Green Carbon, Black Trade - UNEP
Green Carbon, Black Trade - UNEP
Green Carbon, Black Trade - UNEP
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TEN WAYS TO<br />
CONDUCT ILLEGAL<br />
LOGGING<br />
Illegal charcoal trade<br />
Lake<br />
Edward<br />
#1<br />
LOGGING IN PROTECTED<br />
AREAS<br />
Many protected areas include an abundance of rare wood species<br />
in high demand for panels, floors and furniture. They may<br />
also hold some of the last remaining concentrations of highdensity<br />
wood for charcoal.<br />
A 2007 <strong>UNEP</strong>-UNESCO report documented illegal logging<br />
in 37 of 41 protected areas in Indonesia, including large-scale<br />
deforestation of a UNESCO World Heritage site and an endangered<br />
orangutan habitat (<strong>UNEP</strong>-UNESCO 2007). Loggers, with<br />
armed guards, moved into parks and cut down the forests with<br />
unarmed rangers facing lethal risk, bribes or simply lack of resources<br />
to enforce the park boundaries (<strong>UNEP</strong>-UNESCO 2007).<br />
Biundu<br />
DEMOCRATIC<br />
REPUBLIC<br />
OF THE CONGO<br />
Rutshuru<br />
Bwindi<br />
Impenetrable<br />
National Park<br />
UGANDA<br />
Other examples include cutting wood for charcoal in endangered<br />
mountain gorilla habitat in Eastern Democratic Republic of the<br />
Congo (DRC), where militias drive villagers into refugee camps,<br />
then profit from cutting and producing charcoal in the Virungas<br />
national parks and selling the high-demand charcoal to the<br />
camps (<strong>UNEP</strong>-INTERPOL 2010). Rangers in Virungas have been<br />
effective in protecting the gorilla population and saving it from<br />
extinction, and in implementing vehicle checkpoints and destroying<br />
kilns for charcoal production, but at a great costs and high<br />
risks. More than 200 rangers have been killed in the last decade<br />
defending the park boundaries against a charcoal trade estimated<br />
at over US$28 million annually, and another US$4 million on<br />
road taxes on charcoal alone (<strong>UNEP</strong>-INTERPOL 2010).<br />
Other examples include driving out and killing indigenous peoples<br />
in reserves in the Amazon, Greater Congo Basin and Southeast<br />
Asia, where outspoken leaders have been assassinated.<br />
Burungu<br />
Kriolirwe<br />
Kingi<br />
Virunga<br />
National Park<br />
Goma<br />
Lake Kivu<br />
0 5 Km<br />
Sources: UNSC, S/2008/773; Central<br />
African Regional Program for the<br />
Environment, 2007; ICCN.<br />
Kibati<br />
Kibumba<br />
Volcanoes<br />
National Park<br />
RWANDA<br />
National Park<br />
Illegally deforested area<br />
between 2003 and 2006<br />
Refugee camp<br />
Main charcoal trade<br />
and destinations<br />
Patrol checkpoint<br />
Mgahinga Gorilla<br />
National Park<br />
29
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