Training Workshop on the WTO Negotiations on NAMA ... - TRTA i

<strong>Training</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on the
WTO Negotiations on NAMA
<strong>Workshop</strong> report
Geneva, 12-15 December 2006

This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Commission (EC) as part of a
EU-funded Trade Related Technical Assistance (TRTA) programme with the Government of Pakistan.
The International Trade Centre (ITC) is implementing the programme. The content of this publication is
the sole responsibility of the consultant. Facts and figures set forth in this publication are the
responsibility of the consultant and should not be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the
endorsement of the EC, ITC, UNCTAD, or WTO. The factual details and in-country resources in the
publication have been researched and compiled by the consultant. ITC has not formally edited this
report.
Written by:
Dr Osvaldo R Agatiello
Consultant on the Multilateral Trading System
© International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO)
Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Email: itcreg@intracen.org
http://www.intracen.org
Publication No. ITC/DTSS/
Distribution: UNRESTRICTED
January 2007
ITC: Your Partner in Trade Development
The International Trade Centre is the technical cooperation agency of the United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) for operational and
enterprise-oriented aspects of international trade development. As the United Nations focal point for
technical cooperation in trade promotion, ITC works with developing countries and economies in
transition to set up effective trade promotion programmes to expand their exports and improve their
import operations.
ITC works in six areas:
Product and market development
Development of trade support services
Trade information
Human resource development
International purchasing and supply management
Needs assessment, programme design for trade promotion

EU Trade Related Technical Assistance Programme for Pakistan
<strong>Training</strong> workshop on the WTO negotiations
on non-agricultural market access (NAMA)
Geneva, 12-15 December 2006
Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
The training workshop
The programme
The context of the NAMA negotiations
Content of the discussions
Evaluations
Conclusions
Annex 1 - List of participants
Annex 2 - Presentations
Annex 3 - Resource persons
Annex 4 - ITC Team
Annex 5 - Evaluation and feedback

Abbreviations
DDA
DDR
EC
EU
FDI
GATT
GTAP
ISO
ITC
NGTF
NTB
MTNs
MTS
NAMA
OECD
PTAs
S&D
SME
SPS
TBT
TRTA/CB
UNCTAD
UNIDO
WIPO
WTO
Doha Development Agenda
Doha Development Round
European Commission
European Union
foreign direct investment
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Global Trade Analysis Project
International Organization for Standardization
International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO
Negotiating Group on Trade Facilitation
non-tariff barrier
multilateral trade negotiations
multilateral trading system
non-agricultural market access
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Preferential Trade Agreements
special and differential treatment
small and medium-sized enterprise
sanitary and phytosanitary measure
technical barriers to trade
trade-related technical assistance and capacity building
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
World Intellectual Property Organization
World Trade Organization

Introduction
A trade-related technical assistance project was initiated in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
in December 2006. The project is financed by the European Commission, with co-financing
from ITC and UNIDO.
The Project, for which ITC is the overall coordinating and executing agency, includes three
components, as follows:
• Component 1, led by ITC, focuses on creating awareness and building capacity in both
the public and private sectors of Pakistan to fully benefit from the country’s
participation in the WTO Agreements;
• Component 2, led by UNIDO, focuses on improving the quality, standards, metrology
and accreditation systems in the country; and,
• Component 3, led by WIPO, focuses on intellectual property rights and their importance
in promoting foreign direct investment (FDI).
The overall objective of the project is to assist Pakistan in fostering its efficient integration
into the world economy and, ultimately, to contribute to poverty alleviation through the
achievement of trade-related conditions for sustained and stable economic growth and
development. In the case of ITC, this objective is to be achieved by enhancing awareness
among government officials, the business sector and civil society about the implications of
WTO Agreements on the Pakistani economy, and to assist the country in building the
necessary capacities to address issues resulting from its participation in the WTO multilateral
trade negotiations (MTNs).
The particular objective of the training workshop on non-agricultural market access (NAMA)
organized by ITC was to strengthen the capacity within relevant ministries and departments
of the government of Pakistan to actively participate in the WTO negotiations on the matter
and to foster awareness on the importance for the country of their successful conclusion as
well as to advance expert preparation for the alternative outcomes.

