Realising the European Research Area (ERA) Key challenges

Realising the
European Research Area (ERA)
Key challenges
1st INCO Conference:
“Supporting Research Integration”
Athens, 10 June 2010
Leonidas Karapiperis
Advisor
Directorate-General for Research
European Commission
1

Presentation Outline
1. ERA and the Lisbon Treaty
2. Our global position in figures
3. Current ERA initiatives
4. The new context and next steps
2

1. ERA and the Lisbon Treaty
Main changes and implications for
the governance of ERA
3

Basics of the development of the
European Research Area (ERA)
The ERA concept launched in 2000, combines:
A European “single market" for research, where
researchers, technology and knowledge freely
circulate (“the Fifth Freedom”)
Effective European-level coordination of national
activities, programmes and policies
Major initiatives implemented and funded at
European level
4

ERA Vision 2020
ERA Vision 2020 adopted at Competitiveness Council on
2 December 2008
“By 2020, all actors fully benefit from the ‘Fifth Freedom’ across the ERA: free
circulation of researchers, knowledge and technology. The ERA provides
attractive conditions and effective and efficient governance for doing
research and investing in R&D intensive sectors in Europe. It creates strong
added value by fostering a healthy Europe-wide scientific competition whilst
ensuring the appropriate level of cooperation and coordination. It is
responsive to the needs and ambitions of citizens and effectively contributes
to the sustainable development and competitiveness of Europe.”
5

Lisbon Treaty:
S&T an objective of the Union
Explicit recognition of ERA
S&T from a “means” in the prior Treaty, to a fullyfledge
“objective” with the Lisbon Treaty
TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE
Article 179
1. The Union shall have the objective of strengthening its scientific and
technological bases by achieving a European research area in which
researchers, scientific knowledge and technology circulate freely, and
encouraging it to become more competitive, including in its industry, while
promoting all the research activities deemed necessary by virtue of other
Chapters of the Treaties.
6

Competence-sharing between the Union
and the MS
Shared competence in the R&D area between the European
Union and the Member States
Its exercise shall not result in Member States being prevented
from exercising theirs
7

2. Our global position in figures
8

The challenges:
Globalisation of Research
Over 75% of global research investment is made outside
the EU
Our share is decreasing due to new global players in
S&T
Europe must invest more while opening up to the world
9

EU is increasing its investments
in research
All Member States respond by increasing their R&D
investments in real terms (2000-2008)
19 Member States even managed to increase their R&D
intensity between 2000 and 2008
10

G r o s s D o m e s t i c E x p e n d i t u r e o n R & D ( G E R D ) - r e a l g r o w t h ( % ) b e t w e e n 2 0 0 0 a n d 2 0 0 8 ( 1 )
5 3 . 0 %
4 9 . 6 %
3 5 . 5 %
3 1 . 4 %
2 8 . 6 %
2 7 . 2 %
2 6 . 6 %
2 4 . 4 %
1 9 . 6 %
1 5 . 6 %
1 2 . 2 %
1 1 . 9 %
9 . 8 %
8 . 8 %
7 . 9 %
6 . 7 %
6 . 7 %
4 . 8 %
1 1 6 . 8 %
7 7 . 0 %
7 2 . 8 %
7 1 . 8 %
6 7 . 7 %
6 0 . 8 %
1 3 7 . 1 %
1 3 3 . 4 %
1 6 0 . 2 %
1 5 4 . 1 %
2 2 1 . 0 %
1 4 6 . 4 %
2 5 8 . 5 %
E s t o n i a
R o m a n i a
C y p r u s
L a t v i a
L i t h u a n i a
P o r t u g a l
T u r k e y
S p a i n
I r e l a n d
C z e c h R e p u b l i c
S l o v e n i a
H u n g a r y
A u s t r i a
B u l g a r i a
F i n l a n d
I c e l a n d
D e n m a r k
L u x e m b o u r g
P o l a n d
G r e e c e
E U - 2 7
U K
I t a l y
N o r w a y
G e r m a n y
S l o v a k i a
M a l t a
B e l g i u m
S w e d e n
F r a n c e
N e t h e r l a n d s
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 6 0 2 8 0
%
S o u r c e : D G R e s e a r c h
D a t a : E u r o s t a t
N o t e s : ( 1 ) T R : 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 7 ; E L : 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 7 ; S E , N O : 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 8 ; M T 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 0 8 .
( 2 ) H U : T h e r e i s a b r e a k i n s e r i e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 4 a n d t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r s .
( 3 ) F R : T h e r e i s a b r e a k i n s e r i e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 4 a n d t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r s .
( 4 ) S E : T h e r e i s a b r e a k i n s e r i e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 5 a n d t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r s .
( 5 ) D K : T h e r e i s a b r e a k i n s e r i e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 7 a n d t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r s .
( 6 ) N L : T h e r e i s a b r e a k i n s e r i e s b e t w e e n 2 0 0 4 a n d t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r s .
11

