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soils are estimated to have averaged 2600 µgF/kg/yr, 5-7 µgCd/kg/yr and 19 µgU/kg/yr. Use of superphosphate fertilisers can account for all additional F and Cd, and two-thirds of the additional acid-recoverable U. Rb and Sr appear to follow K and Mg, respectively. The second group represents elements linked to use of animal remedies and veterinary medicines. Widespread use of facial eczema remedies at annual Zn loadings of 5-7 kg/ha/yr (where used) appears to have caused a significant increase in average Zn in Waikato soils, with an estimated annual accumulation rate of 700 µgZn/kg/yr. Cu also shows signs of possible enrichment that may be linked to use of Cu supplements (etc) in livestock. The third group are linked to pesticide use in horticultural areas; these elements include Cu, Zn, As and Pb. The fourth group is potentially the most interesting, because it appears to represent an accelerated attack or weathering of aluminosilicate minerals in productive relative to background soils. Acid recoverable Al is 3.2 times higher (p
carbon dioxide concentrations were determined. Temperature and root zone carbon dioxide were positively correlated, and plant diversity statistics reached maximum values at intermediate temperatures (35 C). Lead and arsenic concentrations varied considerably by species and location, but general trends were that succulent plants avoided trace metal uptake at higher temperatures compared to lower temperatures, while plants in the composite and grass families tended to avoid lead uptake at higher temperatures. Arsenic uptake by composite and grass plants generally increased with increasing temperature. The legacy of allowing a nuisance mine fire to burn for 45 years may now also include a variety of accumulated toxins now bioavailable in this abandoned community. Forensic Applications of Multielement Analysis Gordon M. Miskelly Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, NZ Profiling using multielement analysis has played a significant role in criminalistics, in applications such as discriminating glass or bullet fragments. More recently, such multielement analysis has also been applied to precious inorganic commodities such as gold and diamonds, and also to food items of commercial value. Multielement analysis of materials of biological origin can provide discrimination complementary to DNA, isotopic, or organic component analysis. However, the application of multielement profiling to environmental or food products presents significant challenges, including consideration of varying matrices, chain of custody, and validity of the link between elemental concentrations and any putative source. It is also important to develop databases of sufficient size that the variability in the elemental compositions is well represented or can be modeled appropriately. These considerations will be discussed with respect to the discrimination of the region of origin of New Zealand Pinot Noir wines, and distinguishing cannabis plants grown on different soils. Evaluating the use of DGT-DIFS to measure Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn plant availability in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts Amanda Black 1 , Ron McLaren 1 , Suzie Reichman 1 , Tom Speir 2 1 Soil and Physical Sciences, Agriculture and Life Science Division, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln 2 Environmental Science and Research (ESR) Keneperu Drive, Porirua The application of biosolids to land is increasing because of the benefits of improved soil fertility and productivity, as well as providing an alternative use of waste disposal. However, the metals present in biosolids are potential concerns for environmental and public health, arising from the possibility of metal accumulation in soils and their introduction into the food chain via plant uptake. The success of environmental risk assessments of metal contaminated soils depends on their accuracy of estimating metal bioavailability. Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) combined with 2D-DIFS (DGTinduced fluxes in soils) is a relatively new technique for measuring labile metals in soils, characteristically expressed as effective solution metal concentrations (C E ). This technique has shown to be a promising surrogate for predicting metal uptake in plants and is being extensively examined using three soil types collected from the Canterbury region. Lysimeters (containing soil monoliths) were treated with a one-off application of increasing levels of Cd (1, 5, 10 mg/kg), Cu (50, 200, 750 mg/kg), Ni (30, 150, 300 mg/kg) and Zn (70, 300, 1000 mg/kg) in the presence and absence of biosolids (400 kg nitrogen ha -1 yr -1 ). Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was sown on each lysimeter immediately after treatment application. Ryegrass, harvested at 6-monthly intervals is 82
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Page 3 and 4: Your contributions are required - N
Page 5 and 6: Obituary Jack Bremner John ‘Jack
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Page 9 and 10: forest biomass and contemporary eye
Page 11 and 12: Lincoln University’s role in Soil
Page 13 and 14: New Zealand School of Forestry The
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Page 37: Ecotoxicity of aged trace elements
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1. Arsenic concentrations in
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