Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...

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Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet: Straining Key Data Direct Cost Capital Cost Operating Cost Replacement Cost US$0 US$0 US$0 Note: Program, transportation and education costs are not included. Costs will vary depending on location. References Colwell, R., Huq, A., Sirajul Islam, M.S., Aziz, K.M.A., Yunus, M., Huda Khan, N., Mahmud, A., Sack, R.B., Nair, G.B., Chakraborty, J., Sack, D.A., and Russek-Cohen, E. (2002), Reduction of Cholera in Bangladeshi Villages by Simple Filtration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100(3): 1051– 1055. Available at: www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=298724#B11 Huq, A., Xu, B., Chowdhury, M.A.R., Islam, M.S., Montilla, R., and Colwell, R.R. (1996), A Simple Filtration Method to Remove Plankton-Associated Vibrio cholerae in Raw Water Supplies in Developing Countries. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62:2508–2512. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8779590 CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) Calgary, Alberta, Canada Website: www.cawst.org, Email: cawst@cawst.org Last Update: June 2011
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet: Biosand Filter The Treatment Process Potential Treatment Capacity Very Effective For: Somewhat Effective For: Not Effective For: Bacteria Protozoa Helminths Turbidity Taste, odour, colour Viruses Iron Dissolved chemicals What is a Biosand Filter? The biosand filter (BSF) is an adaptation of the traditional slow sand filter, which has been used for community water treatment for hundreds of years. The BSF is smaller and adapted for intermittent use, making it suitable for households. Water treatment is carried out by the sand inside the filter. The filter container can be made of concrete, plastic or any other waterproof, rust-proof and non-toxic material. The concrete filter box is cast from a steel mold or made with pre-fabricated pipe. The container is filled with layers of sieved and washed sand and gravel (also referred to as filter media). There is a standing water height of 5 cm above the sand layer. As in slow sand filters, a biological layer of microorganisms (also known as the biolayer or schmutzedecke) develops at the sand surface, which contributes to the water treatment. A perforated diffuser plate or basin is used to protect the biolayer from disturbance when water is poured into the filter. How Does It Remove Contamination? Pathogens and suspended material are removed through a combination of biological and physical processes that take place in the biolayer and within the sand bed. These processes include: mechanical trapping, adsorption, predation and natural death. Lid Diffuser Outlet Tube Standing Water Filtration Sand Separating Gravel Drainage Gravel Cross-Section of Concrete Biosand Filter
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