EU’s overall R&D intensity
stagnates
However the EU’s R&D intensity has stagnated …
…while Asia’s is growing strongly and the USA maintains
far higher investments
12

R & D I n t e n s i t y ( G E R D a s % o f G D P ) , 2 0 0 7 ( 1 )
2 , 0 8
1 , 8 7
1 , 8 3
1 , 7 6
1 , 7 0
1 , 6 5
1 , 6 3
1 , 5 4
1 , 5 3
1 , 4 4
1 , 4 2
1 , 2 7
1 , 2 4
1 , 1 8
1 , 1 4
0 , 9 7
0 , 8 6
0 , 8 2
0 , 6 0
0 , 5 9
0 , 5 8
0 , 5 7
0 , 5 6
0 , 5 3
0 , 4 8
0 , 4 6
0 , 4 5
2 , 9 0
2 , 7 7
2 , 6 7
2 , 6 5
2 , 5 5
2 , 5 3
3 , 2 2
3 , 4 0
3 , 3 9
3 , 6 4
4 , 7 4
I s r a e l
S w e d e n
J a p a n
F i n l a n d
S o u t h K o r e a
S w i t z e r l a n d
I c e l a n d
U S
A u s t r i a
D e n m a r k
G e r m a n y
F r a n c e
B e l g i u m
E U - 2 7
U K
N e t h e r l a n d s
N o r w a y
L u x e m b o u r g
C z e c h R e p u b l i c
S l o v e n i a
I r e l a n d
C h i n a
S p a i n
E s t o n i a
P o r t u g a l
I t a l y
H u n g a r y
C r o a t i a
L i t h u a n i a
M a l t a
L a t v i a
T u r k e y
G r e e c e
P o l a n d
R o m a n i a
B u l g a r i a
S l o v a k i a
C y p r u s
0 1 2 3 4 5
13

3. Current ERA Initiatives
14

Excellent
research
institutions and
universities
Single labour market
for researchers
ERA
ERA building blocks
World-class
research
infrastructures
Well-coordinated
research programmes
and priorities
(joint programming)
Opening of the ERA
to the world
Effective
knowledge sharing
15

Key Challenges:
European Partnership
for Researchers
– Ensure quality and availability of researchers across Europe
and raise the attraction of Europe to the best research talents
world-wide
• Increasing competition, globally and with other economic sectors
• Demographic developments affecting Europe's research workforce
• Europe's goal to increase public and private investments in R&D
– Mainstream mobility between institutions, between sectors
and across borders, based on the “brain circulation” paradigm
16

European Partnership
for Researchers
Response to challenges:
• A partnership between Member States, Associated States and the
Commission to accelerate progress, building on reforms and actions
underway
• A common framework to help focus the efforts on shared objectives
and key areas of common interest
• A balanced approach: better careers and more mobility
• New voluntary measures to promote the Charter & Code principles
(The European Charter for Researchers, the Code of Conduct for the
recruitment of Researchers) at institutional level (“HR Strategy for
Researchers”)
• The Gago/Biltgen report of December 2008 with further ideas for
implementing the Partnership pointing out the importance of
education in science.
17

United States
Japan
100000
90000
80000
70000
18
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Joint Programming:
Restructuring a fragmented ERA
Public Funding for Research (2005 figures)
Joint Programming
in EU 27: 10 to 15 %
EU27 + EC
Joint Programming
in US : 85 to 90 %
Mio Euro
Germany
China
France
UK
Italy
Spain
EC
Netherlands
Sweden
Belgium
Finland
Austria
Denmark
Portugal
Ireland
Poland
Greece
Czech rep.
Hungary
ROmania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Luxembourg
Lithuania
Estonia
Cyprus
Latvia
Malta

