FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION - UNEP World Conservation ...

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2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 General
Inception workshop by regional and international experts, literature review, consultations/interviews and field studies
was the main methodology used for the study.
2.2.2 Inception workshop
A two days inception workshop was held involving relevant national and international stakeholders in the project.
Discussions and exchange of experiences on FLR in East Africa and in other parts of the world were held. To enhance
data collection, analysis and comparison of results, a framework for reviewing policies and strategies affecting forest
restoration and a framework for reviewing current initiatives in FLR were prepared. The frameworks assisted to
compare a number of common parameters that were evaluated using pre-determined but flexible categories. They also
assisted to provide consistency in data collection in the four countries to capture similarities and differences in FLR.
2.2.3 Literature review
To enhance building from best field practices, intensive literature review on aspects related to FLR was made.
2.2.4 Consultations
Participatory consultations and interviews were held with different stakeholders on FLR, covering government
ministries, research and learning institutions, Non-governmental organisations, development partners (donors), private
institutions, user groups of forest products and individuals (Annex 1).
2.2.5 Field studies
Field studies were conducted in Coast, Lindi and Kilimanjaro regions covering different initiatives on FLR.
3 NATIONAL OVERVIEW
3.1 National Profile
3.1.1 General statistics
General statistics of Tanzania is provided as a background for describing its historical trend and institutional set-up that
will be used as a foundation for introducing FLR.
Tanzania is located along latitude 1 0 -12 0 South of Equator, Longitude 29 0 – 41 0 East of Greenwich. The total area of
Tanzania is 945,000 km 2 of which 62,000 km 2 are water bodies. The total land area of Tanzania mainland is 881,000
km 2 and that of Zanzibar is 2,000 km 2 (Bureau of Statistics 2000a&b).
By end of 2000 the population of Tanzania was estimated to be around 33 million people of which 51% are women and
about 46% are under age 15. Tanzania mainland is divided into 20 administrative regions, namely: Arusha, Dar es
Salaam, Coast (Pwani), Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara,
Mwanza, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora and Tanga. Each region is sub-divided into districts. By end of 2000,
Tanzania mainland had 113 administrative districts (Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives 2000&2001, Planning
Commission 2000). Zanzibar has 3 administrative regions. (This report is mainly based on Tanzania mainland).
3.1.2 Socio-economic status
About 50% of the population are living below the poverty line. Estimated per capita GNP by end of 1998 was USD 246
and per capita GDP was USD 251. Agriculture contributes 45% to GDP and about 80% of the population are engaged
in agriculture production. Contributions of other sectors to the GDP based on 1998 estimates are Industry 7%, Social
services 2% and others 46%. Total debt stock by end of December 1998 was USD 9.2 billion of which USD 7.9 billion
were foreign debt and USD 1.3 billion were domestic debt (Planning Commission 2000).