SAYRE'S MATERIA MEDICA - Part V - Southwest School of ...

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DESCRIPTION OF DRUG.—The fruits vary in shape and size, but those most generally used are oblong, wrinkled, pendulous, pod-like berries, the largest (American), about the thickness of a finger, with a long, recurved apex; pericarp bright red, sometimes yellow, thin, translucent; it incloses two or three cells and contains numerous flat, reniform, whitish seeds, which are surrounded by a dry, loose parenchyma, and fastened to a slender placenta; odor peculiar, very irritating, especially in powder or in the fresh state; taste fiery. Powdered capsicum of the market consists of several species of capsicum ground up together. It is of a reddish color. This is especially true of the American capsicum, which is grown to a limited extent in Sayre’s Materia Medica part V - Page 38
Texas and Mexico, where it is ground and called “paprika.” The African (Zanzibar) pod yields a powder of a greenish- or brownish-yellow color. The commercial variety known as Bombay yields a powder of a more yellowish color than the African, but is not at all like the reddish-orange powder resulting from the American pod. This color fades and disappears on long exposure to the light. It is often adulterated with sawdust and red lead; the former may be detected with the microscope, the latter by digesting the powder in dilute nitric acid, filtering, and adding a solution of sodium sulphate, which will throw down a white precipitate if any lead oxide is present. STRUCTURE.—A microscopical examination for the distinction of the above varieties has been suggested. This test is based upon the size and character of the cells of the outer layer of the epidermis, the American having, in dimension, the largest and the African the smallest cell in the outer layer of the pericarp. The value of capsicum can be estimated only by assay. Powder.—Characteristic elements: See Part iv, Chap. I, B. CONSTITUENTS.—Capsaicin, C 9 H 14 O 2 , an exceedingly active pungent principle existing principally in the pericarp; a volatile alkaloid having an odor like coniine, supposed to be the result of a decomposition process during ripening of the fruit, as it does not exist in the unripe fruit- fixed oil, fat acids (oleic, palmitic, and stearic), and a red coloring matter (a cholesterin ester of the fat acids). Ash, not exceeding 7 per cent.; insoluble in HCl 1 per cent. Capsicum should yield not less than 15 per cent. of non-volatile ether extract, soluble in ether, U.S.P. IX. Preparation of Capsaicin.—Treat petroleum ether extract with alkali; pass CO 2 through the solution; collect crystals after 'standing. Soluble in ether, alcohol, benzene, and fixed oils. ACTION AND USES.—Externally rubefacient. Internally a powerful stimulant. Its chief value medicinally is in the treatment of malignant sore throat and scarlet fever, used internally and as a gargle. Dose: 1 to 5 gr. (0.06 to 0.3 Gm.). OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. Tinctura Capsici (10 per cent.),Dose: 15 to 30 drops (1 to 2 mils). Oleoresina Capsici 1/ 4 to 1 drops (0.016:2 to 0.065 mil). Sayre’s Materia Medica part V - Page 39
Page 1 and 2: SAYRE’S MATERIA MEDICA - Part V A
Page 3 and 4: these lines are whitish dots visibl
Page 5 and 6: itter. U.S.P. IX. Powder.—Charact
Page 7 and 8: 460. JALAPA.—JALAPA JALAPA The dr
Page 9 and 10: cent. (which includes both resins).
Page 11 and 12: ACTION AND USES.—Hydragogue catha
Page 13 and 14: ointments, and plasters, which is a
Page 15 and 16: 473. MENTHA PIPERITA.—PEPPERMINT
Page 17 and 18: 473b. MENTHOL A secondary alcohol f
Page 19 and 20: 475. HEDEOMA.—AMERlCAN PENNYROYAL
Page 21 and 22: ACTION AND USES.—A bitter tonic,
Page 23 and 24: 493. ROSMARINUS.—ROSEMARY. The le
Page 25 and 26: SOLANACEÆ.-Nightshade Family Herbs
Page 27 and 28: ADULTERATIONS.—Certain species of
Page 29 and 30: OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. Fluidextract
Page 31 and 32: DESCRIPTION OF DRUG.—From 25 to 1
Page 33 and 34: OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. Tinctura Str
Page 35 and 36: ACTION AND USES.—Anodyne, hypnoti
Page 37: Inodorous; taste at first bitter, a
Page 41 and 42: characteristic; taste strongly bitt
Page 43 and 44: properties are also ascribed to it.
Page 45 and 46: alterative, diuretic, and anodyne p
Page 47 and 48: 530. IPECACUANHA.—IPECAC IPECAC S
Page 49 and 50: nauseous, somewhat acrid. It is sta
Page 51 and 52: intestines with liberation of alkal
Page 53 and 54: Cultivated trees in recent years ha
Page 55 and 56: twelve years before the bark is col
Page 57 and 58: alkaloids of Cinchona. “In quills
Page 59 and 60: antiseptic, destructive, in weak so
Page 61 and 62: acetate; remove lead from filtrate
Page 63 and 64: Powder.—Light brown. Characterist
Page 65 and 66: HABITAT.—Middle and Southern Unit
Page 67 and 68: CONSTITUENTS.—Besides the common
Page 69 and 70: ACTION AND USES.—Gentle nerve sti
Page 71 and 72: Powder.—Microscopical elements of
Page 73 and 74: 547. MOMORDICA BALSAMINA Linné.—
Page 75 and 76: CAMPANULACEÆ.—Campanula Family H
Page 77 and 78: gastroirritant, it should not be us
Page 79 and 80: Inulin spherules are plainly discer
Page 81 and 82: BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS.—Root l
Page 83 and 84: or purity, and the variety from whi
Page 85 and 86: shrunken causing longitudinally twi
Page 87: spontaneously in burned districts.

SAYRE'S MATERIA MEDICA - Part V - Southwest School of ...

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