part_1.pdf - Elia

that another would follow. The second generation of design methods in
architecture moved towards participatory processes, from optimization
towards satisfying solutions. 1980s witnessed unprecedented progresses in
civil and mechanical engineering in terms of design methods and techniques
but no real progress seems to have been made in architecture in terms of
methods.
STEPS
1 2 3 4 5 6
Problem
Recognition
Identification
of Human
Behavior Sets
Identification
of Problem
Situation
Goal Setting
Prediction
Design of
Objectives
Programming
Feedback
PHASES
1 Intelligence
Phase
Requirement
2 Design
Phase
3 Choice &
Development
Phase
4 Implementation
Phase
1. D e c omposition and Composition Process
2. Reflective Thinking; Creative Activity
Alternatives
Field
5 Evaluation
Phase
Feedback to the Intelligence Phase
Figure 1. Architectural Design as a Process Matrix (Gür, 1978: p.121).
After 1980s some significant books concerning design thinking in
architecture appeared (Lawson, 1980; Schön, 1983; Rowe, 1987); design
congresses and journals proliferated; societies and associations were
founded and some are still successfully active today. Horst Rittel (1973) had
considered the endeavors of 1960’s, which were based on systematic,
rational and ‘scientific methods’ as the ‘first generation of methods’ implying
that another would follow. The second generation of design methods in
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