Why Joint Programming
Key Challenges :
Science and Technology can and must contribute to solving major
societal challenges
Impact of public research not optimised due to fragmentation of
funding in the EU
National research programmes have their place… but are not
equipped to tackle major European societal problems by themselves
Response to challenges :
Commission Communication on Joint Programming in research adopted
by Council Conclusions (2008)
Member States “in the driver seat”, engaging:
• Voluntarily and on the basis of variable geometry
• …based on a common vision on how to address major societal
challenges
• …in the definition, development and implementation of common
strategic research agendas
19

What is Joint Programming
Joint Programming is a “process”, not a new funding instrument
Possible JPI themes identified by High level Group on Joint Programming
(GPC), installed as a dedicated configuration of CREST. Commission is a
member
Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs) will combine existing research
programmes and instruments, or build new ones, if necessary
Role of Member States, EuroHORCs/ESF – with the support of the
Commission to consider / develop Framework Conditions
These are boundary conditions such as administrative, normative and
regulatory factors considered essential for the effective implementation
and success of JPIs
20

JPIs already launched or to be launched in 2010:
Combating Neurodegenerative Disesases (including Alzheimer)
Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change;
A healthy Diet for a healthy Life;
Cultural Heritage and Global Change
Council endorses in May 2010 six new themes (probable launch in 2011):
Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI)
The microbial challenge - An emerging threat to human health
Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe
More Years, Better Lives - The Potential and Challenges of Demographic Change
Urban Europe - Global Challenges, Local Solutions
Water Challenges for a Changing World
Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans
21

World-class research
infrastructures
Essential for Europe’s researchers to stay at the forefront
of research development
Key component of Europe’s competitiveness in both basic
and applied research
Key Challenges:
To overcome fragmentation in Europe in the field of Research
Infrastructures
To improve the efficiency of services and access to European
Research Infrastructures
To cope with their increasing cost and complexity
Better implement global Infrastructures
To further develop and better exploit the potential of e-
infrastructures
Better linkages to innovation
22

The ESFRI roadmap
Identifies 44 new (or major upgrade of) Research Infrastructures of pan-European interest
The EC funds 3 additional projects from the CERN Council strategic roadmap for particle physics*
Social Sc. &
Hum.
( 5 )
Life Sciences
( 10 )
Environmental Sciences
( 10 )
Material
and
Analytical
Facilities
( 6 )
Physics and Astronomy
( 11 )
Energy
( 4 )
e-Infrastructures
(1)
SHARE
BBMRI
ELIXIR
ICOS
EURO-
ARGO
EUROFEL
ELI
TIARA *
ECCSEL
PRACE
European
Social
Survey
ECRIN
INFRA
FRONTIER
LIFEWATCH
IAGOS
EMFL
PRINS
CTA
JHR
CESSDA
INSTRUCT
EATRIS
EMSO
EPOS
European
XFEL
SPIRAL2
FAIR
IFMIF
CLARIN
EU-
OPENSCRE
EN
EMBRC
SIAEOS
EISCAT_3D
ESRF
Upgrade
E-ELT
SKA
HiPER
DARIAH
Euro
BioImaging
ERINHA
BSL4 Lab
COPAL
AURORA
BOREALIS
NEUTRON
ESS
KM3NeT
ILC-
HIGRADE *
Distributed research infrastructures
Single sited research infrastructures
ILL20/20
Upgrade
SLHC-PP *
The term “distributed RI”, as used by ESFRI, refers to a facility with one unique name and legal
status, one management structure, one strategy and development plan, and having one annual
report and fiscal address although its research facilities are located in different sites and different
countries
23

Community legal framework
for new research infrastructures
A European Research
Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC)
An easy-to-use legal instrument providing:
the spirit of a truly European venture
a legal personality recognized in all MS
some privileges / exemptions allowed at a national level for
intergovernmental organisations
Membership:
Member States and Associated Countries
Third States
Intergovernmental organisations
A State may be represented by one or more public entities or private
entities with a public-service mission
24

