoffmann and B. Nebel: The FF Planning System: Fast Plan
Generation Through Heuristic Search, in: Journal of Artificial
Intelligence Research (JAIR), Volume 14, 2001, pages 253 - 302.
Recipient of the 2005 IJCAII-JAIR best paper prize.
J. Rintanen and J. Hoffmann: An Overview of Recent Algorithms for
AI Planning, in: Künstliche Intelligenz, Volume 2/01, 2001, pages 5
– 11.
J. Koehler and J. Hoffmann: On Reasonable and Forced Goal
Orderings and their Use in an Agenda-Driven Planning Algorithm,
in: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), Volume 12,
2000, pages 338 – 386.
Conference Papers (all peer-reviewed)
J. Hoffmann, J. Smaus, A. Rybalchenko, S. Kupferschmid, and A.
Podelski: Using Predicate Abstraction to Generate Heuristic
Functions in UPPAAL, in: Post-Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on
Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence (MoChArt'06).
J. Hoffmann, A. Sabharwal, and C. Domshlak: Friends or Foes? An
AI Planning Perspective on Abstraction and Search, in: Proceedings
of the 16th International Conference on Automated Planning and
Scheduling (ICAPS'06).
J. Hoffmann, C. Gomes, and B. Selman: Structure and Problem
Hardness: Goal Asymmetry and DPLL Proofs in SAT-based
Planning, in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on
Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS'06).
C. Domshlak and J. Hoffmann: Fast Probabilistic Planning Through
Weighted Model Counting, in: Proceedings of the 16th International
Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS'06).
270

S. Kupferschmid, J. Hoffmann, H. Dierks, and G. Behrmann:
Adapting an AI Planning Heuristic for Directed Model Checking, in:
Proceedings of the 13th International SPIN Workshop on Model
Checking of Software (SPIN'06).
J. Hoffmann and S. Kupferschmid: A Covering Problem for
Hypercubes, in: Poster Proceedings of the 19th International Joint
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'05).
J. Hoffmann and R. Brafman: Contingent Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search with Implicit Belief States, in: Proceedings of the
15th International Conference on Automated Planning and
Scheduling (ICAPS'05).
S. Trueg, J. Hoffmann, and B. Nebel: Applying Automatic Planning
Techniques to Airport Ground-Traffic Control: A Feasibility Study,
in: Proceedings of the 27th German Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (KI'04).
R. Brafman and J. Hoffmann: Conformant Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search: A New Approach, in: Proceedings of the 14th
International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
(ICAPS'04). Recipient of the best paper award.
S. Thiebaux, J. Hoffmann, and B. Nebel: In Defense of PDDL
Axioms, in: Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'03).
J. Hoffmann and H. Geffner: Branching Matters: Alternative
Branching in Graphplan, in: Proceedings of the 13th International
Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS'03).
J. Hoffmann: Extending FF to Numerical State Variables, in:
Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (ECAI'02).
J. Hoffmann: Local Search Topology in Planning Benchmarks: A
Theoretical Analysis, in: Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling
(AIPS'02).
J. Hoffmann and B. Nebel: RIFO Revisited: Detecting Relaxed
Irrelevance, in: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on
Planning (ECP'01).
271

J. Posteous, L. Sebastia, and J. Hoffmann: On the Extraction,
Ordering, and Usage of Landmarks in Planning, in: Proceedings of
the 6th European Conference on Planning (ECP'01).
J. Hoffmann: Local Search Topology in Planning Benchmarks: An
Empirical Analysis, in: Proceedings of the 17th International Joint
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'01).
J. Hoffmann, A Heuristic for Domain Independent Planning and its
Use in an Enforced Hill-climbing Algorithm, in: Proceedings of the
12th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent
Systems (ISMIS'00).
J. Hoffmann and J. Koehler: A new Method to Index and Query Sets,
in: Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'99).
J. Koehler, B. Nebel, J. Hoffmann, and Y. Dimopolous: Extending
Planning Graphs to an ADL Subset, in: Proceedings of the 4th
European Conference on Planning (ECP'97).
Workshop Papers (all peer-reviewed)
J. Hoffmann, C. Gomes, and B. Selman, Structure and Problem
Hardness: Asymmetry and DPLL Proofs in SAT-Based Planning, in:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Constraint Propagation and
Implementation at CP'05.
B. Becker, M. Behle, F. Eisenbrand, M. Fraenzle, M. Herbstritt, C.
Herde, J. Hoffmann, D. Kroening, B. Nebel, I. Polian, and R.
Wimmer: Bounded Model Checking and Inductive Verification of
Hybrid Discrete-continuous Systems, in: Proceedings of the
Workshop ''Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung
und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen''.
R. Brafman and J. Hoffmann: Conformant Planning via Heuristic
Forward Search, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Planning under
Uncertainty and Incomplete Information at ICAPS'03.
S. Edelkamp and J. Hoffmann: Quo Vadis, IPC-4? -- Proposals for
the Classical Part of the 4th International Planning Competition, in:
Proceedings of the Workshop on the Competition at ICAPS'03.
272

S. Thiebaux, J. Hoffmann, and B. Nebel: In Defense of PDDL
Axioms, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Competition at
ICAPS'03.
J. Hoffmann and B. Nebel: What Makes the Difference Between HSP
and FF?, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Empirical Methods in
AI at IJCAI'01.
J. Hoffmann and B. Nebel: Towards Thorough Empirical Methods
for AI Planning, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Empirical
Methods in AI at IJCAI'01.
J. Koehler and J. Hoffmann: On the Instantiation of ADL Operators
Involving Arbitrary First-Order Formulas, in: Proceedings of the
Workshop on New Results in Planning, Scheduling and Design
(PuK2000) at ECAI 2000.
J. Hoffmann: A Heuristic for Domain Independent Planning and its
Use in an Enforced Hill-climbing Algorithm, in: Proceedings of the
Workshop on New Results in Planning, Scheduling and Design
(PuK2000) at ECAI 2000.
J. Koehler and J. Hoffmann: Planning with Goal Agendas, in:
Proceedings des 13. Workshop Planen und Konfigurieren auf der 10.
Tagung Expertensysteme (XPS-99).
273