Women and Politics in the Third World

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ANALYSING WOMEN IN THIRD WORLD POLITICS 25 FURTHER READING For a discussion of the general issues involved in the study of women and politics see Vicky Randall’s (1987) Women in Politics. Georgina Waylen’s (1996) Gender in Third World Politics takes up in far more detail many of the issues raised in this chapter and examines particular political formations such as revolution and authoritarianism in the Third World. Barbara Nelson and Najma Chowdhury’s (1994) edited collection Women and Politics Worldwide (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press) has a number of Third World country case studies. For some recent developments in feminist analysis see Michele Barrett and Anne Phillips (1992) Destabilising Theory. For different approaches to the analysis of women’s political activity see ‘Mobilization without Emancipation?’ by Maxine Molyneux (1985); ‘Bargaining with Patriarchy’ by Deniz Kandiyoti (1988) and Chandhra Mohanty’s (1988) ‘Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses’, as well as C.Mohanty, A.Russo and L.Torres (eds) (1991) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism.
Chapter 2 Women and the state in the Third World Shirin Rai This chapter examines the debates on the state within the feminist literature. It makes a claim for ‘bringing the state back’ in to any discussion of women’s lives in the Third World. It argues that the current debate on the state is largely Westcentred, and does not take into account particular features of the post-colonial states that affect the lives of Third World women. It urges a fresh approach to this question which must have as its starting-point the lived realities of women’s existence, negotiations and struggles. IN OR AGAINST STATE? Much of Western feminist state theory has largely ignored the experience of Third World women under the post-colonial state. Often the assumptions made are Western-centred but the theorising takes on a universalising language. Similarly, some of the theories of the ‘developmental state’ (as opposed to ‘theories of development’ in general) have developed in gender-blind and sometimes Orientalist ways (Joseph 1993: 26), and therefore ignore the particular relationship that women in the Third World find themselves in vis-à-vis the postcolonial state. They tend to overlook the processes of state and class formations in the Third World, and therefore the relations of exploitation operating in the economic and the socio-political terrain. This further leads to assumptions about the nature of struggle and the strategies that can be included or are to be excluded from the ambit of struggle. There is now a growing literature on women and the state in the Third World, which seeks to challenge the universalising language of the Western feminist and developmental state discourses about women, the state and struggle. I shall argue that what we need is a continuing and more focused debate about women and the post-colonial state as Third World women come to experience not only national but also international economic and political power in the era of ‘restructuring and democratisation’. Such a focus will also allow us to examine the growing and diverse areas of women’s political activities which include not only opposition, but also negotiation, not only struggle, but also strategic bargaining in spaces that are intersections of the private and the public spheres (see also Waylen and Hensman, chapters 1 and 4 in this volume).
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Page 6 and 7: Contents Notes on contributors vii
Page 8 and 9: Notes on contributors Haleh Afshar
Page 10 and 11: Reviews and include ‘Resituating
Page 12 and 13: Women’s resistances in the Third
Page 14 and 15: Introduction Since the early 1960s
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION 3 their own interests
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION 5 of a market economy
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION 7 S.Westwood (eds) (19
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Page 64 and 65: ARGENTINA ROHINI HENSMAN 51 The aut
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Page 68 and 69: ROHINI HENSMAN 55 The return to ele
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Page 74 and 75: ROHINI HENSMAN 61 women, in an atte
Page 76 and 77: ROHINI HENSMAN 63 The president of
Page 78 and 79: ROHINI HENSMAN 65 idea that “trad
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Page 82 and 83: ROHINI HENSMAN 69 But what affect d
Page 84 and 85: ROHINI HENSMAN 71 occupations (as i
Page 86 and 87: ROHINI HENSMAN 73 Choudhury, G., De
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ROHINI HENSMAN 75 Journal of Gender
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NICARAGUAN WOMEN AND THE POLITICS O
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CHINESE WOMEN AND THE POLITICS OF R
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Chapter 7 Social policies and rural
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Figure 7.1 Map of China AIPING MU 1
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114 SOCIAL POLICIES AND RURAL FERTI
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Chapter 8 Women and the politics of
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126 HALEH AFSHAR contract between c
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128 HALEH AFSHAR judges were sacked
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130 HALEH AFSHAR in practice Islami
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132 HALEH AFSHAR Some of the women
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134 HALEH AFSHAR THE POLITICS OF AC
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136 HALEH AFSHAR support. But when
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138 HALEH AFSHAR Musavi, as well as
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140 HALEH AFSHAR Women who have too
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142 HALEH AFSHAR London, Paris, Los
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144 HALEH AFSHAR Salame, G. (1994)
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146 DIVORCE, VEILING AND FEMINISM I
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Chapter 10 The women’s movement,
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176 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM general
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178 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM to the
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180 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM interna
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182 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM lie the
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184 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM 22 See
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186 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM Habash,
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188 KATHY GLAVANIS-GRANTHAM states
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190 PALESTINIAN WOMEN AND THE INTIF
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208 INDEX Charter of the Islamic Re
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210 INDEX and FPL 146, 153; impact
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212 INDEX marriage age 114; ‘out-
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214 INDEX Tamils 55, 63 UN Conferen
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Women and Politics in the Third World

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