The <strong>Training</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong>
The training workshop on the WTO Negotiations on NAMA for high-level officers from
Pakistan took place on 12-15 December 2006 at the WTO and ITC headquarters in Geneva.
The training offered the opportunity to participants nominated by the Ministry of Commerce
of Pakistan, counterpart to ITC for this project, to have a direct contact with some of the
main negotiators and experts in Geneva, and gain a better understanding of the negotiation
process and the issues under discussion. Also, the intervention aimed at enhancing their
capacity to support the work of the Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the WTO in that area,
and to more effectively contribute in defining Pakistan’s interests and negotiating positions
on NAMA topics.
Nine senior Pakistani government officials from the ministries of Commerce and Industries,
Production and Special Initiatives as well as the Central Board of Revenue attended the
programme sessions, with the strong support of the Pakistan Mission to the WTO in Geneva.
All of them were experienced officials, current on the gist of the NAMA negotiations and the
stakes of Pakistan in them. A list of the participants is included as Annex 1.
The activities of the workshop took place at WTO and ITC headquarters, with the
participation of top experts in NAMA, all based in Geneva. A list of the speakers is included
in the Programme, while their full coordinates appear in Annex 3 below.
The fact that the workshop took place concurrently with the resumption of the Doha
Development Round (DDR) discussions (short of full negotiations, which were suspended in
July 2006), gave the participants the opportunity to attend the last session of the WTO
General Council organised on 14 December 2006.

The Programme
<strong>Training</strong> workshop on the WTO negotiations
on non-agricultural market access (NAMA)
Tuesday, 12 December 2006
Geneva, 12-15 December 2006
09h00 – 10h00
WTO room A, RC
10h00 – 10h30
10h30 – 12h00
12h00 – 14h00
14h00 – 15h00
ITC room 4-40
15h00 – 15h30
15h30 – 16h30
16h30 – 17h30
17h30 – 19h00
ITC Cafeteria, RC
Welcome and opening address
Ms Patricia Francis, Executive Director, International Trade Centre
H.E. Ambassador Manzoor Ahmad, Permanent Representative of Pakistan
to the World Trade Organization
Mr. Eric Alvarez Gurza, Chief, Office for Asia-Pacific, Latin America and
the Caribbean, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO
Coffee / tea break
Non-agricultural market access negotiations: state of play
Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme, Counsellor, Market Access Division, World
Trade Organization
Lunch break
Stance and strategy of Pakistan in NAMA negotiations
Dr Mohammad Saeed, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the
World Trade Organization
Coffee / tea break
Business advocacy in multilateral trade negotiations
Mr Carlos Emilio Rosas, Consultant, Multilateral Trading System,
Division of Trade Support Services, International Trade Centre
Group discussion
Cocktail party at ITC
Wednesday, 13 December 2006
09h30 – 10h30
ITC room 4-40
10h30 – 11h30
General overview of NAMA modalities
Mr Darlan Fonseca-Martí, Programme Officer, Trade in Industrial Goods,
South Centre
Overview of the NAMA negotiations
H.E. Ambassador Don Stephenson, Permanent Representative of Canada
to the World Trade Organization, Chairman of the Negotiating Group on
Market Access

11h30 – 10h45
11h45 – 13h00
13h00 – 13h30
13h30 – 14h30
14h30 – 15h30
15h30 – 16h30
16h30 – 17h30
Coffee / tea break
Preference erosion in NAMA and impact on market access conditions
using MacMap
Mr Teddy Soobramanien, Senior Trade Policy Advisor, and Ms Helen
Lassen, Market Analyst, Market Analysis Section, Division of Product
and Market Development, International Trade Centre
Studies of five sectors in Pakistan
Mr Morten Scholer, Senior Market Development Advisor, Market
Development Section, Division of Product and Market Development,
International Trade Centre
Lunch break
General equilibrium and trade policy analysis
Mr Marco Fugazza, Economic Affairs Officer, Trade Analysis Branch,
Division on International Trade in Goods and Services and Commodities,
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Trade in textiles and clothing: the view of the sector
Mr Munir Ahmad, Executive Director, International Textile and Clothing
Bureau
The employment and development dimension of NAMA negotiations: a
trade union view
Ms Esther Busser, Trade Policy Officer, International Trade Union
Confederation
Thursday, 14 December 2006
09h00 – 10h00
ITC room 4-40
10h00 – 10h30
10h30 – 12h30
12h00 – 14h00
14h00 – 15h00
15h00 – 15h30
Trade in textiles and clothing in NAMA negotiations
Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme, Counsellor, Market Access Division, World
Trade Organization
Coffee / tea break
Visit to WTO General Council
Lunch break
Environmental goods negotiations, opportunities and challenges for
developing countries
Mr Mahesh Sugathan, Programme Coordinator, Economics and Trade
Policy Analysis, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable
Development
Coffee / tea break

