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Allen J. Dennis and Others Figure 1. Location of kilns, quarries, and marble locations. 1908 Catalogue of Mineral Localities of South Carolina by Earle Sloan. A picture of the collapsed Masters’ Kiln was used on the cover of the 1979 reprint of Sloan’s Catalogue. Sloan described Raysor’s Kiln, the Walnut Creek location, Master’s (sic) Kiln, the Reaburn (sic) Creek location (Mahaffeys Kiln), and two new locations: the Gregory Quarry located in Union County about 20 miles to the northeast of Reaburn’s Kiln; and the Musgrove Mill marble located approximately 10 miles to the northeast of Reaburn’s Kiln. These new locations do not occur along strike with those in Laurens County. The Masters’ Kiln location is described as “about eight feet of white, coarse-grained dolomitic limestone, in two adjacent layers… long quarried as a source of lime and also for marble for neighborhood monumental purposes.” Sloan included chemical analyses from several limestone and marble occurrences in South Carolina. Chemical analyses of the marbles from Master’s (sic), Gregory’s, Mahaffey’s, and Raysor’s Quarries, excerpted from Sloan, 1908, pp. 257-259, are reproduced in Appendix B. While the quarry and kiln n Masters’ land was active when Sloan visited in 1908, Twitchell (1911) does not mention it in his report. James W. Clarke (1957) reported on the petrography and origin of the contact zone at Master’s (sic) Kiln and noted scapolite, diopside, and actinolite as the primary minerals and a small amount of molybdenite. He concludes that the mineralization developed at the time of the intrusion of the granite. David Snipes (1969) assigned the Master’s (sic) Kiln occurrence to the Kings Mountain Belt and noted that the 50
GEOLOGY OF THE WESTERN PART OF THE CAROLINA TERRANE IN NORTHWESTERN SOUTH CAROLINA skarn consisted primarily of actinolite, diopside, and scapolite with minor amounts of talc, phlogopite, and other minerals. Two of Don Secor’s and Bob Hatcher’s students worked on the Inner Piedmont-Carolina Terrane Boundary in the vicinity of the marble locations. John Horkowitz (1984) worked in the Philson Crossroad Quadrangle and John Willis (1984) in the Cross Anchor Quadrangle to the north. The Gregory Kiln and Quarry location lies along the boundary between these two quadrangles. Both workers assign the dolomitic marbles to the Inner Piedmont. Clark Niewendorp (1993) visited Raysor’s, Masters’, and Mahaffey’s Kilns and the kiln on Walnut Creek referenced by Ruffin (1843) and Tuomey (1848). This latter kiln Niewendorp named Martin’s Kiln based on the proximity of a nearby road of the same name and references to the ownership of the land by an L. Martin found in Kyzer and Hellam (1883) and a J. Martin found in Sloan (1908). Exact locations to these kilns can be found in Niewendorp (1993). The present owner of the Masters’ Kiln site is Mr. Larry McKellar of Greenwood, South Carolina. Mr. McKeller is very interested in the history of the quarry and in preserving what remains of the kiln and building. He has graciously granted permission for our visit to the site. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LAURENS COUNTY KILNS Martin’s Kiln Figure 3 is a picture of this kiln taken in 1991. Features to be noted are the closely fitted stone work and an air hole called the “eye of the kiln” which is located just below the entryway. Figure 3 Raysor’s Kiln Figure 4 is a picture of this kiln taken in 1991. The back wall of the kiln is intact but blocks from the front and entryway have fallen down. Garlington’s/Mahaffey’s Kiln This kiln is now beneath the waters of Lake Rabon on the south side of the South Rabon Creek channel. In 1991, the temporary lowering of the water level in lake Rabon allowed one of the authors (Niewendorp) to visit the site. A circular area dug out of the hillside and a few stone blocks from the kiln wall were all that remained. Figure 2 is a picture of the site taken during that visit. Cobbles of blue-grey to yellow marble lay scattered around the site. Figure 2 Figure 4 51
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