THE LAST STAND OF THE - GRASP

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activities, including cultivation, pastoralism and hunting (Lamprey, 2002). A major threat is also the establishment of an estimated 270,000 cattle in the region surrounding the park, including heavy grazing pressure, charcoal production and poaching (Chemonics International Inc, 2003). Without sufficient resources, training and numbers, the rangers have limited chance of protecting the parks, in spite of many impressive efforts. Poaching in this region often occurs across international borders. Poachers, typically former militias operating from or near refugee camps in Burundi are also operating and involved in killing of elephants and smuggling of ivory. Tracking of several poachers following killings of elephants in Tanzania, has revealed remnants of yellow maize flour around campfires used by poachers on the move. This maize flour is mainly used and distributed in Burundian refugee camps, not locally in northwestern Tanzania (Nellemann and Malata, pers. obs). The use of trackers, and training of rangers in tactical tracking operations, is a central tool in wildlife crime investigations off the road system in the entire region, where traditional military and police tactics are at best complimentary. Population growth in Sub-Saharan and Central Africa Millions 2 000 1 500 Projected year for doubling of the 2010 population Projected Sub-Saharan Africa Population density projection in Congo Basin Average inhabitants per square kilometre 1 000 1950 1975 2010 2050 500 Central Africa 0 1950 1975 2000 2010 2025 2050 Figure 14: As populations are rapidly rising in the Congo Basin, so is the pressure on great ape habitat, and even more, the numbers killed relative to the gorilla populations to supply bushmeat. Source: UNDESA, Population on-line database, accessed 23-02-20010 Figure 15: Hunting inside protected areas to supply bushmeat is extensive in many regions, and much is transported by bicycle to i.e. larger towns like Kindu. The great apes, sometimes smoked, constitute up to several percent of the total bushmeat, but with devastating impacts on the great ape populations with their slow reproductive rates and complex social structure. 52
Bushmeat trade in Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Region, Democratic Republic of Congo Moma Equator Province Eastern Province Elingampangu Maniema Bena-Kamba Waika Kailo Easter Kasay Metsera Provincial boundaries Roads Agricultural land or secondary forest areas Proposed National Park to protect endangered species High intensity hunting for bushmeat Purchases of bushmeat in the region Up to 3 4 to 8 Katopa Karushe Makoka Elila Kindu 9 to 13 Shesa 14 to 25 More than 25 Dingele Katako-Kombe Difuma Note: Bushmeat purchase data covers the period from April to June 2009. Sources: Terese Hart, The Bushmeat Crisis in Maniema Province , www.bonoboincongo.org, 2009; UCL Geomatics, 2006. 53
Page 1 and 2: A RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT THE LAS
Page 3: THE LAST STAND OF THE GORILLA ENVIR
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gorillas, the lar
Page 8 and 9: It is clear from the fragile recove
Page 11: INTRODUCTION Most people think of g
Page 14 and 15: Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) S
Page 16 and 17: As a result, the sad fact is that y
Page 19 and 20: THREATS TO GORILLAS FROM HUMAN CONF
Page 21 and 22: MONUC MONUC’s mandate and authori
Page 23 and 24: CNDP The National Congress for the
Page 25 and 26: INTERVIEW “I killed a gorilla and
Page 27 and 28: It is also clear that FADRC has bee
Page 29 and 30: Wood exports from Congo Basin Unite
Page 31 and 32: ity. Besides extracting timber with
Page 33 and 34: INTERVIEW “What we want to see is
Page 35 and 36: Developing countries Industralized
Page 37 and 38: HABITAT LOSS/DEGRADATION DUE TO LOG
Page 39 and 40: Corruption Widespread corruption Ac
Page 41 and 42: Reducing emissions from deforestati
Page 43 and 44: MINING IN GORILLA FORESTS - COLTAN,
Page 45 and 46: French-speaking Portuguese-speaking
Page 47 and 48: It is important that people who gre
Page 49 and 50: cess to a gun, he may shoot crop-ra
Page 51: SPORT HUNTING The first scientific
Page 55 and 56: Customs and Police offices, which d
Page 57 and 58: INTERVIEW “We are at a new horizo
Page 59 and 60: EBOLA, A MAJOR THREAT TO GREAT APES
Page 61: INTERVIEW “It is important we red
Page 64 and 65: INTERVIEW “I think there is still
Page 67 and 68: COUNTERING ILLEGAL LOGGING, POACHIN
Page 69 and 70: TRAINING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PAR
Page 71 and 72: THE ROLE OF TRANS-BOUNDARY INVESTIG
Page 73 and 74: The United Nations Office on Drugs
Page 75 and 76: INTERVIEW “Gorilla conservation i
Page 78 and 79: Protected areas and transboundary c
Page 81 and 82: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Con
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Ape Alliance. 2006. (Red
Page 86: CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS EDITORS

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