15h30 – 16h30
16h30 – 17h00
17h00 – 17h30
The WTO NAMA negotiations: challenges and opportunities
Mr Sam Laird, Special Professor of International Economics, University
of Nottingham and Visiting Professor, World Trade Institute, Bern.
Group discussion and wrap up session
Closing session and distribution of certificates
Mr Stephen Browne, Deputy Executive Director, International Trade
Centre
Friday, 15 December 2006
09h30 – 12h30
Meeting at the Permanent Mission of Pakistan

The Context of the NAMA Negotiations
The negotiations on non-agricultural products, conducted within the WTO Market Access
Negotiating Group, comprise all products not included in the Agreement on Agriculture. As
such, they include manufacturing products, fuels and mining products, fish and fish products,
and forestry products. This universe of goods represents almost 90 percent of the world’s
merchandise exports.
According to the mandate contained in the DDA (Doha Development Agenda, Fourth
Ministerial Conference, Doha, Qatar, November 2001), the ministers agreed to launch tariffcutting
negotiations on all non-agricultural products. The aim is “to reduce, or as appropriate
eliminate tariffs, including the reduction or elimination of tariff peaks, high tariffs, and tariff
escalation, as well as non-tariff barriers, in particular on products of export interest to
developing countries”.
Also, these negotiations should specifically take into account the special needs and interests
of developing countries, in particular least-developed ones, and recognize that these countries
do not need to match or reciprocate in full tariff-reduction commitments by other
participants. Depending on the eventual outcome of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations
(MTNs), one-time gains of between USD40 billion and USD60 billion are calculated, that is,
the equivalent of about 0.2 percent of current global output. Among developing countries,
like Pakistan, about 90 percent of the gains from any plausible Doha Development Round
(DDR) scenario would result from liberalization of trade in manufactured goods. 1
Average tariff reductions, largely resulting from Uruguay Round commitments, have
trimmed down developing country tariffs to about one third their level two decades ago,
while some quantitative restrictions, such as quotas and import licenses, have been reduced
or eliminated altogether. Average developed country tariffs stand at about 3.8 percent.
However, tariffs continue to be a barrier to international trade, including “tariff peaks”, those
that are relatively high amidst generally low tariffs, and “tariff escalation”, higher import
duties applied on semi-processed and finished products. There is also the problem of “water”
or “binding overhand” –that is, the difference between the “tariff binding”, or ceiling level a
country has committed to, and the effectively “applied tariff”– because it affects the
predictability of trade transactions.
The negotiations also comprise non-tariff barriers (NTBs), that is, those measures other than
tariffs which can be used to protect domestic industry. Some standards and technical
regulations, like SPS and TBT, which mostly apply to the mitigation of health and
environmental risks or to prevent deceptive practices, by advancing benchmarks for quality,
safety, authenticity, good practices, sustainability, traceability, and the like, can at times be
construed as undue restrictions to trade. The NAMA negotiating group, the Negotiating
Group on Trade Facilitation (NGTF) and international organizations, like UNCTAD, the
World Bank and OECD, have been categorizing and examining NTBs and many related
1 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/markacc_e/markacc_negoti_e.htm;
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/doha1_e.htm;
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/markacc_e/nama_negotiations_e.htm; Sandra Polaski, Winners and losers:
Impact of the Doha Round on Developing countries (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, March 2006), http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=18083.

