THE LAST STAND OF THE - GRASP

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Logging in the Congo river basin forest CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC EQUATORIAL GUINEA GABON REPUBLIC <strong>OF</strong> CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC <strong>OF</strong> CONGO 0 100 200 Km Primary forest cover Logging concessions Gorilla habitat or Priority Area Mountain Gorillas Cross River Gorillas Grauer's Gorilla Western Lowland Gorillas Sources: Global Forest Watch, Bushmeat Interactive Map, accessed 23-02-2010; IUCN, 2009; CMS Gorilla Agreement, 2007, web published at http://www.naturalsciences.be/science/projects/gorilla, accessed in March 2010; WHRC, Scientists Using Remote Sensing Tools to Study Expansion of Industrial Logging in Central Africa, 2007. 36
HABITAT LOSS/DEGRADATION DUE TO LOGGING, AGRICULTURE AND CHARCOAL Most of the logging companies operating in the Congo Basin since 1990 were EU-based (Forest Monitor 2001). They included the Denmark-based DLH Group (www.dlh-nordisk.com, www.dlh-group.com), the France-based groups Rougier (www. rougier.fr, Groupe Rougier 1999), Thanry (French Embassy in Cameroon 2002) and Inter-wood (www.interwood-france.com), Italy-based Alpi, and Germany-based Danzer (www.veneermill.com/intro), Feldmeyer (IUCN 1997) and Wonnemann (Marchés Tropicaux 2000). Each owns a variety of local and subsidiary companies operating in the Congo Basin countries (Forest Monitor 2001; UNSC, 2001). In addition to these wood and pulp producers are companies like the France-based Bolloré, specializing in transportation of timber from tropical regions (Bolloré 1998, www.saga.fr). In 1998, 61% of Cameroonian logs were exported to the EU (Tropical Timbers, 1999). Fighting illegal exploitation in the Virunga National park Virunga National Park, Africa’s oldest nature reserve and a UNESCO World heritage site, covers over 7,800sq km, including both forest, hills and lowland slopes of forest, in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It is home to a larger number of endangered species, and near 200 or one-third of the Worlds remaining mountain gorillas. The gorillas are threatened by poachers and habitat loss, mainly by the burning of charcoal or makala. Both the Mai- Mai used the park in the early 2000’s, then the FDLR that still remain, and also the CDNP in late 2007, who also attacked the park headquarters and several posts. The militias have been heavily involved in the cutting and burning of charcoal, using also prisoners or near slaves for the work. In August and September 2009, rangers attacked and destroyed some 1000 kilns for the burning of charcoal, but militias have been estimated to make over 28 million USD a year by illegal selling of charcoal. In the past decade more than 200 rangers have been killed in the five parks on the DRC border, out of a ranger force of ca. 2000 men. This means that while the rangers have less than 10% of the numbers of MONUC, and the parks receive only a fraction of the funds available to MONUC. The rangers have, however, by interfering with the financing of the militias, incurred greater losses of uniformed staff than the MONUC. This is mainly due to the fact that the rangers conduct longrange patrolling on the ground in the jungle and slopes, directly interfering, disrupting and challenging the militias in their illegal exploitation of resources. Figure 6: China is the largest consumer of logs from the DRC, buying near 38% of the roundwood produced in official statistics in 2008 (Ministère des Eaux, Forêts, Chasses et Pêches du DRC, 2009). However, the official numbers only reflect approximately half of what is being cut, the remaining illegally, often transported across borders to neighboring countries.. 37
Page 1 and 2: A RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT THE LAS
Page 3: THE LAST STAND OF THE GORILLA ENVIR
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gorillas, the lar
Page 8 and 9: It is clear from the fragile recove
Page 11: INTRODUCTION Most people think of g
Page 14 and 15: Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) S
Page 16 and 17: As a result, the sad fact is that y
Page 19 and 20: THREATS TO GORILLAS FROM HUMAN CONF
Page 21 and 22: MONUC MONUC’s mandate and authori
Page 23 and 24: CNDP The National Congress for the
Page 25 and 26: INTERVIEW “I killed a gorilla and
Page 27 and 28: It is also clear that FADRC has bee
Page 29 and 30: Wood exports from Congo Basin Unite
Page 31 and 32: ity. Besides extracting timber with
Page 33 and 34: INTERVIEW “What we want to see is
Page 35: Developing countries Industralized
Page 39 and 40: Corruption Widespread corruption Ac
Page 41 and 42: Reducing emissions from deforestati
Page 43 and 44: MINING IN GORILLA FORESTS - COLTAN,
Page 45 and 46: French-speaking Portuguese-speaking
Page 47 and 48: It is important that people who gre
Page 49 and 50: cess to a gun, he may shoot crop-ra
Page 51 and 52: SPORT HUNTING The first scientific
Page 53 and 54: Bushmeat trade in Tshuapa-Lomami-Lu
Page 55 and 56: Customs and Police offices, which d
Page 57 and 58: INTERVIEW “We are at a new horizo
Page 59 and 60: EBOLA, A MAJOR THREAT TO GREAT APES
Page 61: INTERVIEW “It is important we red
Page 64 and 65: INTERVIEW “I think there is still
Page 67 and 68: COUNTERING ILLEGAL LOGGING, POACHIN
Page 69 and 70: TRAINING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PAR
Page 71 and 72: THE ROLE OF TRANS-BOUNDARY INVESTIG
Page 73 and 74: The United Nations Office on Drugs
Page 75 and 76: INTERVIEW “Gorilla conservation i
Page 78 and 79: Protected areas and transboundary c
Page 81 and 82: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Con
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Ape Alliance. 2006. (Red
Page 86:
CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS EDITORS
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THE LAST STAND OF THE - GRASP

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