Ernst Scholtz - E2RG
Ernst Scholtz - E2RG
Ernst Scholtz - E2RG
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Drs. <strong>Ernst</strong> <strong>Scholtz</strong>, Britta Buchholz, Alex Oudalov, US DOE Microgrid WS, 7/30/2012, Chicago<br />
European Microgrids<br />
Experiences and Outlook<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 1
Agenda<br />
• Drivers<br />
• Select Pilots<br />
• Settlement „Am Steinweg“ in Stutensee, Germany<br />
• „Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot, Germany<br />
• „InovGrid“ Pilot in Evora, Portugal<br />
• „Azores“ Islands<br />
• Finland’s SGEM “Hailuoto” Microgrid<br />
• Outlook<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 2
Microgrids in Europe<br />
Drivers<br />
• Environment: Reducing environmental footprint by<br />
integrating variable output renewable energy sources<br />
• Economics: Reduction of running cost especially for the<br />
remote island diesel-based systems.<br />
• Security of Supply: Increased reliability and resilience,<br />
capability to survive natural disasters<br />
• Technology: increased uptake of modern ICT, contrallable<br />
hardware (e.g. power-electronic enabled devices) all of<br />
which enables advanced protection and management<br />
Some of the drivers also mentioned for Smart Grids<br />
•© ABB Group<br />
•July 30, 2012 | Slide 3
German „Energiewende“<br />
Renewables needed to match political goals<br />
Power (GW)<br />
colors:<br />
reference<br />
scenario<br />
white:<br />
estimated<br />
Additional<br />
capacity if<br />
Difference is<br />
covered with<br />
local<br />
renewables<br />
Leistung (GW)<br />
160<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050<br />
Jahr Year<br />
Additional renewables<br />
Erhöhung for energy auf concept Energiekonzept<br />
andere Other Brennstoffe fuels<br />
Geothermie Geothermal energy<br />
Photovoltaik Photovoltaic<br />
Biomasse<br />
Wind Wind offshore<br />
Wind Wind onshore<br />
Lauf- Hydropower und Speicherwasser<br />
Peak load 2010<br />
Minimum load 2010<br />
No nuclear<br />
Source: VDE-ETG<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 4
Microgrid landscaping<br />
Market segments<br />
Military<br />
Commercial &<br />
Industrial<br />
Institutional &<br />
Campus<br />
Alternative classification<br />
(size):<br />
• Facility/building (e.g.<br />
hospitals, schools, lack of<br />
a cost advantage over DG<br />
limits market penetration)<br />
20<br />
MW<br />
Type of<br />
pilots that<br />
will be<br />
discussed<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 5<br />
Community &<br />
Utility<br />
Remote off-grid<br />
Alternative classification<br />
(ownership):<br />
• Customer-generator<br />
model: Single owner<br />
selling to other co-locators<br />
• Landlord model: Landlord<br />
providing power to tenants<br />
under contractual<br />
agreement<br />
• Co-op model: Multiple<br />
owners serving their own<br />
needs<br />
• Utility model
Settlement „Am Steinweg“ in Stutensee, Germany<br />
Pilot installation with 400 residential customers<br />
Start: 2002<br />
Pilot profile<br />
DG capacity el. 69kWp<br />
Technology:<br />
Photovoltaic<br />
CHP<br />
Battery<br />
Tasks:<br />
Energy management for economic<br />
operation of DG components with<br />
“PoMS”<br />
Capability of zero electricity flow at<br />
transformer connecting ~100<br />
apartments to grid<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 6
Settlement „Am Steinweg“ in Stutensee, Germany<br />
Virtual islanding demonstration<br />
150 kW<br />
Upstream<br />
power taken<br />
Growing load<br />
100 kW<br />
Local<br />
resources<br />
limited<br />
50 kW<br />
0 kW<br />
CHP<br />
-50 kW<br />
Battery<br />
-100 kW<br />
PV-Anlage Last Trafo BHKW Batterie<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 7
„More MicroGrids“ (2006-2009)<br />
Demonstration sites<br />
OESTKRAFT<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 8<br />
Source: ARMINES
„Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot, Germany<br />
Residential area with 1,200 customers<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
Start: 2006<br />
Pilot profile<br />
DG capacity el. 35 kWp<br />
Technology:<br />
PV, CHP, Batteries<br />
DR on water pumps, air conditioner<br />
Tasks:<br />
Prepare for microgrid operation<br />
Test communication between loads<br />
and generators<br />
Demo transition from grid<br />
connection to islanding mode<br />
Illustrated the functioning of a multiagent<br />
control system from NTUA<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 9
Mannheim-Wallstadt Pilot, Germany<br />
Low voltage grid segment<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 10
Mannheim-Wallstadt Pilot, Germany<br />
Communication set-up<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 11
Mannheim-Wallstadt Pilot, Germany<br />
Proof of functionality of multi agent system<br />
Source:<br />
NTUA<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 12
„Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot, Germany<br />
Transition between grid connected and islanding mode<br />
Islanded<br />
~4pm<br />
~11am<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 13
„Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot, Germany<br />
Transition between grid connected and islanding mode<br />
Islanded<br />
~4pm<br />
~11am<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 14
„Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot, Germany<br />
Lessons learned<br />
• Consider formal procedure to move from<br />
laboratory to going life<br />
• Regulatory framework in Germany<br />
creates additional challenges for the<br />
integration of distributed generation<br />
