Effect of Pavement Conditions on Rolling Resistance and Fuel ...
Effect of Pavement Conditions on Rolling Resistance and Fuel ...
Effect of Pavement Conditions on Rolling Resistance and Fuel ...
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Probability density functi<strong>on</strong> (%) .<br />
40%<br />
29.1%<br />
30%<br />
20.2%<br />
20%<br />
13.6% 14.5%<br />
8.7%<br />
10%<br />
4.3% 3.1% 2.5% 2.3% 1.7%<br />
Multiply the PDF with<br />
250,000 or 100,000 miles<br />
40<br />
0%<br />
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6<br />
IRI (m/km)<br />
Vehicle miles traveled<br />
over each roughness level<br />
Generate 30 Road Pr<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>iles<br />
for each roughness level<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
= Damage threshold<br />
Vehicle simulati<strong>on</strong><br />
damage analysis<br />
Accumulated damage<br />
caused by each<br />
roughness level<br />
40
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