differences have been resolved bilaterally and regionally. Some developing country
governments have significantly advanced in identifying NTBs across sectors and importing
countries, warning their exporters about them, and promoting negotiated solutions for their
elimination.
The crux of the negotiations, although other important issues also stand out, revolves around
(i) the formula and percentages that will be applied to tariff reductions in a manner that
assures transparency, efficiency, equity and predictability, and (ii) the flexibilities that will
apply to developing countries, like longer implementation periods for their tariff reductions
(against increasing their binding coverage), while LDCs will not be required to apply the
formula.
It is important to note that about three quarters of all tariff barriers faced by developing
countries arise from other developing countries and that the very application of a tariffreduction
formula will redound in a substantial reduction or elimination of tariff peaks, high
tariffs and tariff escalation. This means that enhanced market access opportunities will result
in developed and developing country markets alike and that this would be the most important
outcome of the whole exercise.
At the request of member countries, the WTO Secretariat prepared a number of technical
studies on NAMA, including on tariff profiles, formula approaches to negotiations, and data
availability and software tools for tariff negotiations. Also, member countries have submitted
numerous proposals of their own, individually and as members of country groupings, like
those of the NAMA 11 Group of Developing Countries (Argentina, Bolivarian Republic of
Venezuela, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Namibia, Philippines, South Africa and Tunisia),
the LDC Group, the ACP Group of States and the APEC Member Economies. Of particular
interest are TN/MA/W/65 of 8 November 2005 on flexibilities for developing countries,
submitted by eleven countries, including Pakistan, and TN/MA/W/60 of 20 July 2005,
submitted by Pakistan and containing ideas for bridging the gap between the current
proposals relating to the key issues of tariff reduction formulae and treatment of unbound
tariffs. The complete set of documents can be found at
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/markacc_e/markacc_negoti_e.htm#docs,
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/markacc_e/.

Content of the discussions
ITC Executive Director Patricia Francis inaugurated the programme by pointing out at the
special relationship between ITC and the government of Pakistan, and the importance of such
specialised training sessions to strengthen the capacity of partner countries. Amb. Ahmad
remarked the importance of the NAMA negotiations, which are at the core of the DDR
negotiations, together with agricultural goods and services, and referred to the recent trade
policy workshop held in Pakistan and the training workshop on trade facilitation for senior
Pakistani officials held in Geneva in July 2006. Mr Eric Alvarez Gurza, Chief of ITC’s
Office for Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean and overall responsible for the
organization of the training workshop, explained the logistics of the meeting and the results
expected from it.
There were 15 topical interventions at the workshop, including (i) those directly related to
progress in the NAMA negotiations within the WTO framework, (ii) those related to
technical support tools, (iii) those related to NAMA as a development topic that reaches
beyond the negotiation agenda and touches upon diverse aspects of Pakistan’s domestic
policymaking, and (iv) those relating to the political aspects involved. Copies of the
presentations detailed in Annex 2 as well as other materials on NAMA were delivered to the
participants in CD-ROM format. Both hard and soft copies are further available for
distribution upon request to ITC team members (refer to Annex 4 below).
The representative of the WTO Market Access Division gave an overview of the issues under
discussion, the concepts applied and the stakes at play, which were reinforced in his later
presentation on the textile industry, of critical importance to Pakistan. The Counsellor of the
Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the WTO in turn made a comprehensive presentation on
NAMA as an issue under negotiation and answered numerous questions of the participants.
Some of the questions went to the core of the subject matter, like “Should Pakistan diversify
away from the textile industry?” or “Should Pakistan follow the pattern of other developing
countries of pursuing the multilateral path but at the same time conclude FTAs with the
United States and the European Union?”
The Chairman of the Negotiating Group on NAMA, Amb. Stephenson of Canada, introduced
the political perspective of the discussions. Indeed, this means understanding the difference
between satisfying political aims from commercial aims, those that address real economic
interests. For instance, the discussion on preferences involves three aspects, namely
preference erosion for some; the impact of preferences in favour of competitors (textiles and
clothing, fish and fish products) on the domestic economy of third countries; and the offers of
new preferences. Some sort of balance should be reached case by case to attain overall
results.
The participants were very interested in the operation of Market Access Map (MacMap,
http://www.macmap.org/), the facility designed by ITC to support exporters, importers, trade
promoters, policy analysts and trade negotiators to prepare for trade negotiations by
simulating the effects of tariff reductions. It includes the import duties and other measures
applied by 178 importing countries to products from 239 countries and territories, showing
MFN and preferential rates for products at the most detailed national tariff line level. Other
presentations by UNCTAD expert Marco Fugazza and Prof. Sam Laird, who specialize in
general equilibrium and trade policy analysis helped go deeper into the subject.