Opening of ERA to the world
Key Challenges:
Globalisation and global challenges (e.g. climate change, energy
security)
Rise of "non-traditional" research partner countries and
research locations ("new global S&T players")
Facilitation of knowledge transfer at global level
The need to ensure equitable and fair access to IP generated in
international R&D collaborations
The need to avoid duplication of activities between the Member
States and the European Community with third country
partners
25

Opening of ERA to the world
The Commission’s answer: “A Strategic European Framework for International
S&T Cooperation“ (September 2008)
based on a long term partnership between the Member States and the
European Community
aiming for a more coordinated approach between Member States and the
European Community activities
Endorsed by Council Conclusions of December 2008 “A European Partnership for
International Scientific and Technological Cooperation”:
Member States, Associated States and the European Commission collaborate
to identify common priorities which could lead to coordinated or joint
initiatives and positions vis-à-vis third countries and international fora
inviting Member States and the Commission to work togther in the Strategic
Forum for International Cooperation (SFIC)
26

Knowledge transfer and
IP management
Key Challenges:
To enhance the impact of public research on European socio-economic
growth by strengthening knowledge transfer between Public Research
Organisations (PROs) and the private sector at national, European and
international levels.
To improve the management of intellectual property arising from
research by PROs (including universities), and the development of
relations with the private sector.
Response to challenges:
Commission Recommendation and Code of Practice (2008) including
key principles for improving national Intellectual Property (IP) and
knowledge transfer policies, and guidance for PROs to set up
institutional policies and knowledge transfer systems.
Council Resolution endorsing and supporting Recommendation and
Code of Practice adopted in 2008.
27

Research institutions
Excellent research institutions, including universities: key players in the
knowledge-based economy development, at the heart of the knowledge
triangle
No separate ERA initiative, but elements firmly incorporated in the
initiatives, e.g. on researchers and on knowledge transfer
Commission Communication “Modernisation agenda for universities:
education, research and innovation”: research excellence, governance,
funding, partnerships with business, knowledge exchange, networking,…
Largely in hands of Member States and research institutions themselves;
European level and national actions politically endorsed by the
November 2007 Council resolution on the modernisation of universities
for Europe’s competitiveness
28

Beyond the five initiatives
The five initiatives and their future implementation mark important
milestones in the further development of ERA but there are many other
issues to be addressed
Better integration of research and innovation
Other current initiatives contributing to advancement of the ERA:
ERC (external review made, Commission Communication in October)
European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET)
Maritime research strategy
European Technology Platforms (ETP)
JTIs, Art. 169s
Strengthening of synergies between FP7, CIP and Structural Funds
The European Research Area Board (ERAB) as the new advisory body
responsible for advising the Commission on the realisation of the ERA
Member States and stakeholders encouraged to identify other challenges and
initiatives
29

4. The new context and next steps
30

New Commission
Europe 2020 Strategy
New Commission (February 2010)
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science,
with overarching responsibility for innovation
“Europe 2020” (March 2010), Commission strategy proposal for “smart”,
“inclusive” and “sustainable” growth to exit from the crisis
Key role of Research and Innovation confirmed
Overall 3% objective maintained (R&D as percentage of GDP by 2020)
R&I to focus on major societal challenges facing Europe and the world
Importance of better integration of research and innovation
Both demand and supply side measures
Broad definition of innovation (not just research based)
“European Innovation Partnerships” to be launched
Innovation Union
Development of “innovation indicators” and targets
31

Fine tuning FP7
Simplification in FP7 and beyond
Commission Communication (April 2010)
Interim evaluation of FP7
Time scale:
• Expert Panel Report by end October 2010
• Commission response by end 2010
Inputs: Welcome!
32

Next Steps
Discussion on Research and Innovation at Autumn European Council
Introduced by personally by President Barroso
Preceded by Communication on a new Research and Innovation Strategy
(September 2010)
Start of preparation of FP8
Series of strategic Commission Communications in first half of 2011
Stakeholder Consultations
First detailed Commission proposals on FP8 in early 2012
Will have to fit in overall EU Financial Perspectives for the next period (2014-
2020)
33

Thank you for your attention!
34