• Social acceptance by real prosumers<br />
requires more efforts than expected<br />
• Kinderhaus is a very good starting point<br />
for awareness building!<br />
Follow-up: „Model city Mannheim“<br />
The MoreMicrogrids project created major<br />
know-how for the development and road<br />
map of an active distribution network in<br />
Mannheim<br />
Source:<br />
MVV Energie<br />
Visualization of electricity generation from PV<br />
at the Kinderhaus<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 15
„InovGrid“ Pilot in Evora, Portugal<br />
City with 33,000 customers<br />
Start: 2007<br />
Technology:<br />
• 700 x 1 kW microgen units,<br />
• Loads include EVs<br />
Task and results:<br />
• Conceive SmartGrid<br />
infrastructure „ready for<br />
microgrid“<br />
http://ww<br />
w.inovcity.<br />
pt/en/Pag<br />
es/homep<br />
age.aspx<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 16<br />
• Smart metering for<br />
consumers/prosumers and<br />
microgeneration<br />
• Establish advanced<br />
microgrid at INESC Porto<br />
laboratory for testing<br />
synchronization of two<br />
microgrids
„InovGrid“ Pilot in Evora, Portugal<br />
System architecture<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 17
„InovGrid“ Pilot in Evora, Portugal<br />
Current activities<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 18
„Azores“ Islands<br />
PowerCorp* installation<br />
• 9 Islands with own power systems<br />
• Generation Sources:<br />
• Diesel (9); Small Hydro (12); Wind (8);<br />
Geothermal (2)<br />
• MicroGrid Pilots:<br />
• Flores, 2005, 2MWp<br />
• Graciosa, 2006, 2.2MWp<br />
• Objectives:<br />
• Allow increase on wind energy<br />
production driven by installed excess<br />
wind capacity<br />
• Improve the use of the Diesel engines<br />
(smaller spinning reserve)<br />
• Increase grid stability<br />
© ABB Group<br />
July 30, 2012 | Slide 19<br />
* PowerCorp acquired by ABB in 2012 Source: EDA Presentation to EU, April 2012
„Azores“ Islands<br />
Solution and results<br />
•© ABB Group<br />
•July 30, 2012 | Slide 20<br />
Source: EDA Presentation to EU, April 2012<br />
• Monitoring and Control system<br />
incorporating sources, loads and flywheel<br />
• Droop control to manage frequency<br />
• Coordinated control and remote access<br />
to diesel gens allowed for reduction of<br />
spinning reserves
PowerCorp Microgrids<br />
Other experience and references<br />
1990 1998 2001 2007 2010<br />
Napperby<br />
Northern Territory<br />
Denham<br />
Western Australia<br />
Mawson<br />
Antarctica<br />
Coral Bay<br />
Western Australia<br />
Marble Bar &<br />
Nullagine Western<br />
Australia<br />
Automation of<br />
Diesel Power<br />
Station<br />
(Battery System)<br />
Wind/Diesel<br />
Wind/Grid<br />
Stabilising<br />
Wind/Diesel/<br />
Flywheel<br />
Solar/Diesel/<br />
Flywheel<br />
0%<br />
Renewables<br />
Power Penetration<br />
15%<br />
Renewables<br />
Power Penetration<br />
85%<br />
Renewables<br />
Power Penetration<br />
95%<br />
Renewables<br />
Power Penetration<br />
100%<br />
Renewables<br />
Power Penetration<br />
Renewables Power Penetration is the peak power penetration from<br />
renewables as percentage of total power generated at certain stages
Finland’s SGEM “Hailuoto” Microgrid<br />
Introduction<br />
Utility grid<br />
Hailuoto Island<br />
Viinikantie<br />
Potti<br />
Load<br />
• Start 2010<br />
• SGEM – Consoritum of Finnish<br />
companies (ABB, Nokia, ...)<br />
SCADA<br />
COM 600<br />
Load<br />
Huikku<br />
Gen<br />
• Develop and demonstrate for<br />
evolving distribution grids:<br />
• active grid management<br />
• adaptive protection<br />
by instantiating needed modules<br />
on a substation computer<br />
• Area to be Islanded<br />
• One diesel generator 1.4 MW<br />
(directly connected<br />
synchronous generator)<br />
• One wind turbine 500 kW<br />
•© ABB Group<br />
•July 30, 2012 | Slide 22
Finland’s SGEM “Hailuoto” Microgrid<br />
Active protection concept to be demonstrated<br />
1 2 1 2 3<br />
Load<br />
Load<br />
1 2<br />
SG<br />
Given topology, trusted setting groups are used.<br />
If topology is to change we should switch to more appropriate settings groups
Finland’s SGEM “Hailuoto” Microgrid<br />
Active protection concept to be demonstrated<br />
ActSG=2 ActSG=1<br />
ActSG=2 ActSG=1<br />
ActSG=1<br />
1 2<br />
Load<br />
1 2 3<br />
Load<br />
1 2<br />
SG<br />
1. Data (CB status) are transmitted from the end devices using unsolicited messages as conditions change.<br />
The central controller also polls each end device periodically to ensure that the end device is still healthy.<br />
2. The central controller analyzes the network state and if necessary adapts protection settings to fit the<br />
new network configuration<br />
3. The central controller sends control messages (to switch settings) to the field devices
Microgrids in Europe<br />
Take away points<br />
• Not all EU Microgrid pilots were mentioned here (e.g. Bornholm, DK)<br />
• Some classes (e.g. remote islands) of Microgrids already a business,<br />
for others (e.g. utility) business cases and technology still evolving<br />
• Continuing experiments with Microgrids and SmartGrids in EU,<br />
focusing on renewables, active demand and electrical vehicles<br />
• Demonstrations are increasing in size after first round of successful<br />
demonstrations such as „Mannheim-Wallstadt“ Pilot<br />
• How should larger demonstrations be treated? All as one Microgrid<br />
or as interconnected Microgrids?<br />
• For more complex Microgrids, approaches from T&D grids needed?<br />
•© ABB Group<br />
•July 30, 2012 | Slide 25
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