Finally, the participation of top experts on textiles and clothing, environmental goods and
employment and the development dimension gave a broader reach to the programme,
considering the significant investments developing countries have to make to keep up with
ever-more-ambitious, generally-accepted performance standards. This is particularly
important because some trade models do not capture the adjustment costs demanded by trade
reform and their negative, sometimes permanent, impact on individuals, households,
countries and regions.

Evaluations
The participants’ assessment of the usefulness and opportunity of the workshop, as expressed
in their evaluation forms and numerous oral interventions, was overwhelmingly positive.
Annex 5 provides a sample of the evaluation form distributed among participants and a
summary of their evaluations.
Among the assessments and recommendations contained in the evaluation forms were:
• The presentations provided]“conceptual clarity and understanding of NAMA
issues … [and] of Pakistan’s and other competitors’ positions; will help my work
directly”.
• “Exchange of information between participants and ITC organizers is very
essential prior to travel from Pakistan”.
• “It will be useful to propose policies (regarding industries) which will be in line
with the NAMA negotiations.”
• Participants should “be provided an outline of the courses/subjects so that they
can have a proper understanding of the subjects at the time of the presentations”.
• “More information and encouragement to use MacMap; more understanding of
preference erosion and environmental goods; more exchange of ideas are
required”.
• “As the NAMA negotiations head towards a possible resumption and agreement
(hopefully) the participants may be kept informed [by ITC] about the latest
developments through e-mail.”
The recommendations and other comments of the participants showed their deep interest in
the programme and its subject matter. The success of targeted follow-up action to maintain
interest in NAMA and other issues affecting market access, is thus assured in future
programmes.

Conclusions
Numerous ideas came up as a result of the training workshop. They included the following:
• The NAMA negotiations are complex and closely intertwined with other negotiation
topics, especially those on agricultural products and services;
• Any final agreement in this area will be a compromise between the various issues under
negotiation as well as the extent of S&D treatment and the availability of TRTA/CB in
favour of developing countries to eventually respond to the new commitments;
• Final agreement will impact on developed and developing economies differently and the
resulting adjustments will determine a large segment of the industrial policies of
Pakistan, and all member countries, for years to come;
• An alternative scenario is no DDR agreement in the foreseeable future and the
proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) or some new combination of
multilateralism and regionalism.
The training workshop built on the valuable experience gathered through a similar exercise
on trade facilitation that took place in July 2006. Both can serve as models for future ITC
interventions on MTN topics.
In what specifically concerns the NAMA negotiations, pivotal as they are to a successful
outcome of the current round of negotiations, they will continue to command the attention of
traders, governments and international organizations. Likewise, the macroeconomic
decisions that Pakistan has to make in preparation and as a consequence of non-agricultural
product liberalization, will impact on several generations of Pakistanis. It is through the
informed exchange of ideas and exhaustive discussion with experts that these decisions can
best be made and implemented.
By fostering the study and discussion of the main topics relating to the NAMA and other key
negotiations under the WTO aegis, ITC helps Pakistani government officials better discharge
their responsibilities, while fulfilling its own mandate for awareness creation and capacity
building in international trade.

Annex 1
List of Participants
Mrs. Yasmin Masood
Deputy Secretary, WTO Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Muhammad Irfan
Section Officer, WTO Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Malik Muhammad Afzal
Section Officer, Foreign Trade Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Mansoor Ahmed Bajwa
Deputy Secretary, Foreign Trade Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Muhammad Owais Khan
Section Officer, Foreign Trade Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Ahmed Irfan Aslam
Legal Consultant, WTO Wing
Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Nasir Masroor Ahmed
Chief, Tariffs and Trade
Central Board of Revenue, Islamabad
Mr. Nazar Abbas
Section Officer
Ministry of Industries, Production and Special Initiatives, Government of Pakistan
Mr. Attaullah Khattak
Assistant Chief (Investments)
Ministry of Industries, Production and Special Initiatives, Government of Pakistan

Annex 2
Presentations
Non-agricultural market access negotiations: state of play
MR JEAN PIERRE LAPALME
Stance and strategy of Pakistan in NAMA negotiations
Dr Mohammad Saeed
Business advocacy in multilateral trade negotiations
Mr. Carlos Rosas
General overview of NAMA modalities
Mr Darlan Fonseca-Martí
Preference erosion in NAMA and impact on market access conditions using MacMap
Mr Teddy Soobramanien and Ms Helen Lassen
Studies of five sectors in Pakistan
Mr Morten Scholer
General equilibrium and trade policy analysis
Mr Marco Fugazza
Trade in textiles and clothing: the view of the sector
Mr Munir Ahmad
The employment and development dimension of NAMA negotiations: a trade union view
Ms Esther Busser
Trade in textiles and clothing in NAMA negotiations
Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme
Environmental goods negotiations, opportunities and challenges for developing
countries
Mr Mahesh Sugathan
The WTO NAMA negotiations: challenges and opportunities
Mr Sam Laird

Annex 3
Resource persons
Ms Patricia Francis
Executive Director, International Trade Centre
H E Ambassador Dr Manzoor Ahmad
Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the World
Trade Organization
Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme
Counsellor, Market Access Division, World Trade
Organization
Dr Mohammad Saeed
Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the
World Trade Organization
Mr Carlos Emilio Rosas
Consultant, Multilateral Trading System, Division
of Trade Support Services, International Trade
Centre
Mr Darlan Fonseca-Martí
Programme Officer, Trade in Industrial Goods,
South Centre
H E Ambassador Don Stephenson
Permanent Representative of Canada to the World
Trade Organization, Chairman of the Negotiating
Group on Market Access
Mr Teddy Soobramanien
Senior Trade Policy Advisor, Market Analyst,
Market Analysis Section, Division of Product and
Market Development, International Trade Centre
Ms Helen Lassen
Market Analyst, Market Analysis Section, Division
of Product and Market Development, International
Trade Centre
Mr Morten Scholer
Senior Market Development Advisor, Market
Development Section, Division of Product and
Market Development, International Trade Centre
francis@intracen.org
info@wto-pakistan.org
jean-pierre.lapalme@wto.org
rosas@intracen.org
fonseca@southcentre.org
mohammad.saeed@wtopakistan.org
jacinthe.cotefortin@international.gc.ca
soobramanien@intracen.org
lassen@intracen.org
scholer@intracen.org

Mr Marco Fugazza
Economic Affairs Officer, Trade Analysis Branch,
Division on International Trade in Goods and
Services and Commodities, United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development
Mr Munir Ahmad
Executive Director, International Textile and
Clothing Bureau
Ms Esther Busser
Trade Policy Officer, International Trade Union
Confederation
Mr Mahesh Sugathan
Programme Coordinator, Economics and Trade
Policy Analysis, International Centre for Trade and
Sustainable Development
Mr Sam Laird
Special Professor of International Economics,
University of Nottingham and Visiting Professor,
World Trade Institute, Bern
Mr Stephen Browne
Deputy Executive Director, International Trade
Centre
Dr Osvaldo R Agatiello
Consultant on the Multilateral Trading System,
International Trade Centre
marco.fugazza@unctad.org
itcb@bluewin.ch
esther.busser@geneva.icftu.org
smahesh@ictsd.ch
sam_laird2000@yahoo.com
browne@intracen.org
osvaldo.agatiello@hotmail.com

Annex 4
ITC Team
Mr Eric Alvarez Gurza
Chief, Office for Asia-Pacific, Latin America
and the Caribbean, International Trade Centre
alvarez@intracen.org
Ms Lilia Naas Hachem
Office for Asia-Pacific, Latin America and
the Caribbean, International Trade Centre
naas@intracen.org
Mr Sadiq Syed
Office for Asia-Pacific, Latin America and
the Caribbean, International Trade Centre
syed@intracen.org

Annex 5
Evaluation and feedback
The following evaluation form was distributed among the participants:
<strong>Training</strong> workshop on the WTO negotiations on NAMA
Geneva, 12-15 December 2006
Evaluation and Feedback
In our on-going effort to improve the quality and impact of our activities, we would like to request
your feedback on the workshop you have attended. Please take a few minutes to answer the following
questions.
Thank you very much in advance
Please circle the following questions from 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive).
1. How useful did you find the presentations?
PRESENTATIONS: 1-------------2-------------3-------------4-------
-------5
NOT VERY
VERY
2. D
USEFUL
USEFUL
i
d the presenter(s) effectively convey the information you expected? In other words, were the
subjects clearly presented?
3. Which of the presentations were specifically useful for your work?

4. Overall, was the workshop beneficial and a good use of your time?
5
1-------------2-------------3-------------4-------
------5
NOT
VERY
BENEFICIAL
BENEFICIAL
W
WASTE OF
h
TIME
at
did you find particularly useful from the presentations and how will you apply it to your work
once back in your country?
6 What did you find particularly less useful from the presentations? What type of follow up would
be useful to help reinforce the information you have received during the workshop? (Feel free to
use the back of this paper to continue)
7 How could this training be improved? Please provide us with any additional comments that would
allow us improve future workshops (Feel free to use the back of this paper to continue)

INDIVIDUAL
PRESENTATIONS
1-------------2-------------3-------------4-------------5
NOT HELPFUL
AT ALL
HELPFUL
VERY
NON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS
NEGOTIATIONS: STATE OF PLAY - MR JEAN
PIERRE LAPALME
Stance and strategy of Pakistan in NAMA negotiations -
Dr Mohammad Saeed
1-----------2-----------3-----------4---
--------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4---
--------5
Business advocacy in multilateral trade negotiations -
Mr. Carlos Rosas
General overview of NAMA modalities - Mr Darlan
Fonseca-Martí
Overview of the NAMA negotiations - Amb. Don
Stephenson
Preference erosion in NAMA and impact on market
access conditions using MacMap - Mr Teddy
Soobramanien, Senior Trade Policy Advisor, and
Ms Helen Lassen
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
Studies of five sectors in Pakistan - Mr Morten Scholer 1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
General equilibrium and trade policy analysis - Mr
Marco Fugazza
Trade in textiles and clothing: the view of the sector
Mr Munir Ahmad
The employment and development dimension of
NAMA negotiations: a trade union view - Ms Esther
Busser
Trade in textiles and clothing in NAMA negotiations -
Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
Visit to WTO General Council 1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
Environmental goods negotiations, opportunities and
challenges for developing countries - Mr Mahesh
Sugathan
The WTO NAMA negotiations: challenges and
opportunities - Mr Sam Laird
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5
1-----------2-----------3-----------4-----------5

THANKS VERY MUCH!
Some of the comments received are included in the Evaluation section above. Overall, the
workshop was deemed very beneficial (question 1, 4.67, with a maximum of 5) and the
presentations very helpful (question 4, 4.67). The individual presentations and activities
received the following weighted responses from the participants:

NON-AGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESS NEGOTIATIONS: STATE OF PLAY - MR
JEAN PIERRE LAPALME
4.56
Stance and strategy of Pakistan in NAMA negotiations - Dr Mohammad Saeed 4.89
Business advocacy in multilateral trade negotiations - Mr. Carlos Rosas 3.56
General overview of NAMA modalities - Mr Darlan Fonseca-Martí 4.67
Overview of the NAMA negotiations - Amb. Don Stephenson 4.67
Preference erosion in NAMA and impact on market access conditions using MacMap - Mr Teddy
Soobramanienand Ms Helen Lassen
3.75
Studies of five sectors in Pakistan - Mr Morten Scholer 3.00
General equilibrium and trade policy analysis - Mr Marco Fugazza 3.56
Trade in textiles and clothing: the view of the sector
Mr Munir Ahmad
The employment and development dimension of NAMA negotiations: a trade union view - Ms
Esther Busser
3.67
4.00
Trade in textiles and clothing in NAMA negotiations - Mr Jean Pierre Lapalme 4.45
Visit to WTO General Council 4.67
Environmental goods negotiations, opportunities and challenges for developing countries - Mr
Mahesh Sugathan
3.34
The WTO NAMA negotiations: challenges and opportunities - Mr Sam Laird 4.45
<strong>Training</strong> <strong>Workshop</strong> on the
WTO Negotiations on NAMA